Download or read book Nanoscale Surface Engineering for Ceramic Fuel Cells written by Young Beom Kim and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ceramic fuel cell (CFC) is an all-solid-state energy conversion device and usually refers to fuel cells employing solid ceramic electrolytes. The present generation of ceramic fuel cells can be classified into two types according to the electrolytes they use: oxygen ion conducting fuel cells, or solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and proton conducting fuel cells (PCFC or PCOFC). CFCs usually have the highest operating temperature of all fuel cells at about 600~1000oC for reasonably active charge transfer reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface and ion transport through the electrolyte. This high CFC's operating temperature has limited practical applications. The goal of my Ph.D. research is to minimize the activation losses at the electrode/electrolyte interface by nanoscale engineering to achieve decent performance of ceramic fuel cells at lower operating temperatures (300~500oC). This dissertation has three main nanoscale surface engineering approaches according to the fuel cell components: electrode structure, composite electrolyte structures with thin interlayers, and the fabrication of three-dimensional fuel cell membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs). We would call the first part of the dissertation as nanoscale electrode structure engineering for ceramic fuel cells. It describes the fabrication and investigation of morphologically stable model electrode structures with well-defined and sharp platinum/yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) interfaces to study geometric effects at triple phase boundaries (TPB), which is known as the actual electrochemical reaction site. A nanosphere lithography (NSL) technique using monodispersed silica nanoparticles is employed to deposit nonporous platinum electrodes containing close-packed arrays of circular openings through the underlying YSZ surface. These nano-structured dense Pt array cathodes exhibited better structural integrity and thermal stability at the fuel cell operating temperature of 450~500oC when compared to porous sputtered Pt electrodes. More importantly, electrochemical studies on geometrically well-defined Pt/YSZ sharp interfaces demonstrated that the cathode impedance and cell performance both scale almost linearly with aerial density of TPB length. These controlled experiments also allowed for the estimation of the area of the electrochemical reaction zone. This information can be used as a platform for designing the electrode structure to maximize the performance of ceramic fuel cells. The second part of the experiment is about electrolyte surface structure engineering by fabricating composite electrolyte structures. This study describes, both theoretically and experimentally, the role of doped ceria cathodic interlayers and their surface grain boundaries in enhancing oxygen incorporation kinetics. Quantum mechanical simulations of oxygen incorporation energetics support the experimental results and indicate a low activation energy of only 0.07eV for yttria-doped ceria (YDC), while the incorporation reaction on YSZ is activated by a significantly higher energy barrier of 0.38eV. For experiments, epitaxial and polycrystalline YDC, gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on the cathode side