Download or read book Neuronal and Cognitive Effects of Oestrogens written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-10-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although normally thought of as a sex hormone, recent research has highlighted the numerous and significant effects that oestrogen has on the CNS, extending far beyond its important reproductive role. It has been shown that oestrogen acts as a neural growth factor with important influences on the survival, plasticity, regeneration and ageing of the mammalian brain. This exciting book brings together leading clinicians and researchers to discuss oestrogen's basic mechanisms of action, the extrahypothalmic brain regions it affects, and its influence on cognitive functions in animals and humans. Finally, recent research on the role of oestrogens in ageing and dementia, including the significance of oestrogen action in Alzheimer's disease, is discussed. The 15 papers contained in this book, together with the extensive discussion sessions that follow them, reveal much new and exciting work in this area, and identify promising new research directions.
Download or read book The Effects of Estrogen on Brain Function written by Natalie L. Rasgon and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2006-05-05 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: D., University of Southern California--Julie A. Dumas "Sex Roles"
Download or read book Hormones Cognition and Dementia written by Eef Hogervorst and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-24 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic and clinical research on sex steroids, ageing, and cognition to integrate existing findings with emerging data.
Download or read book Estrogens and Brain Function written by D.W. Pfaff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together some of the results and ideas produced by a large number of people-colleagues and students with whom I am privileged to work in the laboratory at Rockefeller University. In terms of my personal history I see it as a confluence of creative forces persons from whom I have learned. I was instructed in neuroanatomy by Walle J. H. Nauta at M. I. T. , and later in a course at Harvard Medical School under the direction of Richard Sidman. At Harvard Medical School, where M. I. T. graduate students were allowed to cross register, the superb neurophysiology course was under the guiding spirit of Stephen Kuffler. Later, I benefited greatly from participating in his summer course in electrophysiological techniques at Woods Hole. Eric Kandel and his colleagues have provided us with the most exciting contemporary approach to the conceptualization and study of cellular mechanisms for behavior. Here at Rockefeller, Carl Pfaffmann and Neal Miller have been leaders in every sense of the word. Not only did they provide me with opportunities to grow to scientific maturity; they also set an example of clear thinking about mechanisms for mammalian behavior patterns. I wrote this book to show how the systematic use of increasingly detailed electrophysiological, neuroanatomical, and neuroendocrine tech niques can explain the mechanism for a mammalian behavioral response. The behavior in question happens to be sensitive to steroid hormones and plays a central role in reproduction.
Download or read book Research on the Menopause in the 1990s written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews current research on the menopause, including studies on its symptons and their treatment, and its effects on the cardiovascular and skeletal systems. It also assesses the relevance of existing data to women in developing countries.
Download or read book Estrogen Mystery Drug for the Brain written by Christian Behl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that estrogen is "somehow” a protective hormone for various age-related disorders. This book provides a solid knowledge of estrogen’s neuroprotective activities in the brain with a special emphasis on neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease. The focus is (1) to describe the biochemical, molecular, and cellular basis of the protective activity of estrogen and (2) to transfer this knowledge into the hospitals by discussing preventive and therapeutic approaches such as estrogen replacement therapy for post-menopausal women. Besides up-to-date information on estrogen and the brain, this book explains in a highly understandable manner molecular and cellular techniques by which basic data have been collected. The reader, which may include the professional specialist as well as the interested non-specialist, will also gain insight into the scientific transfer process of knowledge from basic science to the clinical situation and therefore "from bench to bed”.
