Download or read book Nemoral European Beech and Oak Forests Under Climate Change written by Jan Alois Kasper and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming and increasing drought severity are exposing temperate forests to higher stress levels, challenging forest management in the 21st century. With a projected warming by 2-3 K until 2070, silvicultural adaptation measures and natural succession might lead to the replacement of European beech forests by thermophilic oak forests in drought- and heat-affected regions of Central Europe. According to RCP scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), parts of western Romania, where beech naturally occurs at its dry-warm distribution limit, are climatically analogue to predictions for large r...
Download or read book Functioning and Management of European Beech Ecosystems written by Rainer Brumme and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-07 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperate forests cover large areas of Europe and perform a number of important functions such as the regulation of energy and matter, production of wood and other resources, and conservation of biodiversity and habitats; they also have special signi?cance in social and cultural contexts. Initiated in 1960s, the ?rst International Biological Program (IBP) focused on ‘‘the biological basis of productivity and human welfare. ’’ As the German contribution to the IBP, ecosystem research has been carried out since 1966 in the Solling area (Ellenberg H. , Ecological Studies 2, 1971), an upland region in Northwest Germany. This study provided clear evidence that the stability of forest ecosystems was threatened by the high inputs of at- spheric pollutants. This promoted many interdisciplinary research programs which were coordinated by Prof. Dr. Bernhard Ulrich and the Forest Ecosystems Research Center of the University of Go ̈ttingen. This involved, in addition to the Solling site, the establishment of two other sites for long-term monitoring of ecosystem pro- ̈ cesses. The two contrasting sites were established in 1980 at Gottinger Wald on base-rich calcareous soil and in 1989 at Zierenberg on volcanic soil. These projects were funded initially by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMBF) as interdisciplinary projects under the titles: ‘‘Conditions of Stability of Forest Ecosystems’’ (1989–1993), and ‘‘Dynamics of Forest Ecos- tems’’ (1993–1998). The primary goal of these studies was to quantify the ecolo- cal condition of forests in a changing environment and element ?uxes.
Download or read book Life in Europe Under Climate Change written by Joseph Alcamo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-23 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life in Europe will indeed go on as the climate changes, but not in the same way as before. The air will be warmer, winds will change, patterns of rainfall and snowfall will alter, and sea level is likely to rise. These phenomena are already being seen. Europe will in the future experience marked changes in vegetation cover, increased floods along rivers and coastlines as well as more frequent droughts and forest fires, often leading to large societal costs. The changes will be minor in some cases, profound in others, but in any case, pervasive. This book uses the most up to date information issued by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), and informs readers about these effects, as well as showing how Europe is contributing to attempts to slow the tempo of global climate change, and how it can adapt to the climate change that seems unavoidable. Life in Europe under Climate Change makes essential information on climate impacts in Europe accessible to a broad audience, including students, politicians, planners and members of non-governmental organizations.
Download or read book Climate change driven Growth Decline of European Beech Forests written by Edurne Martinez del Castillo and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The growth of past, present, and future forests was, is and will be affected by climate variability. This multifaceted relationship has been assessed in several regional studies, but spatially resolved, large-scale analyses are largely missing so far. Here we estimate recent changes in growth of 5800 beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from 324 sites, representing the full geographic and climatic range of species. Future growth trends were predicted considering state-of-the-art climate scenarios. The validated models indicate growth declines across large region of the distribution in recent decades, and project severe future growth declines ranging from −20% to more than −50% by 2090, depending on the region and climate change scenario (i.e. CMIP6 SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). Forecasted forest productivity losses are most striking towards the southern distribution limit of Fagus sylvatica, in regions where persisting atmospheric high-pressure systems are expected to increase drought severity. The projected 21st century growth changes across Europe indicate serious ecological and economic consequences that require immediate forest adaptation
Download or read book Response of European Beech to Decreasing Summer Precipitation Under Global Climate Change written by Florian Knutzen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming-related summer precipitation reduction represents a major threat on tree vitality and persistence and hence on forest productivity over large parts of the temperate zone. European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is the most important broadleaf tree species of Central Europe's natural forest vegetation and one of the economically most important trees in Germany. Although this forest tree shows a wide tolerance toward a wide range of climatic and edaphic growing conditions, beech is known to be drought sensitive. Accordingly, the future role of F. sylvatica in Europe is under contro...
