Download or read book Neighborhood Influences on Physical Activity and Physical Function Among Older Adults written by Katherine M. Mead and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proportion of older adults in the US is growing quickly. The percentage of older adults living in rural areas is greater than the percentage living in urban areas. Rural residents experience a number of health disparities, including lower levels of physical activity. The purpose of this dissertation study was to examine the difference in amount and predictors of physical activity among rural- and urban-dwelling older adults in Wisconsin and to assess the effects of the neighborhood built environment (BE) on physical activity and physical function among rural- and urban-dwelling older adults in Wisconsin. This cross-sectional correlation study utilized data collected via the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW). SHOW is a statewide, representative survey that collects information on residents' health and social determinants of health. T-tests and linear regression were used to determine differences in amount and predictors of physical activity. Moderated mediation path models were used to determine the effects of the BE on physical activity and physical function based on rural or urban location. In the regression models that controlled for potential confounders, rural residents had less time in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity. Age, high income, education, and Hispanic ethnicity were significant predictors of physical activity. In the moderated mediation path models, perceived access to fruits and vegetables was a significant indirect effect on physical function, mediated by physical activity, for urban older adults. Perceived safety from traffic and perceived neighborhood destinations had a significant positive direct effect on physical function for urban residents. Perceiving many interesting things to see in the neighborhood had a significant direct effect on physical function for rural residents. The physical activity estimates in this study matched the general trends of physical activity estimates for older adults and rural adults in other studies. The significant BE effects were also similar to other studies that explored associations between the BE and physical activity or physical function. This information will be important to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to effectively promote physical activity and plan for an increasingly aging population in rural areas.

Download or read book The Influence of Lifestyle Physical Activity on Physical Function Among Community dwelling Older Adults written by Patrick Joseph Brennan and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physical Activity Socioeconomic Status and Perceptions of Neighborhood Safety in Older Adults written by Melissa Kealey and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background Mobility, "the ability to move oneself [e.g., by walking, by using assistive devices, or by using transportation) within community environments that expand from one's home, to the neighborhood, and to regions beyond" (Webber, Porter et al. 2010)], is important to healthy aging. Walking, both for recreation and for transportation, has been suggested to be a particularly accessible, affordable, and safe way to be physically active. It is important to understand the barriers to and supports for walking in one's neighborhood for older adults. Neighborhood socioeconomic status and other neighborhood characteristics, such as perceived safety from crime, are associated with walking and physical activity. Health symptoms may also be important determinants of walking and physical activity for older adults. Objectives 1. Determine to what extent objective and perceived neighborhood characteristics of older adults vary by the socioeconomic status of the neighborhood. Determine what objective neighborhood and personal characteristics are associated with perceived neighborhood safety in older adults. 2. Determine the leading health symptoms reported by older people as causing difficulty when walking outdoors. 3. Determine the different physical activities engaged in by older men and women. Determine the association between both neighborhood socioeconomic status and perceived safety from crime and physical activity. Methods The study titled "Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity among Older Adults: A Healthy Aging Research Network (HAN) Collaboration" (referred to in this dissertation as the "HAN Walking Study") was designed to examine how the neighborhood environment may influence physical activity and walking behavior in older adults, and how this relationship may be modified by the functional capacity of older adults. Data were collected from 884 older adults at four sites across the country, from a diversity of physical environments. Data collection included in person interviews, lower-body functional capacity testing, accelerometers, walking diaries, and secondary GIS data. Results 1. Participants living in neighborhoods of low socioeconomic status (low SES) have objectively shorter block lengths, higher housing density, and more businesses. Participants living in low SES neighborhoods perceive that they are less safe from crime and traffic. They also perceive that their neighborhood is more densely populated with greater percentages of apartments and condominiums. Perceived crime safety is associated with both neighborhood characteristics as well as the characteristics of the people who live there. 2. Most participants report multiple barriers to walking outside. Overall, 95.5% report at least one health symptom or other barrier to walking, with a range of 0-37 and a mean of 7.9 barriers. 3. The most frequent types of activity reported by both women and men are light housework (93.0%) and shopping or running errands (93.0%), followed by walking at a normal or leisurely pace (77.7%). In a combined model, crime safety, but not neighborhood poverty or primary type of neighborhood housing, is associated with physical activity. Conclusions Walking is engaged in by the majority of both older men and women in this study. However, they perceive multiple barriers to walking. Neighborhood determinants of walking may be one pathway through which neighborhood socioeconomic status influences health outcomes. Perceived safety from crime is possibly an important neighborhood determinant of walking and physical activity. Further research is needed to determine how changes in neighborhoods as well as other interventions may reduce barriers and lead to increased walking behavior in older adults.