Download or read book Estrogens and Memory written by Karyn M. Frick and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A book about the influence of estrogens on memory would have been unthinkable as recently as 30 years ago. Although a few small studies in the late 1970's reported a beneficial effect of estrogens on memory in human women (Hackman and Galbraith, 1976; Fedor-Freybergh, 1977), examination of the role of estrogens in memory did not truly capture more widespread attention until the pioneering work of Barbara Sherwin and colleagues in 1988 and beyond. In her initial paper, Sherwin showed that bilateral removal of the ovaries (aka surgical menopause) led to impaired short-term and long-term memory, whereas treatment of surgically menopausal women with estradiol alone, testosterone alone, or estradiol plus testosterone prevented this decline (Sherwin, 1988). As a search for the terms "estrogen" and "memory" in PubMed illustrates, well over 2000 papers have been published on the subject of estrogens and memory in the ensuing decades. The vast majority of these studies have focused on the hippocampus, a bilateral medial temporal lobe structure essential for the formation of episodic memories, particularly those with spatial, contextual, relational, temporal, and recognition components (Olton et al., 1979; Morris et al., 1982; Kim and Fanselow, 1992; Squire, 1992; Cohen and Stackman, 2015; Tonegawa et al., 2015; Eichenbaum, 2017). Although various forms of learning and memory are mediated by numerous brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, medial temporal lobe cortices, amygdala, striatum, and cerebellum, the hippocampus has received the lion's share of attention due to its central importance for episodic memory formation. Hippocampal damage produces profound retrograde amnesia for facts and events, as well as anterograde amnesia for new information and impairments in spatial navigation (Winocur, 1990; Anagnostaras et al., 2001; Clark et al., 2002; Gilboa et al., 2006). Hippocampal dysfunction in middle-aged and aged subjects is a primary contributor to age-related memory decline (Golumb et al., 1996; Grady et al., 2003; Apostolova et al., 2010; Burke and Barnes, 2010; Small et al., 2011; Yassa et al., 2011), and has also been implicated in the cognitive impairments observed in diseases such as schizophrenia and depression (Small et al., 2011; Nakahara et al., 2018; Santos et al., 2018; Ott et al., 2019). Moreover, the hippocampi of patients with Alzheimer's disease are substantially atrophied and burdened with copious amounts of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the hallmark pathologies of this insidious disease (Hyman et al., 1984; Walsh and Selkoe, 2004; Selkoe and Hardy, 2016). As such, understanding how estrogens influence hippocampal functioning may provide important insights not only about the fundamental neurobiology of memory processes, but also into the etiology of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases"--
Download or read book The Female Brain written by Louann Brizendine, MD and published by Harmony. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Dr. Brizendine wrote The Female Brain ten years ago, the response has been overwhelming. This New York Times bestseller has been translated into more than thirty languages, has sold nearly a million copies between editions, and has most recently inspired a romantic comedy starring Whitney Cummings and Sofia Vergara. And its profound scientific understanding of the nature and experience of the female brain continues to guide women as they pass through life stages, to help men better understand the girls and women in their lives, and to illuminate the delicate emotional machinery of a love relationship. Why are women more verbal than men? Why do women remember details of fights that men can’t remember at all? Why do women tend to form deeper bonds with their female friends than men do with their male counterparts? These and other questions have stumped both sexes throughout the ages. Now, pioneering neuropsychiatrist Louann Brizendine, M.D., brings together the latest findings to show how the unique structure of the female brain determines how women think, what they value, how they communicate, and who they love. While doing research as a medical student at Yale and then as a resident and faculty member at Harvard, Louann Brizendine discovered that almost all of the clinical data in existence on neurology, psychology, and neurobiology focused exclusively on males. In response to the overwhelming need for information on the female mind, Brizendine established the first clinic in the country to study and treat women’s brain function. In The Female Brain, Dr. Brizendine distills all her findings and the latest information from the scientific community in a highly accessible book that educates women about their unique brain/body/behavior. The result: women will come away from this book knowing that they have a lean, mean, communicating machine. Men will develop a serious case of brain envy.
Download or read book Hormones and Neural Aging Lessons From Experimental Models written by Isabel Varela-Nieto and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-01-23 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can we slow the signs of aging? Although aging is a natural process for all living things, doing so without dramatic alterations of health and well-being is an important aim in health care. Understanding this gradual but continuous process is fundamental in order to avoid, or at least improve, aging associated illnesses and conditions. The reviews and studies compiled here address various aspects of the relationship between systemic and central changes during the aging process, with hormonal signals as the important liaison.