Download or read book Functioning and Management of European Beech Ecosystems written by Rainer Brumme and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-04 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperate forests cover large areas of Europe and perform a number of important functions such as the regulation of energy and matter, production of wood and other resources, and conservation of biodiversity and habitats; they also have special signi?cance in social and cultural contexts. Initiated in 1960s, the ?rst International Biological Program (IBP) focused on ‘‘the biological basis of productivity and human welfare. ’’ As the German contribution to the IBP, ecosystem research has been carried out since 1966 in the Solling area (Ellenberg H. , Ecological Studies 2, 1971), an upland region in Northwest Germany. This study provided clear evidence that the stability of forest ecosystems was threatened by the high inputs of at- spheric pollutants. This promoted many interdisciplinary research programs which were coordinated by Prof. Dr. Bernhard Ulrich and the Forest Ecosystems Research Center of the University of Go ̈ttingen. This involved, in addition to the Solling site, the establishment of two other sites for long-term monitoring of ecosystem pro- ̈ cesses. The two contrasting sites were established in 1980 at Gottinger Wald on base-rich calcareous soil and in 1989 at Zierenberg on volcanic soil. These projects were funded initially by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMBF) as interdisciplinary projects under the titles: ‘‘Conditions of Stability of Forest Ecosystems’’ (1989–1993), and ‘‘Dynamics of Forest Ecos- tems’’ (1993–1998). The primary goal of these studies was to quantify the ecolo- cal condition of forests in a changing environment and element ?uxes.
Download or read book Ecophysiology of root systems environment interaction written by Boris Rewald and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a scarcity of detailed information regarding the ecophysiology of root systems and the way root system functioning is affected by both internal and external factors. Furthermore, global climate change is expected to increase the intensity of climate extremes, such as severe drought, heat waves and periods of heavy rainfall; in addition other stresses such as salinization of soils are increasing world-wide. Recently an increasing awareness has developed that understanding plant traits will play a major role in breeding of future crop plants. For example, there is increasing evidence that the traits of root systems are defined by the properties of individual roots. However, further knowledge on the functional importance of root segments and the molecular/physiological mechanisms underlying root system functioning and persistence is needed, and would specifically allow modifying (crop) root system functionality and efficiency in the future. Another major gap in knowledge is localized at the root-soil interface and in regard to the potential adaptive plasticity of root-rhizosphere interactions under abiotic stress and/or competition. It is currently unknown whether adaptations in microbe communities occur, for example due to modified exudation rates, and what are the subsequent influences on nutrient mobilization and uptake. Furthermore, uncovering the mechanisms by which roots perceive neighboring roots may not only contribute to our understanding of plant developmental strategies, but also has important implications on the study of competitive interactions in natural communities, and in optimizing plant performance and resource use in agricultural and silvicultural systems. In this Research Topic, we aimed to provide an on-line, open-access snapshot of the current state of the art of the field of root ecology and physiology, with special focus on the translation of root structure to function, and how root systems are influenced by interplay with internal and external factors such as abiotic stress, microbes and plant-plant interaction. We welcomed original research papers, but reviews of specific topics, articles formulating opinions or describing cutting-edge methods were also gladly accepted.
Download or read book The Future of European Beech in Northern Germany climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Potential written by Christoph Leuschner and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Earth's forests are increasingly exposed to climate risks through climate change-related drought and heat waves. Here, we review the climate vulnerability of European beech (Fagus sylvatica), the most abundant tree species of Central Europe's temperate forests, and its adaptation potential to a hotter and drier climate in northern Germany, close to the center of the species' distribution range. About two-thirds of the studied beech forests show persistent negative growth trends of their dominant trees since the onset of rapid warming in the early 1980s, driven primarily by long-term deterioration of the climatic water balance (CWB) in summer and, locally, long-term decrease in June precipitation. Lower water storage capacity of the soil increases the climate sensitivity of growth. Even though beech populations of drier sub-regions reveal some acclimation to drought (reduced stomatal conductance, turgor loss point reduction, higher C allocation to roots), they are more climate-vulnerable than populations at moister sites, visible in larger growth decreases and greater CWB sensitivity of growth. Even though beech mortality is still lower in the study region than in other parts of Central Europe, our results identify beech forest regions with
Download or read book Climate Change Impairs Nitrogen Cycling in European Beech Forests written by Michael Dannenmann and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Change written by Richard J. Huggett and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Changepresents an introductory exploration of past, present and future change in the environment. Combining the ecological and evolutionary approaches brought forth in his related title,Geoecology, Huggett introduces the interconnected aspects of the natural environment--ecological, geological and cosmic--and the dynamic nature of the environmental system. The book examines human-environment interaction, and biological and physical evidence and causes of environmental change over a range of timescales. Exploring rates and directions of change, Huggett postulates an unending adaption of the ecosphere and its parts to ever-changing circumstances, including those triggered by human actions, and looks towards likely environmental changes in the future.
Download or read book Ecology and Conservation of Forest Birds written by Grzegorz Mikusiński and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative review of the ecology of forest birds and their conservation issues throughout the Northern Hemisphere.
