Download or read book Neurocognitive Functioning and Repetitive Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Andreas M. Grabrucker and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism spectrum disorders are developmental disorders. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders develop differently. These differences are usually present in social interaction, communication, and sensory processing, and become visible through a wide variety of behavioral responses that differ from individuals without autism spectrum disorders. Despite significant research efforts, the exact causes of autism spectrum disorders remain poorly understood; however, researchers have gained extensive insights into possible pathomechanisms, even at the molecular level of cells. Many diagnostic criteria have been developed, adapted, and improved. The eight chapters in this book highlight the current state-of-the-art in many areas of autism spectrum disorders. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders and the current knowledge of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Chapter 2 summarizes the diagnostic criteria and procedures and highlights present and upcoming therapeutic strategies. Chapter 3 reviews the adverse events and trauma in people with autism spectrum disorders. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on atypical sensory processing, and Chapter 6 discusses the genetic overlap of autism spectrum disorders with other neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and schizophrenia. Chapter 7 focuses on the contribution of abnormalities in mitochondria, and chapter 8 discusses gut-brain interactions and a potential role for microbiota in autism spectrum disorders. This book is aimed primarily at clinicians and scientists, but many areas will also be of interest to the layperson.
Download or read book Repetitive and Restricted Behaviors and Interests in Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Eynat Gal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-05 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines repetitive and restrictive behaviors and interests (RRBIs) affecting individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The various aspects of RRBIs, an umbrella term for a broad class of behaviors linked by repetition, rigidity, invariance, and inappropriateness to place and context are reviewed by an international team of expert leaders in the field. Key topics of coverage include: Neurological Mechanisms Underlying Repetitive: Animal and human models Underlying mechanisms of RRBs across typical and atypical development The relationship between RRBI and other characteristics of ASD (communication, social, sensory aspects) RRBIs and adults with ASD Diagnosing RRBIs An RRBI intervention model The book bridges the gap between the neurobiological and neurocognitive bodies of knowledge in relation to RRBIs and their behavioral aspects and examines associations with other domains of ASD. In addition, the volume addresses related assessment and treatment of RRBI in ASD. This is an essential resource for researchers, graduate students, clinicians and related therapists and professionals in developmental psychology, behavioral therapy/rehabilitation, social work, clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, pediatrics, occupational therapy and special education.
Download or read book Neurocognitive Functioning and Repetitive Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Suzanne Linda Macari and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Repetitive and Restricted Behaviors and Interests in Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Eynat Gal and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines repetitive and restrictive behaviors and interests (RRBIs) affecting individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The various aspects of RRBIs, an umbrella term for a broad class of behaviors linked by repetition, rigidity, invariance, and inappropriateness to place and context are reviewed by an international team of expert leaders in the field. Key topics of coverage include: Neurological Mechanisms Underlying Repetitive: Animal and human models Underlying mechanisms of RRBs across typical and atypical development The relationship between RRBI and other characteristics of ASD (communication, social, sensory aspects) RRBIs and adults with ASD Diagnosing RRBIs An RRBI intervention model The book bridges the gap between the neurobiological and neurocognitive bodies of knowledge in relation to RRBIs and their behavioral aspects and examines associations with other domains of ASD. In addition, the volume addresses related assessment and treatment of RRBI in ASD. This is an essential resource for researchers, graduate students, clinicians and related therapists and professionals in developmental psychology, behavioral therapy/rehabilitation, social work, clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, pediatrics, occupational therapy and special education. .
