Download or read book Multi scale Habitat Selection and Breeding Pond Assessment of an Isolated Wood Frog Lithobates Sylvaticus Population in Wyoming written by Katrina A. Cook and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isolated populations that are separated from the species’ more contiguous range may be particularly susceptible to habitat degradation or disease. Amphibians have experienced population declines worldwide from habitat change because they are sensitive to habitat conditions, and from the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in Wyoming exist as isolated, glacial relicts. We identified the habitat preferences of a Wood Frog population across multiple seasons and spatial scales, and in relation to chytrid fungus status in the Snowy Range of Wyoming, USA. We also investigated the associations between non-invertebrate and invertebrate metrics with egg mass densities (as a measure of habitat use) and late-stage tadpole densities (as an index of reproductive success). During summer and fall, frogs preferred to be closer to waterbodies and selected aspen, willow, and wet meadow macrohabitats. Summer microhabitat preferences included denser, taller vegetation, higher soil moisture, and those closer to standing water and refugia. When chytrid-positive, frogs in terrestrial habitats tended to switch to areas with higher soil moisture. The density of very tolerant taxa (tolerance value ≥8) slightly outperformed the average biomass of June phytoplankton as the top metric related to egg mass density. Tadpole densities were slightly higher in ephemeral ponds and ponds lacking vertebrate predators. Our results demonstrate spatiotemporal variation in habitat preferences of an isolated amphibian population of concern, and that adults may have specific habitat requirements for choosing a breeding pond. Our work contributes to a growing body of evidence demonstrating interactions between animal behavior, disease, and habitat.
Download or read book Population Connectivity and Multi stage Habitat Selection in a Montane Amphibian written by Anicka Kratina-Hathaway and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pond-breeding amphibian populations have life histories requiring discrete habitat types and therefore present ideal study systems in which to evaluate seasonal habitat selection, migration, and population connectivity. Additionally, amphibians are experiencing precipitous declines, necessitating the ecological study of diverse populations, especially isolated populations. In the Bighorn Mountains of north-central Wyoming, Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris ) persist as a relictual population, where little is known about their ecology. Throughout the summers of 2013 and 2014 we monitored frog habitat selection and movements through radio telemetry, and collected genetic samples to determine population connectivity of this population throughout its limited range. We found that frog habitat selection varied seasonally, and was directed to spatially discrete water bodies when breeding habitat consisted of ephemeral water bodies. Additionally, in contrast to other Columbia spotted frog studies which found sites with predatory fish less successful, our study found that large, permanent breeding sites, such as lakes with predatory fish were the most productive and provided all seasonal habitats. An attribute in common across sites were dense microhabitats that provided cover, primarily in the form of willows. Frog macrohabitat selection was stronger than microhabitat selection, and indicated that the geographical location, in particular wet meadows, was initially most important and that when wet meadows were selected, microhabitats were less limiting. Frog movements also varied between ephemeral and permanent breeding sites, with frogs traveling longer distances at ephemeral sites. We observed one adult movement between breeding sites. One transmittered frog crossed over a dam to access the largest breeding area, Sibley Lake. No additional adult movements were observed between breeding sites, despite adult frogs’ abilities to travel long distances (over 300 m in two days). Genetic results however suggest much more movement is taking place. We found 3 genetic clusters within the Bighorn Mountains and found varying levels of gene flow between breeding sites, with some sites showing high levels of population structure. Additionally, potential barriers to gene flow (such as roads and rivers) did not appear to completely inhibit movements, and in the case of waterways, appeared to enhance movements. Our results indicate that an approach combining multiple methods across various spatial scales is needed to accurately manage and conserve habitats for this population.
Download or read book Postbreeding Movement Patterns and Multiscale Habitat Use of Adult Wood Frogs Lithobates Sylvaticus at Urban Wetlands of Edmonton Alberta written by Murdoch Taylor (E. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many studies have focused on the effects of urbanization on amphibian species richness, abundance and diversity, but few studies have quantified the effect on amphibian movement behaviour or habitat use. At 11 urban wetlands in Edmonton, Alberta, I examined the postbreeding movement behaviour and habitat use of adult wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) from April through October using radio telemetry. I found that movement from breeding wetlands was limited, with most tracked individuals remaining within 25 m of ponds in grassy riparian zones. Long-distance migratory movements were rare and only occurred at sites with a high proportion of forested land-cover surrounding the wetland. Tracked frogs showed a preference at three spatial scales for habitat close to water that provided shelter from desiccation and predation (e.g. unmowed grass and stands of shrubs). These findings have implications for the management of wetlands and conservation of amphibian populations in urban settings.