Download or read book Prospects for Climate Change Mitigation of Scots Pine and European Beech Forests written by Agnes Julia Förster and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The historic large-scale forest conversion in the northern German lowlands resulted in a man-made dominance of Scots pine, in a landscape that would naturally be dominated by forests of European beech. Since drawbacks of pure pine forests such as their susceptibility to calamities have become clear, re-conversion to mixed and broadleaf stands has been promoted. Consequently, the share of pine is progressively declining in German forests. Nevertheless, planting pine is still a popular option from a silvicultural perspective, due to its rapid growth especially at young age, its ability to gro...
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Fine Root Distribution Growth of European Beech Norway Spruce and Douglas fir in Pure and Mixed Stands with Beech Under Different Site Conditions written by Amani Saul Lwila and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major challenge of forest management globally is to manage forests in such a way that aspects of wood production and forest conservation are combined in order to have pro-ductive and stable forests that continuously provide multiple ecosystem goods and ser-vices. As a result of climate change, dry periods during summer are expected to occur more frequently and with higher intensity. The evaporative demand for forests will in-crease, increasing stress and leading to forest decline. In Europe, the evidence for climate change and its severe impacts on forest ecosystems has prompted intense...
Download or read book Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin written by BACC Author Team and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-22 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an up-to-date overview of the latest scientific findings in regional climate research on the Baltic Sea basin. This includes climate changes in the recent past, climate projections up until 2100 using the most sophisticated regional climate models available, and an assessment of climate change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. The authors demonstrate that the regional climate has already started to change, and will continue to do so.
Download or read book Effects of Climate and Forest Management on the Water and Nitrogen Status of European Beech Regeneration and Understorey Vegetation written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activities result in climate changes with various impacts on forest ecosystems. An increase in global surface temperature, compared to pre-industrial levels, is already recorded and further elevation is expected. Extreme events, such as hot and dry periods, would increase in frequency and duration in near future. Due to the low adaptive capacity of forest ecosystems to rapid climate changes, high priority is given to the assessment of their responses. Particularly, studies on forests dominated by the drought susceptible European beech, especially when grown on limestone-derived soils with low water storage capacity, being common in Central and Southern Europe, are important. Moreover, climate models emphasize the significance of management practices for the adaptation to the expected changes, since they could contribute to the mitigation of possible adverse effects of climate change. The present study assessed the effects of different climatic conditions on the nitrogen and water status of natural beech regeneration grown in managed (thinned) and not managed (control) stands in a forest in Southern Germany. A SW-exposed site, characterized by low water availability and high temperature and radiation interception, was regarded as representative of the climate conditions expected in the future, whereas a NE-exposed site was used as typical of present climatic conditions. In parallel, controlled greenhouse-experiments enabled an in depth assessment of the effects of thinning-induced increases in understorey vegetation density on growth of beech regeneration. It was concluded that thinning favours the N and water status of beech regeneration under the current climatic conditions. However, if prolonged drought periods and warming occur in near future, application of this practise could intensify the reverse effects of such suboptimal conditions and impair the establishment and growth of natural regeneration in European beech grown on limestone.
Download or read book Consequences of Enriching European Beech Forests with Non native Douglas Fir for Generalist Arthropod Predator Diversity Abundance and Pest Control written by Dragan Matevski and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As anthropogenic climate induced stress leads to biodiversity loss and an increase in the frequency and severity of pest outbreaks, forest management in Central Europe is looking for ways to balance demands of biodiversity conservation and economic utility. To fulfil these demands Central European forestry is shifting from monoculture plantations to mixtures with phylogenetically distant deciduous and coniferous tree species which have been show to promote biodiversity and top-down control. Furthermore, the utilization of non-native Douglas fir, which combines climate change adaptability an...
Download or read book The Role of Agriculture in Climate Change Mitigation written by Lucjan Pawlowski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-07 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to IPCC reports, one of the greatest threats to the Earth ecosystems is climate change caused by the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, mostly carbon dioxide, mainly from the combustion of fossil fuels, cement production and land-use change which leads to an excessive temperature rise. Agriculture and forestry are responsible for quiet big emissions of greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4 and N2O, and have significant potential to reduce these emissions mainly through enhancement of CO2 absorption by terrestrial ecosystems. To evaluate the impact of agriculture on climate change, ruminant farming should be also taken into account. These animals emit considerable amounts of methane which has strong greenhouse effects. Methane emissions may be reduced by using appropriate feed for ruminants. Decreasing the meat consumption of these animals can also make an important contribution to reducing methane emissions. The methods for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through appropriate management of terrestrial ecosystems and animal husbandry are widely discussed in The Role of Agriculture in Climate Change Mitigation. The book will be of interest to academics, professionals and policy makers in environmental sciences.