Download or read book Physical Activity Across the Lifespan written by Aleta L. Meyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-15 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The statistics are disturbing: steadily rising numbers of sedentary overweight children and obese teens, and a generation looking at a shorter life expectancy than their parents’. But while it may be obvious that physical fitness benefits both the mind and body, a growing research base is supplying evidence of why this is so, and how these benefits may be reproduced in greater numbers. Physical Activity Across the Lifespan makes a clear, scientific case for exercise, sports, and an active lifestyle in preventing illness and establishing lifetime health habits at both the individual and the population levels. The book focuses on key aspects of physical/mental well-being—weight, mood, and self-regulation—and the role of physical activity in public health and school-based interventions targeting these areas. Contributors review definitional and measurement issues salient to understanding what physical activity is, to analyzing benefits of participation, and to implementing effective interventions. Also addressed are limitations of current research, steps needed to continue building the field, and emerging therapeutic possibilities for activity, such as the role of rough and tumble play in preventing ADHD. Included in the coverage: Physical activity, cognition, and school performance. The influence of social and built environments on physical activity in middle-aged and older adults. Preventing and treating obesity through physical activity. Physical activity in preventing drug use and treating chemical dependence. Antidepressant properties of physical activity. Schools as a foundation for physical activity and an active lifestyle. Physical activity as an adjunct or booster to existing interventions. Physical Activity Across the Lifespan is an innovative text for researchers and practitioners in various disciplines including health promotion/disease prevention, child and school psychology, education, health psychology, and public health, as well as program developers and policymakers in these areas.

Download or read book International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-27 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1950 men and women in the United States had a combined life expectancy of 68.9 years, the 12th highest life expectancy at birth in the world. Today, life expectancy is up to 79.2 years, yet the country is now 28th on the list, behind the United Kingdom, Korea, Canada, and France, among others. The United States does have higher rates of infant mortality and violent deaths than in other developed countries, but these factors do not fully account for the country's relatively poor ranking in life expectancy. International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages: Dimensions and Sources examines patterns in international differences in life expectancy above age 50 and assesses the evidence and arguments that have been advanced to explain the poor position of the United States relative to other countries. The papers in this deeply researched volume identify gaps in measurement, data, theory, and research design and pinpoint areas for future high-priority research in this area. In addition to examining the differences in mortality around the world, the papers in International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages look at health factors and life-style choices commonly believed to contribute to the observed international differences in life expectancy. They also identify strategic opportunities for health-related interventions. This book offers a wide variety of disciplinary and scholarly perspectives to the study of mortality, and it offers in-depth analyses that can serve health professionals, policy makers, statisticians, and researchers.