Download or read book Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM 5 written by American Psychiatric Association and published by American Psychiatric Publishing. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Brain Connectivity in Autism written by Rajesh K. Kana and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-09-23 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain's ability to process information crucially relies on connectivity. Understanding how the brain processes complex information and how such abilities are disrupted in individuals with neuropsychological disorders will require an improved understanding of brain connectivity. Autism is an intriguingly complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multidimensional symptoms and cognitive characteristics. A biological origin for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) had been proposed even in the earliest published accounts (Kanner, 1943; Asperger, 1944). Despite decades of research, a focal neurobiological marker for autism has been elusive. Nevertheless, disruptions in interregional and functional and anatomical connectivity have been a hallmark of neural functioning in ASD. Theoretical accounts of connectivity perceive ASD as a cognitive and neurobiological disorder associated with altered functioning of integrative circuitry. Neuroimaging studies have reported disruptions in functional connectivity (synchronization of activated brain areas) during cognitive tasks and during task-free resting states. While these insights are valuable, they do not address the time-lagged causality and directionality of such correlations. Despite the general promise of the connectivity account of ASD, inconsistencies and methodological differences among studies call for more thorough investigations. A comprehensive neurological account of ASD should incorporate functional, effective, and anatomical connectivity measures and test the diagnostic utility of such measures. In addition, questions pertaining to how cognitive and behavioral intervention can target connection abnormalities in ASD should be addressed. This research topic of the Frontiers in Human Neuroscience addresses “Brain Connectivity in Autism” primarily from cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging perspectives.
Download or read book A Comprehensive Understanding of Executive Impairments in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Man-Kuen Sonia Chan and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "A Comprehensive Understanding of Executive Impairments in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder" by Man-kuen, Sonia, Chan, 陳文娟, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neuro-developmental disorder characterized by a triad of impairments in social interaction, communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. For children with autism especially those with high functioning (HFA), it is common to discover from clinical observation and from care-givers' report that there are uneven performance in their cognitive profile and also executive difficulties. In recent years, there were enormous amount of researches attempting to delineate the cognitive deficits and the executive impairments in autism. Executive Functions (EF) was a widely studied construct in autism. The vast pool of researches establishes various focuses of investigation, including: (1) the biological level; (2) the cognitive level; (3) the task performance level; and (4) the everyday functioning level. Each of them has its own significance, and contributes distinctly in delineating the executive impairments in ASD. Taking into account the complexity of the EF construct and the far-reaching impacts it imposing on our everyday functioning, a comprehensive approach encompassing different levels of investigation in one research design is suggested to investigate the performance and specific areas of impairment of children with HFA in respective levels; and to explore the possible relationships between the levels of investigations. Methods: Forty aged 12-15 children participated in the research, twenty with HFA and twenty typically developing controls (TD), matched by gender, age and IQ. In the first part of the study, the participants were administered four traditional EF tasks including: inhibition, working memory, flexibility and planning to examine EF in the cognitive level. In the second part, they completed a novel multitasking test, the Battersea Multitask Paradigm (BMP) to examine executive difficulties in the task performance level. Parent ratings of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) were collected for further investigation of their executive difficulties in the daily functioning level. Results: The 3-levels of investigation demonstrated converged results in examining the executive ability of ASD. From the integrated analyses, more evidence was gained to speculate that the planning inefficiency of children with HFA was due to their inability to cognitively construct the plan rather than their ability to execute or implement the plan. In real-life situations, they have particular difficulties in time management, to prioritize multiple and interleaved tasks, and to coordinate intended actions for future goal attainment. Moreover, their cognitive inflexibility had a pattern of "get stuck" or perseverates on the same task till completion before moving onto the next task. Their inflexibility to switch seemed to be explained by the preference to follow a more structured kind of sequence or action, i.e. to persist and finish one task before moving to another one. They were actually excellent "rule follower," might not be as rigid of not willing to change. Significant positive relationships were only observed between the EF measures and Multitask variables. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5435546 Subjects: Children with autism spectrum disorders - Psychology
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Neurocognitive Development of Executive Functions and Implications for Intervention written by Alcantud-Marín, Francisco and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2022-03-18 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive functions develop during the first years of life and determine future learning and personal development. Executive dysfunction is related to various neurodevelopmental disorders, so its study is of great interest for intervention in children with neurotypical development and in those who have suffered a neurodevelopmental disorder. The Handbook of Research on Neurocognitive Development of Executive Functions and Implications for Intervention offers updated research on executive functions and their implication in psychoeducational intervention. It establishes a multidisciplinary context to discuss both intervention experience and research results in different areas of knowledge. Covering topics such as childhood inhibitory processing, mindfulness interventions, and language development, this major reference work is an excellent resource for psychologists, medical professionals, researchers, academicians, educators, and students.
