Download or read book Measures for Community and Neighborhood Research written by Mary L. Ohmer and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measures for Community and Neighborhood Research is the first book of its kind to compile measures focused on communities and neighborhoods in one accessible resource. Organized into two main sections, the first provides the rationale, structure and purpose, and analysis of methodological issues, along with a conceptual and theoretical framework; the second section contains 10 chapters that synthesize, analyze, and describe measures for community and neighborhood research, with tables that summarize highlighted measures. The book will get readers thinking about which aspects of the neighborhood may be most important to measure in different research designs and also help researchers, practitioners, funders, and others more closely examine the impact of their work in communities and neighborhoods.

Download or read book Neighbourhood Effects or Neighbourhood Based Problems written by David Manley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume critically examines the link between area based policies, neighbourhood based problems, and neighbourhood effects: the idea that living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods has a negative effect on residents’ life chances over and above the effect of their individual characteristics. Over the last few decades, Western governments have persistently pursued area based policies to fight such effects, despite a lack of evidence that they exist, or that these policies make a difference. The first part of this book presents case studies of perceived neighbourhood based problems in the domains of crime; health; educational outcomes; and employment. The second part of the book presents an international overview of the policies that different governments have implemented in response to these neighbourhood based problems, and discusses the theoretical and conceptual processes behind place based policy making. Case studies are drawn from a diverse range of countries including the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Australia, Canada, and the USA.

Download or read book Measures for Community and Neighborhood Research written by Mary L. Ohmer and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measures for Community and Neighborhood Research, by Mary L. Ohmer, Claudia Coulton, Darcy A. Freedman, Joanne L. Sobeck, and Jaime Booth, is the first book of its kind to compile measures focused on communities and neighborhoods in one accessible resource. Organized into two main sections, the first provides the rationale, structure and purpose, and analysis of methodological issues, along with a conceptual and theoretical framework; the second section contains 10 chapters that synthesize, analyze, and describe measures for community and neighborhood research, with tables that summarize highlighted measures. The book will get readers thinking about which aspects of the neighborhood may be most important to measure in different research designs and also help researchers, practitioners, funders, and others more closely examine the impact of their work in communities and neighborhoods.

Download or read book Progress in Pattern Recognition Image Analysis and Applications written by Manuel Lazo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-10-24 with total page 1114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CIARP 2005 (10th Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition, X CIARP) is the 10th event in the series of pioneer congresses on pattern recognition in the Iberoamerican community, which takes place in La Habana, Cuba. As in previous years, X CIARP brought together international scientists to promote and disseminate ongoing research and mathematical methods for pattern recognition, image analysis, and applications in such diverse areas as computer vision, robotics, industry, health, entertainment, space exploration, telecommunications, data mining, document analysis, and natural language processing and recognition, to name a few. Moreover, X CIARP was a forum for scientific research, experience exchange, share of new knowledge and increase in cooperation between research groups in pattern recognition, computer vision and related areas. The 10th Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition was organized by the Cuban Association for Pattern Recognition (ACRP) and sponsored by the Institute of Cybernetics, Mathematics and Physics (ICIMAF), the Advanced Technologies Application Center (CENATAV), the University of Oriente (UO), the Polytechnic Institute “José A Echevarria” (ISPJAE), the Central University of Las Villas (UCLV), the Ciego de Avila University (UNICA), as well as the Center of Technologies Research on Information and Systems (CITIS-UAEH) in Mexico. The conference was also co-sponsored by the Portuguese Association for Pattern Recognition (APRP), the Spanish Association for Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (AERFAI), the Special Interest Group of the Brazilian Computer Society (SIGPR-SBC), and the Mexican Association for Computer Vision, Neurocomputing and Robotics (MACVNR). X CIARP was endorsed by the International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR).

Download or read book Structural Syntactic and Statistical Pattern Recognition written by Ana Fred and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-10-29 with total page 1186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains all papers presented at SSPR 2004 and SPR 2004, hosted by the Instituto de Telecomunicac ̃ ̧oes/Instituto Superior T ́ ecnico, Lisbon, Portugal, August 18-20, 2004. This was the fourth time that the two workshops were held back-to-back. The SSPR was the tenth International Workshop on Structural and Synt- tic Pattern Recognition, and the SPR was the ?fth International Workshop on Statistical Techniques in Pattern Recognition. These workshops have traditi- ally been held in conjunction with ICPR (International Conference on Pattern Recognition), and are the major events for technical committees TC2 and TC1, respectively, of the International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR). The workshops were closely coordinated, being held in parallel, with plenary talks and a common session on hybrid systems. This was an attempt to resolve thedilemmaofhowto dealwiththeneedfornarrow-focusspecializedworkshops yet accommodate the presentation of new theories and techniques that blur the distinction between the statistical and the structural approaches. A total of 219 papers were received from many countries, with the subm- sion and reviewing processes being carried out separately for each workshop. A total of 59 papers were accepted for oral presentation and 64 for posters. In - dition, four invited speakers presented informative talks and overviews of their research. They were: Alberto Sanfeliu, from the Technical University of Cata- nia, Spain; Marco Gori, from the University of Siena, Italy; Nello Cristianini, from the University of California, USA; and Erkki Oja, from Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, winner of the 2004 Pierre Devijver Award.

