Download or read book Motivational Effects on Test taking Performance Following Success and Failure Experiences written by Catherine Smith Nicoll and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How People Learn II written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many reasons to be curious about the way people learn, and the past several decades have seen an explosion of research that has important implications for individual learning, schooling, workforce training, and policy. In 2000, How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition was published and its influence has been wide and deep. The report summarized insights on the nature of learning in school-aged children; described principles for the design of effective learning environments; and provided examples of how that could be implemented in the classroom. Since then, researchers have continued to investigate the nature of learning and have generated new findings related to the neurological processes involved in learning, individual and cultural variability related to learning, and educational technologies. In addition to expanding scientific understanding of the mechanisms of learning and how the brain adapts throughout the lifespan, there have been important discoveries about influences on learning, particularly sociocultural factors and the structure of learning environments. How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures provides a much-needed update incorporating insights gained from this research over the past decade. The book expands on the foundation laid out in the 2000 report and takes an in-depth look at the constellation of influences that affect individual learning. How People Learn II will become an indispensable resource to understand learning throughout the lifespan for educators of students and adults.
Download or read book The Effect of Success and Failure Experiences on the Task Achievement and Motivation of Learners with Performance and Learning Goal Orientations written by Juanita Varian Copley and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Motivating Persistence in the Face of Failure written by Catherine Chi Chase and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Failure often presents a valuable learning opportunity, however, students may need motivational scaffolds to protect them from the negative psychological ramifications of failure. This work explored the effectiveness of a motivation-based intervention called an ego-protective buffer (EPB), that was designed to enhance persistence after failure. An ego-protective buffer (EPB) maintains a stable sense of competence by lessening the impact of failure on one's psyche. The specific instantiation of an EPB tested here was designed to elicit a combination of internal and external attributions for failure. External attributions protect one's sense of competence by averting the blame for failure away from the self, while internal attributions encourage students to take some responsibility for remedying the failure situation. Based on this theory, we embedded an EPB into the rule structure of a computer-based genetics game and unleashed it on 143 seventh graders. In the EPB condition, students were told that winning in the game was a probabilistic outcome, dependent on a combination of chance and skill on the part of the students. In the Control condition, students were told that winning in the game was a deterministic outcome, dependent on students' skill only. Students played the game during two class periods. Measures include pre- and posttests, motivational survey measures, and in-game behaviors. The EPB did have an effect on learning, but only amongst high-failing students. High-failing EPB students learned just as much as their low-failing counterparts. This was not so in the Control condition, where high-failing students learned far less than their low-failing counterparts. So the high-failing EPB group was behaving as if they were "buffered" from the effects of failure. We also found evidence of a possible mechanism behind this learning effect. In the high-failing EPB condition, students were equally likely to persist after success and failure, while in the Control condition, students were far more likely to persist after success, exhibiting risk averse behaviors. This difference was more exaggerated in a within-subjects comparison, contrasting the same individuals in situations of high and low failure. Finally, persistence after failure was associated with learning across the full sample of subjects. Regardless of condition or failure rate, students who persisted more after failure also learned more. This study, together with the author's related body of work, provides compelling evidence that an EPB is a viable intervention for encouraging persistence in the face of failure.
Download or read book Self related Cognitions in Anxiety and Motivation written by R. Schwarzer and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on anxiety and motivation has witnessed substantial progress in recent years in developing innovative perspectives and applying advanced psychometric tools. The most important contributions were made by cognitively oriented psychologists who have related the information processing view to anxiety and motivation. The organized knowledge about oneself and the storage, processing and retrieval of information concerned with one's attitude and behavior strongly influences the way people think, feel and act. Therefore, self-referent thoughts play a major role as a cognitive component in anxiety and motivation. It is the idea of this book to integrate different lines of thinking in the field of anxiety and motivation by relating both topics to self-focussed attention, self-concept and self-evaluation in achievement contexts as well as in social contexts.