Download or read book Behavioral Choice and Demographic Consequences of Wood Frog Habitat Selection in Response to Land Use written by Tracy A. Green Rittenhouse and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land use is a pervasive form of disturbance affecting natural systems on Earth. My dissertation research is set within the context of a large scale project referred to as Land-use Effects on Amphibian Populations (LEAP), where researchers in Maine, Missouri, and South Carolina are determining the effects of timber harvest on the persistence of amphibian populations. The purpose of my dissertation research was to define adult wood frog nonbreeding habitat in continuous oak-hickory forest and in response to timber harvest. I asked research questions that address the two components of habitat selection: 1) the behavioral choice, and 2) the demographic consequences of that choice. To document behavioral choice, I allowed adults to move freely throughout the circular experimental timber harvest arrays (164 m radius) by using standard radiotelemetry techniques. Prior to timber harvest, I found that wood frogs were not distributed equally throughout oak-hickory forest. Adults used drainages as non-breeding habitat. In addition, the number of frogs that migrated to a specific drainage correlated with the distance between the pond and the drainage. Following timber harvest wood frogs avoided clearcuts and increased movement rates in response to timber harvest. Further, I confirmed the consistency of this behavioral response by conducting experimental displacements and found that adults exhibit site fidelity to non-breeding habitat. Frogs displaced to the center of clearcuts evacuated the clearcuts in one night of rain and 20 of 22 frogs displaced back to the pond returned to the same drainage. To determine demographic consequences, I estimated survival of frogs constrained within microhabitats. Desiccation risks for frogs located on forested ridgetops or in exposed areas within clearcuts were severe. Brushpiles within clearcuts provided microhabitats with similar desiccation risks as microhabitats within forested drainages. I also determined survival of transmittered frogs that moved freely among microhabitats by radio-tracking 117 frogs over 3 years. I documented 29 predation events, 13 desiccation events, and 8 mortalities of unknown cause. Using Coxproportional hazard models, I found that survival within the timber harvest array was 1.7 times lower than survival within continuous forest. Survival was lowest during the drought year of 2005 when all desiccation events occurred. My results indicated that predation and desiccation risks near the breeding ponds are ecological pressures that explain why adult amphibians migrate away from breeding habitat during the nonbreeding season.
Download or read book Manipulation of Larval and Winter Habitat Reveals Potential Effects of Urbanization and Climate Change on Wood Frogs in Connecticut written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavioral Response of Adult and Larval Wood Frogs Lithobates Sylvaticus to a Common Road De icer NaCl written by Dylan Jones and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibians are highly vulnerable to aquatic pollutants. Due to the permeability of their skin and their aquatic larval stages, pollutants are easily absorbed into the body, which can have adverse effects on performance, survival, and fitness. This has prompted research on how environmental pollutants affect amphibian populations, especially road deicers such as sodium chloride (NaCl). Elevated NaCl can have a negative physiological impact on both adult and larval stages of amphibians, leading to reduced breeding success, morphological abnormalities, and even mortality. However, less is known about the behavioral responses of adults and especially larval amphibians to increased environmental salinity. Earlier studies suggested that adult wood frogs did not show any behavioral responses to varying salinity with short-term (10 min) exposure, while larvae had not been assessed. In this study, the behavioral responses of both adult and larval wood frogs, Lithobates sylvaticus, to increased salinity were studied via salinity choice trials where a control (aged tap water) and a designated salt solution were placed on opposite sides of a binary arena for 3,600 seconds. Adults spent less time in NaCl solutions with increasing salinity. The threshold for response was approximately 0.17 M (slightly hyperosmotic to internal osmotic concentrations). For tadpoles, time spent in salt solutions did not change as salinity increased (to a maximum of 0.25 M NaCl), but these results were confounded by mixing between the control and the salt solutions. There were no behavioral differences in tadpole activity level (number of moves between chambers) as salinity increased. Since increased salinity has been associated with decreased fitness, behavioral avoidance of high salinity and preference for lower saline systems could be advantageous for wood frogs. Adults could potentially select breeding sites with lower solute levels that would be beneficial to egg masses and offspring. However, this study suggests that tadpoles in a high solute habitat may not change their activity level, potentially leading to inability to select microhabitats within a system. In addition, although adult wood frogs did respond to increasing salinity, they did so slower than previously assessed species, potentially making them more susceptible to habitat degradation. This study furthers the understanding of how amphibian populations respond to salinity influxes in the wild and will help to promote better conservation efforts for species vulnerable to salt pollution.