Download or read book Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Processes and Diseases written by Gorazd Drevensek and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides chapters on sex hormones and their modulation in neurodegenerative processes and pathologies, from basic molecular mechanisms, physiology, gender differences, to neuroprotection and clinical aspects for potential novel pharmacotherapy approaches. The book contains 14 chapters written by authors from various biomedical professions, from basic researchers in biology and physiology to medicine and veterinary medicine, pharmacologists, psychiatrist, etc. Chapters sum up the past and current knowledge on sex hormones, representing original new insights into their role in brain functioning, mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The book is written for a broad range of audience, from biomedical students to highly profiled medical specialists and biomedical researchers, helping them to expand their knowledge on sex hormones in neurodegenerative processes and opening new questions for further investigation.
Download or read book Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer. But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke than men or why women are more apt to develop autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Sex differences in health throughout the lifespan have been documented. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health begins to snap the pieces of the puzzle into place so that this knowledge can be used to improve health for both sexes. From behavior and cognition to metabolism and response to chemicals and infectious organisms, this book explores the health impact of sex (being male or female, according to reproductive organs and chromosomes) and gender (one's sense of self as male or female in society). Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health discusses basic biochemical differences in the cells of males and females and health variability between the sexes from conception throughout life. The book identifies key research needs and opportunities and addresses barriers to research. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health will be important to health policy makers, basic, applied, and clinical researchers, educators, providers, and journalists-while being very accessible to interested lay readers.
Download or read book Neuroplasticity Development and Steroid Hormone Action written by Robert J. Handa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-07-30 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compilation of cutting-edge research, Neuroplasticity, Development, and Steroid Hormone Action explores the effects of steroid hormones on brain development, function, and aging. The experimental approaches used by the authors ranges from molecular to behavioral and endocrine to neurobiological. It contains scientific photographs, line drawings, tables, color illustrations, and graphs, this interesting and timely text covers the neuroplastic effects of steroid hormones throughout the lifetime of various animal models, such as bees, fish, lizards, turtles, birds, mice, rats, and primates.
Download or read book Treatment of the Postmenopausal Woman written by Rogerio A. Lobo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-06-05 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For anyone who treats postmenopausal women, this latest edition of Rogerio Lobo's classic work combines the best from two well-known references: Menopause, and the second edition of Treatment of the Postmenopausal Woman. By adding significant discussions of the basic science behind menopause, it is possible to objectively assess the clinical value and limitations of current approaches to treatment and provide a basis and rationale for strategies that will result in better individualized and specialized care. Not only does the third edition discuss diagnosis and treatment of menopause but it covers biological, anatomical, physiological, pathobiological, and pharmacological aspects as well bringing together, in one source, all of the information needed to understand and treat postmenopausal conditions. Over 50% new material representing the vast amount of information available since the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials were completed making this the most up-to-date reference on postmenopausal women Includes several new sections on comparisons between clinical trials and observational data, urology, and pelvic support Each section is preceded by a preface to put the area into context with many chapters having suggested treatment regimens
Download or read book Gene Regulation Epigenetics and Hormone Signaling written by Subhrangsu S. Mandal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of its kind, this reference gives a comprehensive but concise introduction to epigenetics before covering the many interactions between hormone regulation and epigenetics at all levels. The contents are very well structured with no overlaps between chapters, and each one features supplementary material for use in presentations. Throughout, major emphasis is placed on pathological conditions, aiming at the many physiologists and developmental biologists who are familiar with the importance and mechanisms of hormone regulation but have a limited background in epigenetics.
Download or read book Brain Aromatase Estrogens and Behavior written by Jacques Balthazart and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-15 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concerns how estrogens are synthesized in the brain and their two modes of action on behavior: a slow process involving gene transcription and a faster action at the cell membrane. The significance of the regulation and distribution of the estrogen synthesizing enzyme aromatase in the brain is also highlighted.
Download or read book Neurogenesis and Neural Plasticity written by Catherine Belzung and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together authors working on a wide range of topics to provide an up to date account of the underlying mechanisms and functions of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the adult brain. With an increasing understanding of the role of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis it is possible to envisage improvements or novel treatments for a number of diseases and the possibility of harnessing these phenomena to reduce the impact of ageing and to provide mechanisms to repair the brain.
