Download or read book Neural Crest and Placodes written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Crest and Placodes provides in-depth coverage of the topic, including information on their critical role in vertebrate development, evolution, and the way defects in their development underlie a wide range of congenital disorders. It delves deep into advances made in our understanding of the mechanisms governing the formation, migration, and differentiation of these two cell populations, also discussing their integration during embryonic development. The text highlights the application of fundamental knowledge in investigating the etiology and pathogenesis of congenital disorders and the ways the data applies to the field of regenerative medicine. Written by leading experts in the field Includes descriptions of the most recent advances in the field Highlights the applications of this knowledge in investigating the etiology and pathogenesis of congenital disorders Explores their usage in the field of regenerative medicine
Download or read book Cranial Placodes and Neural Crest Interactions in Craniofacial Development written by Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-16 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Induction and Segregation of the Vertebrate Cranial Placodes written by Byung-Yong Park and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During evolution the vertebrate head has acquired a number of unique features including specialized paired sense organs and cranial sensory ganglia. These evolutionary novelties arise from discrete thickenings of the head ectoderm known as cranial placodes. They include the adenohypophyseal, olfactory, lens, trigeminal, profundal, otic, epibranchial and lateral line placodes. While distinct in the derivatives and cell types they will form, all cranial placodes originate from a common preplacodal domain surrounding the anterior neural plate. Recent evidence suggests that the induction of this pre-placodal domain and its subsequent subdivision into individual placodes with specific identities is a multi-step process. Here we describe the development of these placodes and their derivatives and summarize recent advances in the characterization of the repertoire of transcription factors underlying their development. We also review recent studies that have started to address the role of several classes of signaling molecules in placode induction and segregation, including Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Fibroblast Growth Factors and Wnt molecules. Table of Contents: Introduction / Cranial Placodes and Their Derivatives / Molecular Identity of Cranial Placodes / Induction and Segregation of the Cranial Placodes / Conclusion / Acknowledgments / References / Author Biographies
Download or read book Cephalic Neural Crest and Placodes written by C.D.A. Verwoerd and published by Springer. This book was released on 1979-11-01 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 3-4 week human embryos, the ectoderm covering the head shows considerable re gional differences in both structure and thickness. The temporary appearance of circumscribed areas of relatively thick ectoderm has been observed in embryos of a variety of vertebrates. These areas, discovered by Van Wijhe (1882) in fish embryos, were called placodes by Von Kupffer (1894). These placodes have been studied extensively in embryos of lower vertebrates, probably be cause they can be clearly distinguished in these animals and are readily accessible for experiments. Areas of thick ectoderm in human embryos, first described by Bartelmez and Evans (1926), cover nearly the entire lateral side of the primordium of the head, but do not seem to be identical with the above-mentioned placodes. In human embryos, and in mammalian embryos in general, the placodes are probably part of these larger regions of thick ectoderm. Only incomplete and contradictory data are to be found in the literature on both the origin and development of the areas of thin and thick ectoderm. The relationship between placodes and the larger regions of thick ectoderm has scar cely been studied. In the research described here, some aspects of the problem of the initial develop ment of the ectoderm of the head were studied more closely. In addition, attention was also paid to the general morphology of the young mouse embryo to supplement a previous study (Snell, 1941).
Download or read book Development of Sensory and Neurosecretory Cell Types written by Gerhard Schlosser and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the cranial sense organs of vertebrates arise from embryonic structures known as cranial placodes. Such placodes also give rise to sensory neurons that transmit information to the brain as well as to many neurosecretory cells. This book focuses on the development of sensory and neurosecretory cell types from cranial placodes by introducing the vertebrate head with its sense organs and neurosecretory organs and providing an overview of the various cranial placodes and their derivatives, including evidence of common embryonic primordia. Schlosser discusses how these primordia are established in the early embryo and how individual placodes develop. The latter chapters explain how various placodally derived sensory and neurosecretory cell types differentiate into discrete structures.
Download or read book Vertebrate Cranial Placodes written by GERHARD. SCHLOSSER and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the cranial sense organs of vertebrates arise from embryonic structures known as cranial placodes. Such placodes also give rise to sensory neurons that transmit information to the brain as well as to many neurosecretory cells. This book focuses on the development of sensory and neurosecretory cell types from cranial placodes by introducing the vertebrate head with its sense organs and neurosecretory organs and providing an overview of the various cranial placodes and their derivatives, including evidence of common embryonic primordia. Schlosser discusses how these primordia are established in the early embryo and how individual placodes develop. The latter chapters explain how various placodally derived sensory and neurosecretory cell types differentiate into discrete structures.