Download or read book Achievement Motivation written by Fyans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book started as a symposium on Achievement Motiva tion at the 1978 American Educational Research Association Convention. The participants in that symposium were Jack Atkinson, Martin Maehr, Dick De Charms, Joel Raynor, and Dave Hunt. The subsequent response to that symposium indicated a "coming of age" for motivation theory in terms of education. Soon afterward, at a Motivation in Education Conference at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, it became apparent that due to this emergence of motivation what was needed was a comprehensive perspective as to the state of the art of achievement theory. Achievement theory had by now well surpassed its beginnings in the 1950s and 1960s and was ready for a composite presentation and profile of the recent research and theories of motivation. Thus, this volume was born. I would like to take this opportunity to thank each contribu tor to this book as well as Robert L. Linn who critically reviewed several of the manuscripts. Thanks are also due to my former graduate advisors, Martin L. Maehr, Maurice Tatsuoka, and Harry Triandis, for the viewpoints given me in graduate school education which I hope have benefitted this under taking. Joyce Fitch did a splendid joh typing many of these chapters and special gratitude should be given to Judy Cadle of Professional Services, Inc. for the composition and proofing of this book.
Download or read book Effects of Unsatisfied Achievement related Motivation on Persistence and Subsequent Performance written by Bernard Weiner and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Context and Cognitive Performance written by Pascal Huguet and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on twenty years of research on the social regulation of academic performances, this book offers theoretical and empirical arguments in favour of the inclusion of the social dimension of human beings as essential for their cognitive activities. We all engage in social interactions, compare ourselves with other people, belong to social groups, and are the object of a myriad of categorisations. Not only do such social experiences affect cognition, but they actually determine its form and its content. Several experiments indeed reveal that cognitive performance depends on the relationship between the individual and the social context in which cognition takes place. And this relationship is not forged directly by features of the situation, but rather by personal construals of these features (most notably social comparison). This fact alone justifies granting the individual's social experiences a psychological status and it further strengthens the key idea of this book, namely that the social context only exists through the intervention of cognitive processes of contextualization (producing a "cognitive context of the self") such as those involved in autobiographical memory. A "social psychology of cognition" is suggested, in which the fashionable distinction between cognition and social cognition makes no sense. From this innovative perspective it is indeed more the social nature of the individual rather than that of the object to be processed that defines the social nature of cognition. Well-known phenomena such as social facilitation and social loafing as well as established educational practices are also re-examined from this perspective.
Download or read book Test Anxiety written by Charles Donald Spielberger and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1995 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1995. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Motivation and Action written by Jutta Heckhausen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition provides translations of all chapters of the most recent fifth German edition of Motivation and Action, including several entirely new chapters. It provides comprehensive coverage of the history of motivation, and introduces up-to-date theories and new research findings. Early sections provide a broad introduction to, and deep understanding of, the field of motivation psychology, mapping out different perspectives and research traditions. Subsequent chapters examine major themes of human motivation, including achievement, affiliation, and power motivation as well as the fundamentals of motivation psychology, such as motivated and goal oriented behaviors, implicit and explicit motives, and the regulation of development. In addition, the book discusses the roles of motivation in three practical fields: school and college, the workplace, and sports. Topics featured in this text include: Social Relationships and its effects on sexual or intimacy motivation. Conscious and unconscious motivators of behavior. Drives and incentives in the fields of achievement, intimacy, sociability and power. How the biochemistry and structures of our brain shapes motivated behavior. How to engage in intentional goal-directed behavior. The potential and limits of motivation and self-direction in shaping our lives. Motivation and Action, Third Edition, is a must-have resource for undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers in the fields of motivation psychology, cognitive psychology, and social psychology, as well as personality psychology and agency. About the Editor: Jutta Heckhausen is the daughter of Heinz Heckhausen, who published "Motivation and Action” as a monograph in 1980 and who died in 1988 just before the 2nd edition came out. Dr. Heckhausen received her Ph.D. in 1985 from the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow with a dissertation about early mother-child interaction, and did her Habilitation in 1996 at the Free University of Berlin with a monograph about developmental regulation in adulthood. Dr. Heckhausen worked for many years at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin, conducting research about the role of motivation in lifespan development. She is currently a professor of psychology at the University of California, Irvine.