of 300[Mu]m-thick single crystalline (100) and 100[Mu]m-thick polycrystalline YSZ substrates, respectively. For the composite electrolyte sample with YDC interlayer, the Oxygen isotope exchange experiment was conducted employing secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with high spatial resolution (50nm). The surface mapping result of 18O/16O shows high activity at surface grain boundary regions indicating that the grain boundary regions are electrochemically active for oxygen incorporation reaction. Fuel cell current-voltage behavior and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 350oC-450oC on both single crystalline and polycrystalline interlayered cells. Results of dc and ac measurements confirm that cathodic resistances of cells with epitaxial doped-cerium oxides (GDC, YDC) layers are lower than that for the YSZ-only control cell. This is attributed to the higher surface exchange coefficient for doped-cerium oxides than for YSZ. Moreover, the role of grain boundary density at the cathode side external surface was investigated on surface-engineered electrode-membrane assemblies (MEA) having different doped-ceria surface grain sizes. MEAs having smaller surface grain size show better cell performance and correspondingly lower electrode interfacial resistance. Electrochemical measurements suggest that doped-ceria grain boundaries at the cathode side contribute to the enhancement of oxygen surface kinetics. These results provide an opportunity and a microstructure design pathway to improve performance of LT-SOFCs by surface engineering with nano-granular, catalytically superior thin doped-ceria cathodic interlayers. Thirdly, as a reaction surface engineering for SOFC, we investigated a novel method for creating a three-dimensional (3-D) fuel cell architecture to enhance fuel cell performance by increasing the area of the electrolyte membrane. The research describes the fabrication and operation of a low temperature 3-D protonically conducting ceramic fuel cell featuring a close packed and free standing crater patterned architecture achieved by nanospherical patterning (NSP) and dry etching techniques. The cell employed conformal layers of yttria-doped barium zirconate (BYZ) anhydrous electrolyte membrane (~120nm) sandwiched between thin (~70nm) sputtered porous Pt electrode layers. The fuel cell structure achieved the highest reported peak power densities up to 186 mW/cm2 at 450oC using hydrogen as fuel. To further investigate the proton conductivity of the electrolyte, which is BYZ, we studied the effect of crystalline structures on proton conductivity of BYZ thin films. The results showed that the grain boundaries impede the proton transport through the grain boundary and cause extremely high resistance for ionic transport in the film. This experimental result also can provide significant implications in designing proton conducting ceramic fuel cells. All these efforts and investigations were intended to enhance the ceramic fuel cell performance at low operating temperatures (300--500oC) by improving electrode/electrolyte interface electrochemical reactions. We expect to achieve further enhancement when we combine the approaches each other. For example, fabrication of three-dimensional fuel cells with doped-ceria interlayers and composite electrolyte structures with optimized electrode nano-structures. Investigations are on-going in our laboratory as a future work.