Download or read book The Evolutionary Origins of Neural Crest and Placodes written by Philip Barron Abitua and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sudden appearance of neural crest and neurogenic placodes in early branching vertebrates has puzzled biologists for over a century. These embryonic tissues contribute to the development of the cranium and associated sensory organs, which were crucial for the evolution of the vertebrate head. The evolution of neural crest and neurogenic placodes has been postulated as a key event leading to the appearance of new cell types that fostered the transition from filter feeding to active predation in ancestral vertebrates. However, the evolutionary origin of neural crest and neurogenic placodes has remained obscure due to the lack of embryonic data from tunicates, the closest living relative to the vertebrates. We provide evidence that the tunicate Ciona intestinalis possesses a cephalic melanocyte lineage (a9.49) similar to neural crest that can be reprogrammed into migrating ectomesenchyme by the targeted misexpression of Twist. Our results suggest that the neural crest melanocyte regulatory network predated the divergence of tunicates and vertebrates. We propose that the co-option of mesenchyme determinants, such as Twist, into the neural plate ectoderm was crucial for the emergence of the vertebrate "new head". Furthermore, we show that Ciona intestinalis possesses a preplacodal ectoderm (PPE) that is specified by a BMP antagonist and expresses the key regulatory determinant Six1/2, a developmental program conserved across vertebrates. The Ciona PPE is shown to produce ciliated neurons that express gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a G protein-coupled receptor for relaxin-3 (RXFP3), and a functional cyclic nucleotide gated channel (CNGA), suggestive of dual chemosensory and neurosecretory activities. These observations provide the first evidence that Ciona possesses a neurogenic placode, which produces multifunctional sensory and neurosecretory cells related to those derived from olfactory placodes of vertebrates. In vertebrates, GnRH neuroblasts are first formed in the olfactory placode and use the axon tracts of chemosensory neurons to guide them to their final destination in the hypothalamus. Tracing experiments have shown that olfactory and GnRH neurons form a direct neuronal circuit. We speculate that the PPE-derived neurons in Ciona resemble an ancestral cell type, a progenitor to the complex neuronal circuit that integrates sensory information and neuroendocrine control in vertebrates.
Download or read book Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS written by J. Begbie and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development written by Brian L. Nelms and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neural crest is a remarkable embryonic population of cells found only in vertebrates and has the potential to give rise to many different cell types contributing throughout the body. These derivatives range from the mesenchymal bone and cartilage comprising the facial skeleton, to neuronal derivatives of the peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous systems, to melanocytes throughout the body, and to smooth muscle of the great arteries of the heart. For these cells to correctly progress from an unspecifi ed, nonmigratory population to a wide array of dynamic, differentiated cell types-some of which retain stem cell characteristics presumably to replenish these derivatives-requires a complex network of molecular switches to control the gene programs giving these cells their defi ning structural, enzymatic, migratory, and signaling capacities. This review will bring together current knowledge of neural crest-specifi c transcription factors governing these progressions throughout the course of development. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional control in differentiation will aid in strategies designed to push undifferentiated cells toward a particular lineage, and unraveling these processes will help toward reprogramming cells from a differentiated to a more naive state. Table of Contents: Introduction / AP Genes / bHLH Genes / ETS Genes / Fox Genes / Homeobox Genes / Hox Genes / Lim Genes / Pax Genes / POU Domain Genes / RAR/RXR Genes / Smad Genes / Sox Genes / Zinc Finger Genes / Other Miscellaneous Genes / References / Author Biographies
Download or read book Neural Crest Cells written by Paul Trainor and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Crest Cells: Evolution, Development and Disease summarizes discoveries of historical significance and provides in-depth, current analyses of the evolution of neural crest cells, their contribution to embryo development, and their roles in disease. In addition, prospects for tissue engineering, repair and regeneration are covered, offering a timely synthesis of the current knowledge in neural crest cell research. A comprehensive resource on neural crest cells for researchers studying cell biology, developmental biology, stem cells and neurobiology, Neural Crest Cells: Evolution, Development and Disease provides foundational information needed for students , practicing physicians and dentists treating patients with craniofacial defects. BMA Medical Book Awards 2014 - Highly Commended,Basic and Clinical Sciences,2014, British Medical Association Provides timely, comprehensive synthesis of the current knowledge of neural crest cells Covers the evolution and development of neural crest cells Includes content on applications for tissue engineering, repair and regeneration
Download or read book The Neural Crest and Neural Crest Cells in Vertebrate Development and Evolution written by Brian K. Hall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-28 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A presentation of all aspects of neural crest cell origins (embryological and evolutionary) development and evolution; neural crest cell behavior (migration) and anomalies (neurocristopathies and birth defects) that arise from defective neural crest development. The treatment of development will include discussions of cellular, molecular and genetic aspects of the differentiation and morphogenesis of neural crest cells and structures derived from neural crest cells. The origins of the neural crest in embryology will be discussed using the recent information on the molecular basis of the specification of the neural crest. Also presented are the advances in our understanding of the evolution of jaws from studies on lampreys and of the neural crest from studies on ascidians and amphioxus.