Download or read book The Neuropsychology of Autism written by Deborah Fein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Neuropsychology of Autism provides an up-to-date summary on the neuropsychology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), written by leaders in the field. It summarizes current knowledge about neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, genetics, and clinical presentations and provides helpful discussions on key functions such as language, memory, attention, executive functions, social cognition, motor and sensory functioning.
Download or read book NEURO COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS written by Califano Annamaria immacolata and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout a person's life.It is characterized by persistent deficits in the communication, social interaction and behavioral areas (DSM 5, 2013). ASD includes a wide range, u201ca spectrumu201d of symptoms, skills, and levels of disability. The aim of neuropsychological assessment is to identify cognitive strengths and weaknesses, to assess their consequences in everyday life, and to organize appropriate support. Regarding the neuropsychological profile of subjects with autism, the international scientific literature has highlighted the presence of deficits in the following domains: attention, executive functions, language, learning and Memory, Sensorimotor Processing (Molly Losh et al 2009;Narzisi et al 2013; Fjola Hyseni 2018)Objectives: to compare the neuropsychological profile of 4 school-age children diagnosed with autism. Methods: The sample consists of 4 male children aged between 6 and 9 years. Tools used are Wisc-IV and BVN scale (battery for neuropsychological assessment in childhood).Results: All children with low functioning presented different cognitive profiles. More impairments were found in working memory, processing speed, executive functions, visual-spatial memory. Strength is represented by short term verbal memory.Conclusions: A comprehensive investigation of the neuropsychological strengths and weaknesses of children with autism may help to better describe their cognitive abilities and to design appropriate interventions, in order to improve the quality of life of these subjects.
Download or read book Autism as an Executive Disorder written by James Russell and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1997 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism continues to fascinate researchers because it is both debilitating in its effects and complex in its nature and origins. The prevalent theory is that autism is primarily characterised by difficulties in understanding mental concepts, but the contributors to this book present new andcompelling arguments for an alternative theory. Their research points strongly to the idea that autism is primarily a disorder of "executive functions", those involved in the control of action and thought. As such, the book provides a new and controversial perspective on this importantquestion.
Download or read book Learning and Cognition in Autism written by Eric Schopler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first-of-its-kind volume describes the cognitive and educational characteristics of people with autism. Leading experts in the field contribute papers to this book, explaining intervention techniques and strategies. Parents, researchers, professionals, and clinicians interested in educating people with autism will appreciate this volume.
Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorders written by David Amaral and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 1445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism is an emerging area of basic and clinical research, and has only recently been recognized as a major topic in biomedical research. Approximately 1 in 150 children are diagnosed as autistic, so it is also an intense growth area in behavioral and educational treatments. Financial resources have begun to be raised for more comprehensive research and an increasing number of scientists are becoming involved in autism research. In many respects, autism has become a model for conducting translational research on a psychiatric disorder. This text provides a comprehensive summary of all current knowledge related to the behavioral, experiential, and biomedical features of the autism spectrum disorders including major behavioral and cognitive syndromology, common co-morbid conditions, neuropathology, neuroimmunology, and other neurological correlates such as seizures, allergy and immunology, gastroenterology, infectious disease, and epidemiology. Edited by three leading researchers, this volume contains over 80 chapters and nine shorter commentaries by thought leaders in the field, making the book a virtual "who's who" of autism research. This carefully developed book is a comprehensive and authoritative reference for what we know in this area as well as a guidepost for the next several years in all areas of autism research.