Download or read book Estrogen Shapes Dopamine dependent Cognitive Processes written by Emily Christine Jacobs and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is exquisitely sensitive to its neurochemical environment. Minor fluctuations in cortical dopamine (DA) can profoundly alter working memory (WM), a PFC-dependent cognitive function that supports an array of essential human behaviors, from problem-solving to fluid intelligence. Dopamine's action in the PFC follows an inverted U-shaped curve, where an optimal DA level is necessary for maximal function and both insufficient and excessive DA activity impairs PFC processes. In animals, estrogen has been shown to increase dopaminergic activity, yet this relationship has not been demonstrated in humans. This suggests that working memory performance might be affected by estrogen's rhythmic changes throughout the menstrual cycle, and that baseline DA levels will influence the direction of estrogen's effect. In a series of cognitive genomic, neuroendocrine studies in healthy young women, we examined estrogen's impact on the performance of DA-dependent tasks as a function of COMT Val158Met genotype and COMT enzyme activity (indices of baseline DA). The results demonstrate that estrogen status impacts working memory function and, crucially, that the direction of the effect depends on an individual's COMT genotype and, at a finer scale, COMT enzyme activity, demonstrating a dependence on baseline DA. At a neural level, functional MRI revealed that cortical dopamine (shaped by a balance of genetic and hormonal factors) is associated with a broadly èfficient' pattern of sustained activity (that which occurs across WM blocks), and a selective, event-related enhancement of activity during episodes of high interference (e.g. lures), when the demand for cognitive control is greatest. Furthermore, the extent to which an individual enhances PFC activation during the demanding lure trials is predictive of their performance. Next, we used a visual selective attention paradigm to probe the effects of estrogen and COMT genotype on top-down, goal-directed modulation of neural activity in visual association cortices (VAC). We used a recently established metric of goal-directed ènhancement' and s̀uppression' that is sensitive to identifying group differences in VAC modulation. Scene-selective regions of interest (bilateral PPA) showed robust suppression and enhancement effects at the group level, which were dependent on task goals, but further analyses revealed an important difference between low and high estrogen groups. While both groups successfully enhanced PPA activity during the Remember Scenes condition above a perceptual baseline, only the high estrogen subjects were able to appropriately attenuate the processing of task-irrelevant scenes in the Ignore Scenes condition. This effect of estrogen on distracter filtering parallels the suppression deficit observed in older adults, and young adults when attentional resources are taxed. Furthermore, when attentional resources were imposed upon (during a dual-task condition in which two stimuli from different object categories must be attended to and maintained over a delay) low estrogen subjects succumbed to an ènhancement deficit', which has been shown to occur in young adults when attentional resources are limited. High estrogen subjects, however, were resilient to the high load condition. Thus, even when attentional/working memory resources were taxed, if estrogen levels were high women showed no evidence of strained top-down, goal-directed processing. When estrogen levels dropped (during the beginning of the cycle) the enhancement deficit emerged. Multivariate functional connectivity data assessing coherence between frontal control regions and visual association cortices revealed an estrogen*genotype interaction. Subjects with naturally reduced prefrontal DA (val/val genotype) showed greater top-down coherence when estrogen levels were high versus low; but subjects with naturally elevated prefrontal DA (met/met genotype) showed the opposite pattern, with the most robust coherence when estrogen levels were low. These data parallel the interaction observed in the N-back task, which both follow the theoretical inverted-U shaped DA model. In humans there has been a strong effort to understand the effects of estrogen on cognition, but the data have been inconsistent. This study establishes that taking baseline DA into account is pivotal to detecting the direction of estrogen's effect on working memory. The results carry direct ramifications for women's health, as the response to DA medications (e.g. Ritalin for attention-deficit disorder and l-DOPA for Parkinson's disease) may differ between men and women, and within women in different endocrine states. A man and woman's milieu differ; until we understand how we cannot fully understand neural processes as they unfold in the healthy state, less still in the diseased state.