Download or read book Nanoscale Surface Engineering for Ceramic Fuel Cells written by Young Beom Kim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ceramic fuel cell (CFC) is an all-solid-state energy conversion device and usually refers to fuel cells employing solid ceramic electrolytes. The present generation of ceramic fuel cells can be classified into two types according to the electrolytes they use: oxygen ion conducting fuel cells, or solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and proton conducting fuel cells (PCFC or PCOFC). CFCs usually have the highest operating temperature of all fuel cells at about 600~1000oC for reasonably active charge transfer reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface and ion transport through the electrolyte. This high CFC's operating temperature has limited practical applications. The goal of my Ph. D. research is to minimize the activation losses at the electrode/electrolyte interface by nanoscale engineering to achieve decent performance of ceramic fuel cells at lower operating temperatures (300~500oC). This dissertation has three main nanoscale surface engineering approaches according to the fuel cell components: electrode structure, composite electrolyte structures with thin interlayers, and the fabrication of three-dimensional fuel cell membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs). We would call the first part of the dissertation as nanoscale electrode structure engineering for ceramic fuel cells. It describes the fabrication and investigation of morphologically stable model electrode structures with well-defined and sharp platinum/yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) interfaces to study geometric effects at triple phase boundaries (TPB), which is known as the actual electrochemical reaction site. A nanosphere lithography (NSL) technique using monodispersed silica nanoparticles is employed to deposit nonporous platinum electrodes containing close-packed arrays of circular openings through the underlying YSZ surface. These nano-structured dense Pt array cathodes exhibited better structural integrity and thermal stability at the fuel cell operating temperature of 450~500oC when compared to porous sputtered Pt electrodes. More importantly, electrochemical studies on geometrically well-defined Pt/YSZ sharp interfaces demonstrated that the cathode impedance and cell performance both scale almost linearly with aerial density of TPB length. These controlled experiments also allowed for the estimation of the area of the electrochemical reaction zone. This information can be used as a platform for designing the electrode structure to maximize the performance of ceramic fuel cells. The second part of the experiment is about electrolyte surface structure engineering by fabricating composite electrolyte structures. This study describes, both theoretically and experimentally, the role of doped ceria cathodic interlayers and their surface grain boundaries in enhancing oxygen incorporation kinetics. Quantum mechanical simulations of oxygen incorporation energetics support the experimental results and indicate a low activation energy of only 0.07eV for yttria-doped ceria (YDC), while the incorporation reaction on YSZ is activated by a significantly higher energy barrier of 0.38eV. For experiments, epitaxial and polycrystalline YDC, gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on the cathode side of 300[Mu]m-thick single crystalline (100) and 100[Mu]m-thick polycrystalline YSZ substrates, respectively. For the composite electrolyte sample with YDC interlayer, the Oxygen isotope exchange experiment was conducted employing secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with high spatial resolution (50nm). The surface mapping result of 18O/16O shows high activity at surface grain boundary regions indicating that the grain boundary regions are electrochemically active for oxygen incorporation reaction. Fuel cell current-voltage behavior and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 350oC-450oC on both single crystalline and polycrystalline interlayered cells. Results of dc and ac measurements confirm that cathodic resistances of cells with epitaxial doped-cerium oxides (GDC, YDC) layers are lower than that for the YSZ-only control cell. This is attributed to the higher surface exchange coefficient for doped-cerium oxides than for YSZ. Moreover, the role of grain boundary density at the cathode side external surface was investigated on surface-engineered electrode-membrane assemblies (MEA) having different doped-ceria surface grain sizes. MEAs having smaller surface grain size show better cell performance and correspondingly lower electrode interfacial resistance. Electrochemical measurements suggest that doped-ceria grain boundaries at the cathode side contribute to the enhancement of oxygen surface kinetics. These results provide an opportunity and a microstructure design pathway to improve performance of LT-SOFCs by surface engineering with nano-granular, catalytically superior thin doped-ceria cathodic interlayers. Thirdly, as a reaction surface engineering for SOFC, we investigated a novel method for creating a three-dimensional (3-D) fuel cell architecture to enhance fuel cell performance by increasing the area of the electrolyte membrane. The research describes the fabrication and operation of a low temperature 3-D protonically conducting ceramic fuel cell featuring a close packed and free standing crater patterned architecture achieved by nanospherical patterning (NSP) and dry etching techniques. The cell employed conformal layers of yttria-doped barium zirconate (BYZ) anhydrous electrolyte membrane (~120nm) sandwiched between thin (~70nm) sputtered porous Pt electrode layers. The fuel cell structure achieved the highest reported peak power densities up to 186 mW/cm2 at 450oC using hydrogen as fuel. To further investigate the proton conductivity of the electrolyte, which is BYZ, we studied the effect of crystalline structures on proton conductivity of BYZ thin films. The results showed that the grain boundaries impede the proton transport through the grain boundary and cause extremely high resistance for ionic transport in the film. This experimental result also can provide significant implications in designing proton conducting ceramic fuel cells. All these efforts and investigations were intended to enhance the ceramic fuel cell performance at low operating temperatures (300--500oC) by improving electrode/electrolyte interface electrochemical reactions. We expect to achieve further enhancement when we combine the approaches each other. For example, fabrication of three-dimensional fuel cells with doped-ceria interlayers and composite electrolyte structures with optimized electrode nano-structures. Investigations are on-going in our laboratory as a future work.