Download or read book Habitat Use by the Wood Frog Lithobates Sylvaticus LeConte 1825 Within Pothole Wetlands Modified by Beaver Castor Canadensis Kuhl 1820 in East central Alberta written by Nils L. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of amphibian habitat use often focus on using landscape characteristics to predict occupancy at broad spatial scales, but few have investigated how amphibians use specific habitat features within a wetland, such as the distinct habitat features created by beavers. In pothole wetlands of east-central Alberta, I examined the use of beaver lodges and beaver foraging canals by wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus (LeConte, 1825)) during breeding, larval development and post-metamorphic dispersal. Early thaw near occupied beaver lodges did not lead to earlier calling in wood frogs, and neither lodges nor canals were attractive oviposition sites compared to unmodified pond margins. Larval wood frogs primarily used unmodified pond margins and beaver canals, and avoided the central open water zone of the pond. Post-metamorphic wood frogs followed canals while dispersing from their natal pond. Thus, beaver canals linked aquatic and terrestrial environments: a potentially important consideration in the design of constructed wetlands.
Download or read book Frogs of the United States and Canada written by C. Kenneth Dodd Jr. and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2023-06-20 with total page 991 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The premiere reference book on the 108 species of frogs inhabiting North America north of Mexico. An unparalleled synthesis of the biology and behavior of all native and nonindigenous species, this two-volume, extensively referenced resource has been called the most important book ever published on North American anura. Color photographs and range maps accompany species accounts detailing information on etymology, nomenclature, identification, distribution, fossil record, systematics and geographic variation, life history and ecology, behavior, population and community biology, and conservation. This new edition of the text contains the following updates: Literature citations have been added from 2012 to 2021, now spanning from 1709 to 2021. Distribution maps have been updated, recording the decreased ranges due to declining amphibian populations. Photographs have been revised to ensure the highest digital quality. Anaxyrus williamsi and Lithobates kauffeldi, newly described species, have been included. An account is also included for Gastrophryne mazatlanensis, now recognized as occurring within the United States. Generic keys have been added. A brief section on N.A. frogs in history and art have been added. Nomenclature has been updated (Incilius for Ollotis). Now the only up-to-date and comprehensive resource for those trying to protect amphibians in the US and Canada, as well as for researchers and wildlife managers who study biodiversity"--
Download or read book The Evolution of Rhythm Cognition Timing in Music and Speech written by Andrea Ravignani and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-07-24 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human speech and music share a number of similarities and differences. One of the closest similarities is their temporal nature as both (i) develop over time, (ii) form sequences of temporal intervals, possibly differing in duration and acoustical marking by different spectral properties, which are perceived as a rhythm, and (iii) generate metrical expectations. Human brains are particularly efficient in perceiving, producing, and processing fine rhythmic information in music and speech. However a number of critical questions remain to be answered: Where does this human sensitivity for rhythm arise? How did rhythm cognition develop in human evolution? How did environmental rhythms affect the evolution of brain rhythms? Which rhythm-specific neural circuits are shared between speech and music, or even with other domains? Evolutionary processes’ long time scales often prevent direct observation: understanding the psychology of rhythm and its evolution requires a close-fitting integration of different perspectives. First, empirical observations of music and speech in the field are contrasted and generate testable hypotheses. Experiments exploring linguistic and musical rhythm are performed across sensory modalities, ages, and animal species to address questions about domain-specificity, development, and an evolutionary path of rhythm. Finally, experimental insights are integrated via synthetic modeling, generating testable predictions about brain oscillations underlying rhythm cognition and its evolution. Our understanding of the cognitive, neurobiological, and evolutionary bases of rhythm is rapidly increasing. However, researchers in different fields often work on parallel, potentially converging strands with little mutual awareness. This research topic builds a bridge across several disciplines, focusing on the cognitive neuroscience of rhythm as an evolutionary process. It includes contributions encompassing, although not limited to: (1) developmental and comparative studies of rhythm (e.g. critical acquisition periods, innateness); (2) evidence of rhythmic behavior in other species, both spontaneous and in controlled experiments; (3) comparisons of rhythm processing in music and speech (e.g. behavioral experiments, systems neuroscience perspectives on music-speech networks); (4) evidence on rhythm processing across modalities and domains; (5) studies on rhythm in interaction and context (social, affective, etc.); (6) mathematical and computational (e.g. connectionist, symbolic) models of “rhythmicity” as an evolved behavior.