Download or read book Measures of Community Resilience for Local Decision Makers written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2012 National Research Council report, Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative, identified the development and use of resilience measures as critical to building resilient communities. Although many kinds of resilience measures and measuring tools have and continue to be developed, very few communities consistently use them as part of their planning or resilience building efforts. Since federal or top-down programs to build resilience often yield mixed results, bottom-up approaches are needed, but are often difficult for communities to implement alone. A major challenge for many communities in developing their own approaches to resilience measures is identifying a starting point and defining the process. Other challenges include lack of political will due to competing priorities and limited resources, finite time and staff to devote to developing resilience measures, lack of data availability and/or inadequate data sharing among community stakeholders, and a limited understanding of hazards and/or risks. Building on existing work, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a workshop in July 2015 to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and information about ways to advance the development and implementation of resilience measures by and within diverse communities. Participants worked to gain a better understanding of the challenges these communities face in the pursuit of resilience and determine whether the approach used during this workshop can help guide communities in their efforts to build their own measures of resilience. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Download or read book Health Inequalities written by Katherine E. Smith and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-26 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informed by a wealth of available research, between 1997 and 2010, the UK Labour government introduced a raft of policies to reduce health inequalities. Despite this, by most measures, the UK's health inequalities have continued to widen. This failure has prompted calls for new approaches to health inequalities research and some consensus that public health researchers ought to be more actively involved in 'public health advocacy'. Yet there is currently no agreement as to what these new research agendas should be and despite multiple commentaries reflecting on recent UK efforts to reduce health inequalities, there has so far been little attempt to map future directions for research or to examine what more egalitarian policies means in practical terms. Health Inequalities: Critical Perspectives addresses these concerns. It takes stock of the UK's experiences of health inequalities research and policy to date, reflecting on the lessons that have been learnt from these experiences, both within the UK and internationally. The book identifies emergent research and policy topics, exploring the perspectives of actors working in a range of professional settings on these agendas. Finally, the book considers potential ways of improving the links between health inequalities research, policy and practice, including via advocacy. With contributions from established, international health inequalities experts and newer, up-and-coming researchers in the field, as well as individuals working on health inequalities in policy, practice and civil society settings, Health Inequalities: Critical Perspectives is a 'must buy' for researchers, postgraduate students, policymakers, practitioners, and research funders.

Download or read book Children and Families in Communities written by Jacqueline Barnes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade the relationship between communities, children and families has inspired a wealth of research and policy initiatives because of a growing belief that the breakdown of families and communities is a significant factor in social problems, including child abuse and juvenile crime. The latest policy initiatives to tackle social problems have therefore targeted communities as well as high risk families. This title amalgamates the latest research on the relationship between children, families and communities and explores policy and practice implications. Material for practitioners and community development workers is also be included. The book is divided in to three parts: 1) theory 2) the effect of community on children, parents and families 3) interventions and policy implications.

Download or read book Health Geographies written by Tim Brown and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health Geographies: A Critical Introduction explores health and biomedical topics from a range of critical geographic perspectives. Building on the field’s past engagement with social theory it extends the focus of health geography into new areas of enquiry. Introduces key topics in health geography through clear and engaging examples and case studies drawn from around the world Incorporates multi-disciplinary perspectives and approaches applied in the field of health geography Identifies both health and biomedical issues as a central area of concern for critically oriented health geographers Features material that is alert to questions of global scale and difference, and sensitive to the political and economic as well sociocultural aspects of health Provides extensive pedagogic materials within the text and guidance for further study

Download or read book Community Indicators Measuring Systems written by Rhonda Phillips and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community indicators measuring systems represent a mechanism to improve monitoring and evaluation in planning, incorporating citizen involvement and participation. They reflect the interplay between social, environmental and economic factors affecting a region's or community's well-being, and, as such, can be extremely valuable to planners and developers. Yet, little research has been conducted on their efficacy. This book provides a comprehensive review of how community development indicators evolved and examines their interplay with planning and development. It questions how we adequately measure concepts associated with indicators systems and whether these systems are sustainable and can best evolve. In doing so, the book allows a better understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of community indicators measuring systems, as well as how best to design and implement them.

Download or read book Modelling Geographical Systems written by B. Boots and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a selection of innovative ideas currently shaping the development and testing of geographical systems models by means of statistical and computational approaches. It spans all geographic scales, deals with both individuals and aggregates, and represents natural, human, and integrated spatial systems. This book is relevant to researchers, (post and under)graduates, and professionals in the areas of quantitative geography, spatial analysis, spatial modelling, and geographical information sciences.