Download or read book Ceramic Integration and Joining Technologies written by Mrityunjay Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book joins and integrates ceramics and ceramic-based materials in various sectors of technology. A major imperative is to extract scientific information on joining and integration response of real, as well as model, material systems currently in a developmental stage. This book envisions integration in its broadest sense as a fundamental enabling technology at multiple length scales that span the macro, millimeter, micrometer and nanometer ranges. Consequently, the book addresses integration issues in such diverse areas as space power and propulsion, thermoelectric power generation, solar energy, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), multi-chip modules, prosthetic devices, and implanted biosensors and stimulators. The engineering challenge of designing and manufacturing complex structural, functional, and smart components and devices for the above applications from smaller, geometrically simpler units requires innovative development of new integration technology and skillful adaptation of existing technology.

Download or read book Ceramic Membranes written by Vitaly Gitis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-22 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ein wichtiges Lehrwerk für ein zunehmend wichtiges Fachgebiet: gelungene Einführung, prägnante Darstellung der Grundlagen der Membranseparation, Überblick über Charakterisierungstechniken für keramische Membranen, industrielle Anwendungen und deren Wirtschaftlichkeit.

Download or read book Nanostructured and Advanced Materials for Fuel Cells written by San Ping Jiang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-07 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boasting chapters written by leading international experts, Nanostructured and Advanced Materials for Fuel Cells provides an overview of the progress that has been made so far in the material and catalyst development for fuel cells. The book covers the most recent developments detailing all aspects of synthesis, characterization, and performance.It

Download or read book Nanoscale Engineering of Biomaterials Properties and Applications written by Lalit M. Pandey and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-16 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in a wide range of biomaterials for the development of smart and advanced functional materials. It discusses the fundamentals of bio-interfacial interactions and the surface engineering of emerging biomaterials like metals and alloys, polymers, ceramics, and composites/nanocomposites. In turn, the book addresses the latest techniques and approaches to engineering material surfaces/interfaces in, e.g., implants, tissue engineering, drug delivery, antifouling, and dentistry. Lastly, it summarizes various challenges in the design and development of novel biomaterials. Given its scope, it offers a valuable source of information for students, academics, physicians and particularly researchers from diverse disciplines such as material science and engineering, polymer engineering, biotechnology, bioengineering, chemistry, chemical engineering, nanotechnology, and biomedical engineering for various commercial and scientific applications.

Download or read book Nanomaterials for Fuel Cell Catalysis written by Kenneth I. Ozoemena and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-05 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global experts provide an authoritative source of information on the use of electrochemical fuel cells, and in particular discuss the use of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of existing energy systems. The book covers the state of the art in the design, preparation, and engineering of nanoscale functional materials as effective catalysts for fuel cell chemistry, highlights recent progress in electrocatalysis at both fuel cell anode and cathode, and details perspectives and challenges in future research.

Download or read book Nanofillers for Sustainable Applications written by N.M. Nurazzi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanofillers for Sustainable Applications provides an in-depth review of the wide-ranging applications of nanofillers. It explores both synthetic and natural nanofillers and focuses on their use as reinforcement and active fillers in composite structures. Covering various aspects of nanofillers, including synthesis methods, characteristics, properties, and compatibility, this book highlights the potential of nanofillers as functional materials for different applications and offers a collection of comparative studies to showcase their efficacy. It emphasizes sustainability, intelligent design, and high-end applications in fields such as packaging, pulp and paper, aerospace, automotive, medicine, chemical industry, biodiesel, and chemical sensors. This book is organized into several sections, covering topics such as synthetic nanomaterials, nanosafety, natural nanofillers, polymer composites, metal nanofillers, nanofillers in various industries, nanofillers in renewable energy, nanofillers in biomedical sectors, and nanofillers in automotive and aerospace industries. This book will be a useful reference for undergraduate and graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of materials science, nanomaterials, and polymer composites. Key features: • Focuses on the fabrication approaches used for nanofillers in nanocomposites. • Covers materials selection, design solutions, manufacturing techniques, and structural analysis, highlighting their potential as functional materials in different applications. • Explores the positive environmental impact and material property improvements resulting from increased composite utilization across diverse industries. • Discusses other types of nanofillers like nanocellulose, metal-based, graphene, and wood-based materials. • Includes case studies from leading industrial and academic experts.