Download or read book Amphibians Reptiles and Turtles of the Cimarron National Grassland Kansas written by Joseph T. Collins and published by Forest Service. This book was released on 2011 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pocket guide
Download or read book Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters written by Charles R. Goldman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-20 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of global warming on the physical, chemical, ecological structure and function and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems are not well understood and there are many opinions on how to adapt aquatic environments to global warming in order to minimize the negative effects of climate change. Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters presents a synthesis of the latest research on a whole range of inland water habitats – lakes, running water, wetlands – and offers novel and timely suggestions for future research, monitoring and adaptation strategies. A global approach, offered in this book, encompasses systems from the arctic to the Antarctic, including warm-water systems in the tropics and subtropics and presents a unique and useful source for all those looking for contemporary case studies and presentation of the latest research findings and discussion of mitigation and adaptation throughout the world. Edited by three of the leading limnologists in the field this book represents the latest developments with a focus not only on the impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems but also offers a framework and suggestions for future management strategies and how these can be implemented in the future. Limnologists, Climate change biologists, fresh water ecologists, palaeoclimatologists and students taking relevant courses within the earth and environmental sciences will find this book invaluable. The book will also be of interest to planners, catchment managers and engineers looking for solutions to broader environmental problems but who need to consider freshwater ecology.
Download or read book Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves written by Richard L. Schroeder and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amphibian Medicine and Captive Husbandry written by Kevin M. Wright and published by . This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is designed to introduce veterinary practitioners to the diagnosis and treatment of disease in captive amphibians. It covers various aspects of amphibian captive husbandry and propagation while providing the reader with a foundation on which to evaluate a given husbandry routine. The diagnosis of disease in amphibians by the application of basic clinicopathologic techniques is discussed, and infectious, metabolic, nutritional, neoplastic and idiopathic disorders of amphibians are also covered.
Download or read book Invasive Species and Human Health written by Giuseppe Mazza and published by CABI. This book was released on 2018-07-13 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive alien plants and animals are known for their disruption of ecosystems and threat to biodiversity. This book highlights their major impact on human health. This includes not only direct effects through contact with the species via bites, wounds and disease, but also indirect effects caused by changes induced in ecosystems by invasive species, such as more water hyacinth increasing mosquito levels and thereby the potential for malaria. Covering a wide range of case studies from different taxa (animals and plants), and giving an overview of the diverse impacts of invasive species on health in developed and developing countries, the book is a significant contribution that will help in prioritizing approaches to controlling invasive species and mitigating their health effects. It covers invasive plants, marine species, spiders and other arachnids, ticks and dust mites, insects, mosquitos and other diptera, freshwater species (invertebrates and fishes), amphibians and reptiles, birds and mammals. The broad spectrum of the analyzed case studies will ensure the appeal of the book to a wide public, including researchers of biological invasions, doctors, policy-makers and managers, and students of invasive species in ecology, animal and plant biology and public health medicine.
Download or read book Amphibians and Reptiles of Georgia written by John B. Jensen and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring more than 475 full-color photographs and 182 maps, this comprehensive guide to the state's diverse herpetofauna makes accessible a wealth of information about 170 species of frogs, salamanders, crocodilians, lizards, snakes, and turtles, including species attributes, behavior, life cycles, habitat, and more.
Download or read book Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico written by Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Committee on Standard English and Scientific Names and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Parasite Biodiversity written by Robert Poulin and published by Smithsonian Institution. This book was released on 2014-05-27 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, groundbreaking book on the biodiversity of parasites offers a clear and accessible explanation of how parasite biodiversity provides insight into the history and biogeography of other organisms, the structure of ecosystems, and the processes that lead to the diversification of life.