Download or read book Relationship Between Repetitive Behaviors and Executive Function in High Functioning Children with Autism written by Lindsay E. Kester and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been theorized that impairments in executive function may contribute to the repetitive behavior symptomatology associated with ASD. This study further elucidates the nature of the relationship between ASD-related impairments in executive function and the manifestation of repetitive behavior. Specifically, we evaluated the hypothesis that the relationship between repetitive behaviors and task performance would be more evident in the presence of multiple executive demands (i.e., inhibitory control & task switching). 22 children (mean age: 14.4 years) with high functioning (IQ > 70) ASD performed an antisaccade task which assessed inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility concurrently and individually. The Repetitive Behavior Scale (RBS), a parent questionnaire that addresses the occurrence of a wide range of repetitive behaviors within the past month, was used to assess repetitive behavior symptomotology for this study. Hierarchical regression revealed significant relationships between repetitive behaviors and performance on conditions of the eye movement task which placed demands on multiple executive abilities. Conditions that required only a single executive ability were not significantly related to the RBS. The relationship between repetitive behavior and executive dysfunction appears to depend critically upon the introduction of multiple executive demands. Within this context however, increased task difficulty may also play a role in strengthening this relationship. Investigating this relationship is one future direction of this line of research.
Download or read book Phenomenology of Restricted Repetitive Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Laura Elizabeth Novak and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) placed a new emphasis on the clinical presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB). There is little research exploring the relationship between RRB and other patient characteristics in large well-characterized samples. This study used a comprehensive measure of RRB to determine how RRB relate to key demographic and clinical features such as gender, age, IQ, adaptive behavior, and problem behaviors. In addition, it examined the relationship between different RRB measures, and how these RRB measures relate to the severity of social communication (SC) symptoms. Data from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) were used to address these research aims. Correlations, ANCOVA, and logistical regressions were conducted using a sample of 2,759 children with ASD. Analyses revealed varying relationships between RRB and gender, IQ, and problem behaviors. Males were more likely to obtain higher scores on subscales measuring stereotypy and restricted interests. Across full-scale, nonverbal, and verbal IQ, individuals with lower IQ scores were more likely to be reported to have higher rates of all RRBS with the exception of ritualistic/sameness behaviors. Most problem behavior subscales were significantly related to all RRB measures except for the ADOS RRB scores. Results from the regression analyses suggest that overall RRB symptom measures differ in their ability to predict SC criteria. Implications for the current literature, understanding and diagnosis of ASD are discussed and directions for future research suggested.
Download or read book International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders written by Johnny L. Matson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-16 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1940s, when first identified as childhood psychosis and autistic psychopathy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has continued to burgeon into a major focus of inquiry and interest among researchers, practitioners, and the public alike. With each passing decade, the number of scholarly articles addressing ASD and related disabilities continues to soar. Today, thousands of papers on autism are published annually across various disciplines and journals, making it challenging – if not impossible – to keep pace with, let alone synthesize, all the latest developments. Based on a solid historical foundation of autism theory and research, the International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders integrates the broad scholarly base of literature with a trenchant analysis of the state of the field in nosology, etiology, assessment, and treatment. Its expert contributors examine recent findings and controversies (e.g., how prevalent autism actually is), along with longstanding topics of interest as well as emerging issues. Coverage includes: A survey of diagnostic criteria and assessment strategies. Genetic, behavioral, biopsychosocial, and cognitive models. Psychiatric disorders in persons with ASD. Theory of mind and facial recognition. Diagnostic instruments for assessing core features and challenging behaviors. Evidence-based psychosocial, pharmacological, and integrative treatments. Interventions specifically for adults with ASD. Training issues for professionals and parents. A review of findings of successful and promising therapies, coupled with guidance on how to distinguish between dubious and effective treatments. The International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders is an indispensable resource for researchers, professors, graduate students, and allied practitioners in clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, education, social work, rehabilitation, pediatric medicine, and developmental psychology.