Download or read book Development of the Autonomic Nervous System written by Katherine Elliott and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.
Download or read book Mayo Clinic Medical Neurosciences written by Eduardo E. Benarroch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated and revised according to student feedback, the sixth edition of Mayo Clinic Medical Neurosciences: Organized by Neurologic System and Level provides a systematic approach to anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system inspired by the neurologist's approach to solving clinical problems. This volume has 4 sections: 1) an overview of the neurosciences necessary for understanding anatomical localization and pathophysiologic characterization of neurologic disorders; 2) an approach to localizing lesions in the 7 longitudinal systems of the nervous system; 3) an approach to localizing lesions in the 4 horizontal levels of the nervous system; and 4) a collection of clinical problems. This book provides the neuroscience framework to support the neurologist in a clinical setting and is also a great resource for neurology and psychiatry board certifications. This is the perfect guide for all medical students and neurology, psychiatry, and physical medicine residents at early stages of training. New to This Edition - A chapter devoted to multiple-choice questions for self-assessment - Discussion of emerging concepts in molecular, cellular, and system neurosciences - New chapters on emotion and consciousness systems - Incorporation of new discoveries in neuroimaging and an appendix for tables of medications commonly used to treat neurologic disorders
Download or read book Evolution and Development of Fishes written by Zerina Johanson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World-class palaeontologists and biologists summarise the state-of-the-art on fish evolution and development.
Download or read book Neural Crest Induction and Differentiation written by Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-28 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an international panel of recognized leaders in the field, Neural Crest Induction and Differentiation discusses all aspects of modern neural crest biology from its evolutionary significance to its specification, migration, plasticity and contribution to multiple lineages of the vertebrate body, to the pathologies associated with abnormal neural crest development and function. Abundant color figures enhance the text providing clear and attractive illustrations of central issues and concepts.
Download or read book The Neural Crest written by Nicole Le Douarin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-11-28 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1999 edition of The Neural Crest contains comprehensive information about the neural crest, a structure unique to the vertebrate embryo, which has only a transient existence in early embryonic life. The ontogeny of the neural crest embodies the most important issues in developmental biology, as the neural crest is considered to have played a crucial role in evolution of the vertebrate phylum. Data that analyse neural crest ontogeny in murine and zebrafish embryos have been included in this revision. This revised edition also takes advantage of recent advances in our understanding of markers of neural crest cell subpopulations, and a full chapter is now devoted to cell lineage analysis. The major research breakthrough since the first edition has been the introduction of molecular biology to neural crest research, enabling an elucidation of many molecular mechanisms of neural crest development. This book is essential reading for students and researchers in developmental biology, cell biology, and neuroscience.
Download or read book Craniofacial Development The Tissue and Molecular Interactions That Control Development of the Head written by Philippa H. Francis-West and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Craniofacial development is a multistep and intricate process initially involving a number of inductive interactions that control neural and neural crest development, which are followed by a series of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that control outgrowth, patterning, and skeletal differentiation. Certain aspects of craniofacial development are unique developmental processes in higher vertebrates. First, in higher vertebrates the cranial neural crest, in contrast to the trunk neural crest, gives rise to the skeletal structures. These skeletal elements include those comprising mem brane bone and secondary cartilage, which with the exception of the clavicle are tissue types found exclusively in the head in higher vertebrates. Second, with the exception of the tongue, the origin of the musculature is distinct from other regions of the body. The body and tongue muscles are formed from the segmented epithelial somites whilst the head musculature is formed from unsegmented paraxial and prechordal mesoderm. Furthermore, the signalling cascades that control myogenic differentia tion appear to be distinct as determined by gene expression and the response of myogenic cells to growth factors. Finally, the neurogenic placodes, which give rise to the sensory organs and some cranial ganglia, are only found in the head. Over recent years, there have been significant advances in our knowledge of the molecular proc esses that control craniofacial development in a number of animal models. This has given insight into the genes that control many aspects of head development from the initial induction of the head to the final stages of differentiation.