Download or read book The Effect of Subjective Probability of Success and Success and Failure on Task Resumption written by Geri Lynn Stewart and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two independent studies were undertaken to test predic tions concerning resumption of tasks following induced success and failure experiences. Predictions for both stud ies were derived from a theory of achievement motivation formulated by J.W. Atkinson. Ss for Study I were selected on the basis of their scores on a probability-of-success ques tionnaire which required Ss to estimate their chances of success in several task situations. It was predicted that, in a forced-choice situation, Ss with high questionnaire scores (high expectancies of success) would tend to resume the task on which they had just experi enced failure rather than the task on which they had just ex perienced success. It was further predicted that Ss with low expectancies of success would tend to resume the task on which they had just experienced success. The results obtained for Study I revealed that almost all Ss chose to resume the task on which they had succeeded. This lack of variability in resumption choices made a clear- cut interpretation of the results impossible: the results could be regarded as negative evidence for Atkinson's theory, on the one hand, or the findings could be considered in terms of some methodological defect in the present study, on the other hand. The latter possibility was regarded as the most plausible one. In order to establish a general difficulty level for the experimental task among the Study I Ss, the instructions to Ss had included references to the performance level attained by a high-ability norm group on the same task. It was felt that this use of a high ability norm group may have obliterated the anticipated effect of success and failure upon Ss' expectancies of success. In an attempt to clarify this possibility, three differ ent norm groups of varying ability levels were used in Study II. It was expected that Ss working under conditions in which a low-ability norm group was used, would tend to have initially high expectancies of success for the experimental task. It was further expected that Ss working under a high-ability norm group would tend to have initially low expectancies of success. It was predicted that Ss working under the high-ability norm group would tend to resume the success task in a forced- choice situation, while Ss working under a low-ability norm group would tend to resume the failure task. Resumption choices made by these Ss did not, however, support the predictions. Nearly all Ss chose to resume the task on which they had experienced success. The lack of expected findings in both Studies I and II were discussed in terras of several other possible methodologi cal defects. Perhaps the most plausible explanation of the results centers around the ego-involvement variable; the possibility that Ss were not ego-involved in these two stud ies appears likely. If Ss were not ego-involved, then deriva tions from Atkinson ' s' t heory were not tested in these two studi es. Suggestions for modifications of the present design and for additional research in this area were offered.
Download or read book Experiments in Motivation written by Hans Jurgen Eysenck and published by Reader's Digest Young Families. This book was released on 1964 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Competence and Motivation Second Edition written by Andrew J. Elliot and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now completely revised (over 90% new), this handbook established the concept of competence as an organizing framework for the field of achievement motivation. With an increased focus on connecting theory to application, the second edition incorporates diverse perspectives on why and how individuals are motivated to work toward competence in school, work, sports, and other settings. Leading authorities present cutting-edge findings on the psychological, sociocultural, and biological processes that shape competence motivation across development, analyzing the role of intelligence, self-regulated learning, emotions, creativity, gender and racial stereotypes, self-perceptions, achievement values, parenting practices, teacher behaviors, workplace environments, and many other factors. As a special bonus, purchasers of the second edition can download a supplemental e-book featuring several notable, highly cited chapters from the first edition. ÿ New to This Edition *Most chapters are new, reflecting over a decade of theoretical and methodological developments. *Each chapter now has an applied as well as conceptual focus, showcasing advances in intervention research. *Additional topics: self-regulation in early childhood, self-determination theory, challenge and threat appraisals, performance incentives, achievement emotions, job burnout, gene-environment interactions, class-based models of competence, and the impact of social group membership. *Supplemental e-book featuring selected chapters from the prior edition.
Download or read book Test Anxiety written by Irwin G. Sarason and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavior Health and Environmental Stress written by Sheldon Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight years ago, four psychologists with varying backgrounds but a common in terest in the impact of environmental stress on behavior and health met to plan a study of the effects of aircraft noise on children. The impetus for the study was an article in the Los Angeles Times about architectural interventions that were planned for several noise-impacted schools under the air corridor of Los Angeles Interna tional Airport. These interventions created an opportunity to study the same chil dren during noise exposure and then later after the exposure had been attenuated. The study was designed to test the generality of several noise effects that had been well established in laboratory experimental studies. It focused on three areas: the relationship between noise and personal control, noise and attention, and noise and cardiovascular response. Two years later, a second study, designed to replicate and extend findings from the first, was conducted.
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