Download or read book Ceramic Science and Engineering written by Kamakhya Prakash Misra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-05-03 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ceramic Science and Engineering: Basics to Recent Advancements covers the fundamentals, classification and applications surrounding ceramic engineering. In addition, the book contains an extensive review of the current published literature on established ceramic materials. Other sections present an extensive review of up-to-date research on new innovative ceramic materials and reviews recently published articles, case studies and the latest research outputs. The book will be an essential reference resource for materials scientists, physicists, chemists and engineers, postgraduate students, early career researchers, and industrial researchers working in R&D in the development of ceramic materials. Ceramic engineering deals with the science and technology of creating objects from inorganic and non-metallic materials. It combines the principles of chemistry, physics and engineering. Fiber-optic devices, microprocessors and solar panels are just a few examples of ceramic engineering being applied in everyday life. Advanced ceramics such as alumina, aluminum nitride, zirconia, ZnO, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and titania-based materials, each of which have their own specific characteristics and offer an economic and high-performance alternative to more conventional materials such as glass, metals and plastics are also discussed. Covers environmental barrier ceramic coatings, advanced ceramic conductive fuel cells, processing and machining technology in ceramic and composite materials, photoluminescent ceramic materials, perovskite ceramics and bioinspired ceramic materials Reviews both conventional, established ceramics and new, innovative advanced ceramics Contains an extensive review of the current published literature on established ceramic materials

Download or read book Nanostructured Materials for Engineering Applications written by Carlos P. Bergmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-28 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives an introduction to nanostructured materials and guides the reader through their different engineering applications. It addresses the special phenomena and potentials involved in the applications without going into too much scientific detail of the physics and chemistry involved, which makes the reading interesting for beginners in the field. Materials for different applications in engineering are described, such as those used in opto-electronics, energy, tribology, bio-applications, catalysis, reinforcement and many more. In each application chapter, the reader will learn about the phenomena involved in the application, the nanostructured materials used in the field and their processing, besides finding some practical examples of their use in laboratories and in industry.The clear language and the application-oriented perspective of the book makes it suitable for both engineers and students who want to learn about applications of nanostructured materials in Engineering.

Download or read book Nanostructured and Advanced Materials for Fuel Cells written by San Ping Jiang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-07 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boasting chapters written by leading international experts, Nanostructured and Advanced Materials for Fuel Cells provides an overview of the progress that has been made so far in the material and catalyst development for fuel cells. The book covers the most recent developments detailing all aspects of synthesis, characterization, and performance. It offers an overview on the principles, classifications, and types of fuels used in fuel cells, and discusses the critical properties, design, and advances made in various sealing materials. It provides an extensive review on the design, configuration, fabrication, modeling, materials, and stack performance of μ-SOFC technology, and addresses the advancement and challenges in the synthesis, characterization, and fundamental understanding of the catalytic activity of nitrogen-carbon, carbon, and noncarbon-based electro catalysts for PEM fuel cells. The authors explore the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, summarize the advancements in the fundamental understanding of the most successful Nafion membranes, and focus on the development of alternative and composite membranes for direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). They also review current challenges and consider future development in the industry. Includes 17 chapters, 262 figures, and close to 2000 references Provides an extensive review of the carbon, nitrogen-carbon, and noncarbon-based electro catalysts for fuel cells Presents an update on the latest materials development in conventional fuel cells and emerging fuel cells This text is a single-source reference on the latest advances in the nano-structured materials and electro catalysts for fuel cells, the most efficient and emerging energy conversion technologies for the twenty-first century. It serves as a valuable resource for students, materials engineers, and researchers interested in fuel cell technology.

Download or read book Atomic Layer Deposition Applications 5 written by S. de Gendt and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2009-09 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic Layer Deposition can enable precise deposition of ultra-thin, highly conformal coatings over complex 3D topography, with controlled composition and properties for a wide range of applications.

Download or read book Advances in Ceramic Armor II Volume 27 Issue 7 written by Andrew Wereszczak and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-29 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings contain current research from industry, academia and government organizations, working on opaque and transparent ceramic armor. Papers on novel materials concepts for both vehicle and body armors are included, as well as papers that explore the relationship between computational modeling and property testing. These papers were presented at the Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 22-27, 2006, Cocoa Beach, Florida. Organized and sponsored by The American Ceramic Society and The American Ceramic Society's Engineering Ceramics Division in conjunction with the Nuclear and Environmental Technology Division.