Download or read book Smoking Geographies written by Ross Barnett and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-13 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smoking Geographies provides a research-led assessment of the impact of geographical factors on smoking. The contributors uncover how geography can show us not only why people smoke but also broader issues of tobacco control, providing deeper clarity on how smoking and tobacco is ‘governed’. The text centres on one of the most important public health issues worldwide, and a major determinant of preventable mortality and morbidity in developed and developing countries Records the outcomes of a long-term research collaboration that brings a geographical lens to smoking behaviour Uncovers how geography can play a part in understanding not only why people smoke but also broader issues of tobacco control Provides a deeper understanding of how smoking and tobacco is ‘governed’, regarding where people may smoke, but also more subtle governance as a climate is produced in which smoking becomes ‘denormalised’ Brings both quantitative and qualitative perspectives to bear on this major source of mortality and morbidity

Download or read book The Sage Handbook of Sociology of Education written by Mark Berends and published by SAGE Publications Limited. This book was released on 2023-12-06 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sage Handbook of Sociology of Education is an international and comprehensive groundbreaking text that serves as a touchstone for researchers and scholars interested in exploring the intricate relationships between education and society. Leading sociologists from five different continents examine major topics in sociology from a global perspective. This timely, thought-provoking Handbook features contributions from leading and emerging sociology scholars, who provide their own cultural and historical perspectives on diverse—yet universal—topics; these include educational policy, social stratification, and cross-national research. 39 Chapters delve into the pressing issues faced by our global society, such as the effects of residential mobility on educational outcomes, gender and ethnic inequalities, and the impact of COVID-19 on early childhood education. Readers will gain a multifaceted view of the contours of educational inequality, from various international perspectives and focusing on country differences, as well as recommendations for expanding the practices, programs, and policies that could reduce the rising tide of inequities—especially for populations most at risk. This Handbook offers rich, diverse perspectives on the interplay between education, social inequality, and human rights around the world, making it an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and practitioners across a range of fields, including sociology, education, and social policy. PART 1: Education and Persistent Inequality PART 2: Social & Family Contexts PART 3: Schools & Educational Policy PART 4: Neighborhoods & Community PART 5: Education & Innovation in a Global Context

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations written by Harris Papadopoulos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-21 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The abundance of information and increase in computing power currently enable researchers to tackle highly complicated and challenging computational problems. Solutions to such problems are now feasible using advances and innovations from the area of Artificial Intelligence. The general focus of the AIAI conference is to provide insights on how Artificial Intelligence may be applied in real-world situations and serve the study, analysis and modeling of theoretical and practical issues. This volume contains papers selected for presentation at the 6th IFIP Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI 2010) and held in Larnaca, Cyprus, during October 6–7, 2010. IFIP AIAI 2010 was co-organized by the University of Cyprus and the Cyprus University of Technology and was sponsored by the Cyprus University of Technology, Frederick University and the Cyprus Tourism Organization. AIAI 2010 is the official conference of the WG12.5 “Artificial Intel- gence Applications” working group of IFIP TC12, the International Federation for Information Processing Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence (AI). AIAI is a conference that grows in significance every year attracting researchers from different countries around the globe. It maintains high quality, standards and welcomes research papers describing technical advances and engineering and ind- trial applications of intelligent systems. AIAI 2010 was not confined to introducing how AI may be applied in real-life situations, but also included innovative methods, techniques, tools and ideas of AI expressed at the algorithmic or systemic level.

Download or read book Early Childhood Matters written by Kathy Sylva and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-01-04 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors, particularly Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Kathy Sylva and Ted Melhuish, are extremely well respected authorities in their field The results of this genuinely ground-breaking study are eagerly awaited by many researchers in this area Includes clear implications of the study for practice and ensuring educational effectiveness Education for All (Richard Pring) is based on the Primary version of this study, so the two books can be promoted together

Download or read book The Urban Fabric of Crime and Fear written by Vania Ceccato and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-21 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does the city’s urban fabric relate to crime and fear, and how is that fabric affected by crime and fear? Does the urban environment affect one’s decision to commit an offence? Is there a victimisation-related inequality within cities? How do crime and fear interrelate to inequality and segregation in cities of developing countries? What are the challenges to planning cities which are both safe and sustainable? This book searches for answers to these questions in the nature of the city, particularly in the social interactions that take place in urban space distinctively guided by different land uses and people’s activities. In other words, the book deals with the urban fabric of crime and fear. The novelty of the book is to place safety and security issues on the urban scale by (1) showing links between urban structure, and crime and fear, (2) illustrating how different disciplines deal with urban vulnerability to (and fear of) crime (3) including concrete examples of issues and challenges found in European and North American cities, and, without being too extensive, also in cities of the Global South.

Download or read book Valuing the Built Environment written by Scott Orford and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book critically assesses the hedonic pricing technique as a method of imputing monetary values for the implicit attributes of housing. The hedonic technique is widely used, particularly in the US, but increasingly in Europe and Asia and has proved to yield important results and influence cost-benefit analysis. Scott Orford breaks new ground in this volume by exploring hedonic house price models within a geographical rather than purely economic context. He reevaluates the microeconomic theory of housing markets and concludes that only by treating housing market dynamics as inherently spatial can empirical results conform to the theory that underpins them. He also makes conclusions with respect to locational externalities, which have important implications as to how the built environment is valued.