Download or read book Neighborhood Attributes and Cognitive Function in Older Adults written by Boeun Kim and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neighborhood environments are a potential modifiable factor for improving cognitive function among older adults by providing opportunities for physical activity and destinations for social interaction. Lifestyle factors enhance resilience to the development of brain pathology. However, the impact of neighborhoods on cognitive function and its mechanism among older adults is inconclusive. This dissertation consists of three studies. The aim of the first study was to determine the association of objective neighborhood attributes (land-use mix, residential density, intersection density, presence of trails, sidewalk coverage, gradient of walkways, and areas covered by parks) with decline in cognitive function over a 2-year period among older adults. The aim of the second study was to examine the associations of perceived neighborhood attributes (residential density, land-use mix, transit ace\ss, bicycling infrastructure, recreation facilities, sidewalk coverage, crime safety, traffic safety, and physically active neighbors) with cognitive function among older adults. The aim of the third study was to test a mediating role of walking on the association between objective walkability and cognitive function or perceived walkability and cognitive function among older adults. This dissertation employed a secondary data analysis method using the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study, a prospective cohort study. Data on neighborhood characteristics from 2016 King County Assessor, 2016 US Census TIGER/Line road, King County Geographic Information Systems Center, UW Urban Form Lab, and USGS digital elevation raster model (DEM) were combined with the ACT dataset. The first study was a longitudinal analysis in a sample of 1,302 older adults living in King County. Change in cognitive function was measured over 2 years by the Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument (CASI). Objective neighborhood attributes (land-use mix, residential density, intersection density, presence of trail, presence of sidewalk, gradient of walkways, and park area) were measured by geographic information systems (GIS). Multivariate linear regression models were fitted. The second study was a cross-sectional analysis in 821 adults aged 65 or older. Perceived neighborhood attributes were measured by the Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale (PANE). The associations were tested using linear regression. The third study was a cross-sectional analysis in 799 older adults for the associations between objective walkability and cognitive function and in 680 older adults for the associations between perceived walkability and cognitive function. Walking was measured using an accelerometer. Associations were tested using linear regression. Indirect effects were tested using causal mediation analysis. The first study found that greater objective park area within an 800 m buffer was associated with positive change in cognitive function. However, the effect size was small. Other objective neighborhood attributes were not associated with cognitive function change. The second study found that greater perceived access to public transit was associated with better cognitive function, and greater perceived sidewalk coverage was also related to better cognitive function. Perceived land use-mix and recreational facilities, crime, safety, safety from traffic, and neighbors physically active were associated with cognitive function in only unadjusted models. The third study revealed that walking had an indirect effect on the association between perceived walkability and cognitive function but not on the association between objective walkability and cognitive function. Strategies targeting both environmental factors as well as individual behavioral factors should be considered to improve cognitive function in older adults. Improving the perception of neighborhood attributes alongside modifying physical infrastructure may positively impact cognitive function in older adults. Modifying neighborhood infrastructure may not be sufficient to improve perceived walkability. Educational and social support programs are required to improve perceived walkability. The improved perceived walkability may encourage older adults to be more physically active and the benefits of physical activity may improve cognitive function in older adults.

Download or read book Physical Activity and Health in the Elderly written by Alexandrina Lobo and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2010-12-30 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Physical inactivity is not only an individual's personal problem but is identified as a serious public health issue. Prolonged inactivity that occurs among many elderly persons tends to lead into a gradual decrease in all components of physical fitness, t"

Download or read book The Impact of Built and Social Environment on Physical Activity Among Older Adults written by Stephen J. Mooney and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future longitudinal research on physical disorder as an influence on physical activity would benefit from longer periods of follow-up in which more subjects moved between neighborhoods. Methodologically, the NE-WAS approach appears to be a promising way to systematize neighborhood research as the scale of available spatially located administrative data continues to grow. Future NE-WASes might profitably focus on comparing the spatial scale of neighborhood measures.

Download or read book Environment and Aging written by Mortimer Powell Lawton and published by Study of Aging. This book was released on 1986 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of a Home based Physical Activity Program Implemented by a Trained Caregiver on the Physical Function of Community dwelling Older Adults written by Sandra Annette Graham and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results from multivariate analysis of variance indicated an intervention effect on measures of disability, upper body strength and flexibility and lower body strength. Those who practiced the physical activity routines reported greater ability to perform activities of daily living. They demonstrated increased flexibility in upper body function and improved strength in their arms and legs. Mobility and hand function approached, but did not achieve significance, most likely due to small sample size. Stepwise regression identified mobility and upper body strength as strong predictors of disability.

Download or read book ACSM s Exercise for Older Adults written by Wojtek J. Chodzko-Zajko and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2014 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "ACSM's Exercise for Older Adults is a new book designed to help health and fitness professionals guide their older clients to appropriate exercise programs"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Active Living Among Older Adults written by Sandra O'Brien Cousins and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1999 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Active Living Among Older Adults is a reference text for a broad spectrum of scientific studies on the health effects of active living among older adults, and offers professionals and students easy access to the evidence that supports physically active lifestyles among the elderly. O'Brien Cousins and Home demonstrate that active living is beneficial and available to the elderly community. The perceived effects of active living are organized into separate categories, including physical health, disease prevention, psychosocial attitudes, lifestyle behavior, and economic well-being.

Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine written by Jean-Pierre Michel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 1393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of the definitive international reference book on all aspects of the medical care of older persons will provide every physician involved in the care of older patients with a comprehensive resource on all the clinical problems they are likely to encounter, as well as on related psychological, philosophical, and social issues.

Download or read book New Directions in the Sociology of Aging written by Panel on New Directions in Social Demography, Social Epidemiology, and the Sociology of Aging and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-01-09 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aging of the population of the United States is occurring at a time of major economic and social changes. These economic changes include consideration of increases in the age of eligibility for Social Security and Medicare and possible changes in benefit levels. Furthermore, changes in the social context in which older individuals and families function may well affect the nature of key social relationships and institutions that define the environment for older persons. Sociology offers a knowledge base, a number of useful analytic approaches and tools, and unique theoretical perspectives that can facilitate understanding of these demographic, economic, and social changes and, to the extent possible, their causes, consequences and implications. The Future of the Sociology of Aging: An Agenda for Action evaluates the recent contributions of social demography, social epidemiology and sociology to the study of aging and identifies promising new research directions in these sub-fields. Included in this study are nine papers prepared by experts in sociology, demography, social genomics, public health, and other fields, that highlight the broad array of tools and perspectives that can provide the basis for further advancing the understanding of aging processes in ways that can inform policy. This report discusses the role of sociology in what is a wide-ranging and diverse field of study; a proposed three-dimensional conceptual model for studying social processes in aging over the life cycle; a review of existing databases, data needs and opportunities, primarily in the area of measurement of interhousehold and intergenerational transmission of resources, biomarkers and biosocial interactions; and a summary of roadblocks and bridges to transdisciplinary research that will affect the future directions of the field of sociology of aging.

Download or read book Ageing in Society written by John Bond and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `Ageing in Society brings forth exciting new questions, fresh perspectives, and a necessary critical approach to key issues - this is indeed an authoritative introduction. The authors not only have made significant contributions to gerontology, but offer the reader considerations for what could be, not just what is, the design of old age in society. The book will inform students in ways that so many texts in the area, satisfied with comfortable bromides, do not′ - Jaber Gubrium, Editor of Journal of Aging Studies, University of Missouri-Columbia `This completely revised Third Edition of Ageing in Society presents one of the most comprehensive pictures of ageing today. Emphasising the dual processes of ageing societies and the experience of ageing, the book offers the reader - student or researcher alike - cogent discussions of the most up to date perspectives and evidence available. The contributors are all leading experts in their fields - comprising a range of important disciplines as they apply to ageing. Ageing in Society is a cutting edge text on one of the most important subjects facing the modern world - a must for all students of ageing′ - Mike Bury, Emeritus Professor of Sociology, University of London `The Third Edition of the comprehensive textbook Ageing in Society extends its scope to include continental Europe, allowing broader as well as deeper insights into recent trends in gerontology. Gerontologists and practitioners are urged not to stop reading before they have reached the insightful last chapter "Ageing into the future"!′ - Professor Dorly Deeg, Editor-in-Chief European Journal of Ageing The Third Edition of this popular and widely-used text provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of ageing, exploring the key theories, concepts and methods which the behavioural and social sciences contribute to the subject. Thoroughly revised and updated, Ageing in Society reflects new trends in gerontology, incorporating recent developments in theory and research as well as major international and interdisciplinary perspectives. A new chapter on cognitive ageing has been added and key themes, such as social protection, retirement, health and illness, and cultural images of old age are also critically examined. Ageing in Society was developed by the British Society of Gerontology to fulfil the need for an authoritative introduction to social gerontology. As such, it is an ideal resource for students and lecturers in the social and behavioural sciences, as well as for students and practitioners in health and social care.

Download or read book Understanding Physical Activity Behavior Physical Activity Behavior Among Older Adults Living in a Retirement Community Impact of Functional Independence Social Functioning Psychological Processes and Environmental Cues written by Stefani Gray-Abdai and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Perceived Neighbourhood Environment and Health related Outcomes Among Older Adults written by Lucelia Luna de Melo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aging -- Physical activity -- Physical function -- Mobility -- Obesity.