Download or read book Micro Nano Engineering of Fuel Cells written by Dennis Y.C. Leung and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel cells are clean and efficient energy conversion devices expected to be the next generation power source. During more than 17 decades of research and development, various types of fuel cells have been developed with a view to meet the different energy demands and application requirements. Scientists have devoted a great deal of time and effort

Download or read book Nanoscale Design and Engineering of Electro catalysts in Fuel Cell and Water Electrolyzer Energy Conversion written by Weichuan Xu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrocatalysis as an emerging clean energy strategy provides promising future application compared to conventional power solutions. However, the barriers to wide adoption remain challenging, such as catalyst price, storage weight, durability in extreme environment, fuel safety issues and its availability to the public. Recent advances in nanomaterial and nanotechnology enables rational design and synthesis of new catalysts with enhanced performance for heterogeneous electrocatalysis. Herein we propose the Nanoscale Design and Engineering of Electro-catalysts in Fuel Cell and Water Electrolyzer Energy Conversion. This dissertation provides some successful examples of electrode catalyst design and fabrication for boosting electrocatalysis in fuel cell and electrolyzer. Special emphasis is put on theories, synthesis strategies, performance boost to achieve the goal of enhancing catalyst activity whiling reducing materials cost; identifying durability issues and giving solutions; realizing low total over potential in bifunctional electrocatalysis and predicting catalyst performance from simulation to find out ideal composition. The engineered nanomaterials in this dissertation mainly take advantages of (1) optimization of nanoparticle size by novel support (Nb doped TiO2) or synthesis method (polymer-assisted chemical solution) to increase electrochemical active surface area for enhanced charge transfer and catalysis activity (Chapter 2, 3, and 4), (2) synergistic effect from support material (TiO2 for Pd, carbon materials for perovskite oxide) to improve nanoparticle deposition and exposure during reactions (Chapter 2, 3, and 4), (3) tunable electronic structure (A-site deficiency, A-site excess, and partially substitution of B-site transition metal cations) on cost-effective perovskite catalyst to replace noble metal (Pt, IrO2) for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis in unitized fuel cells (Chapter 3 and 4), and (4) activity description from atomic level to understand electrocatalysis mechanism and make prediction for new catalysts (Chapter 4 and 5). Pd on Nb-TiO2-C supports has increased reaction intensity, selectivity without sacrifice of durability. A-site nonstoichiometry and B-site doping successfully enhances oxygen bifunctionality of cost-effective perovskite catalysts; First-principle study suggests new Pd-Cu composition to achieve a balance between reaction activity and expense.

Download or read book Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells written by Minhua Shao and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells" that was published in Catalysts

Download or read book Nanotechnology in Fuel Cells written by Huaihe Song and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology in Fuel Cells focuses on the use of nanotechnology in macroscopic and nanosized fuel cells to enhance their performance and lifespan. The book covers the fundamental design concepts and promising applications of nanotechnology-enhanced fuel cells and their advantages over traditional fuel cells in portable devices, including longer shelf life and lower cost. In the case of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), nano-membranes could provide 100 times higher conductivity of hydrogen ions in low humidity conditions than traditional membranes. For hydrogen fuel cell, nanocatalysts (Pt hybrid nanoparticles) could provide 12 times higher catalytic activity. This is an important reference source for materials scientists and engineers who are looking to understand how nanotechnology is being used to create more efficient macro- and nanosized fuel cells. Outlines how fuel cells can be nanoengineered to enhance their performance and lifespan Covers a variety of fuel cell types, including proton-exchange membrane fuel cells and hydrogen-based fuel cells Assesses the major challenges of nanoengineering fuel cells at an industrial scale