Download or read book Mortality Estimation for National Populations written by Alan D. Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring progress toward global health and development goals requires a basic understanding of levels, patterns, and trends in mortality. National health, population, and social services planning also depend on reliably measuring mortality rates. Yet current practice in estimating mortality levels in populations does not adequately capture the impact of recent public health crises, including the AIDS epidemic, war, and natural disasters. Mortality Estimation for National Populations provides a comprehensive methodological reassessment on how mortality is measured, resulting in new, unbiased, and comparable estimates of age-specific mortality rates, life expectancy by age, and other health indicators for 187 national populations. A novel feature of this work is the estimation of annual mortality rates from 1970 to 2011, providing important perspectives on the pace of mortality change in countries. To provide better age- and sex-specific measurements for all-cause mortality, this book thoroughly updates formal demographic methods including summary birth history, sibling survival, and death distribution methods. Innovative statistical models such as spatial-temporal and Gaussian process regressions are used as data synthesizing tools. New demographic models to estimate mortality for neonatal age groups and new model life tables are developed and applied. Validation studies demonstrate that these new methods provide estimates with higher predictive validity than those based on conventional methods. Detailed case studies of the methods' application to Ethiopia, India, and Nicaragua are included. Christopher J.L. Murray is professor of global health and director of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington. Alan D. Lopez is head of the School of Population Health at the University of Queensland, Australia. Haidong Wang is assistant professor of global health at IHME.

Download or read book Research Ethics in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-13 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Situations involving conflict and forced migration have become increasingly commonplace in today's world. The need to understand the causes, consequences, and characteristics of these situations is creating a burgeoning field of research. But given the nature of complex emergency settings, traditional research guidelines may be inappropriate. The research and policy community has recognized this problem and has begun to address issues surrounding the ethics of doing research in emergency settings and among conflict-affected and displaced populations. The Roundtable on the Demography of Forced Migration, under the aegis of the Committee on Population of the National Research Council, held a workshop to examine some of these issues. This report to the roundtable summarizes the workshop presentations and discussion.

Download or read book High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working Age Adults written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Framework for Assessing Mortality and Morbidity After Large Scale Disasters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-12-25 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of a large-scale disaster, from the initial devastation through the long tail of recovery, protecting the health and well-being of the affected individuals and communities is paramount. Accurate and timely information about mortality and significant morbidity related to the disaster are the cornerstone of the efforts of the disaster management enterprise to save lives and prevent further health impacts. Conversely, failure to accurately capture mortality and significant morbidity data undercuts the nation's capacity to protect its population. Information about disaster-related mortality and significant morbidity adds value at all phases of the disaster management cycle. As a disaster unfolds, the data are crucial in guiding response and recovery priorities, ensuring a common operating picture and real-time situational awareness across stakeholders, and protecting vulnerable populations and settings at heightened risk. A Framework for Assessing Mortality and Morbidity After Large-Scale Disasters reviews and describes the current state of the field of disaster-related mortality and significant morbidity assessment. This report examines practices and methods for data collection, recording, sharing, and use across state, local, tribal, and territorial stakeholders; evaluates best practices; and identifies areas for future resource investment.

Download or read book Estimation of Mortality Rates in Stage Structured Population written by Simon N. Wood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stated aims of the Lecture Notes in Biomathematics allow for work that is "unfinished or tentative". This volume is offered in that spirit. The problem addressed is one of the classics of statistical ecology, the estimation of mortality rates from stage-frequency data, but in tackling it we found ourselves making use of ideas and techniques very different from those we expected to use, and in which we had no previous experience. Specifically we drifted towards consideration of some rather specific curve and surface fitting and smoothing techniques. We think we have made some progress (otherwise why publish?), but are acutely aware of the conceptual and statistical clumsiness of parts of the work. Readers with sufficient expertise to be offended should regard the monograph as a challenge to do better. The central theme in this book is a somewhat complex algorithm for mortality estimation (detailed at the end of Chapter 4). Because of its complexity, the job of implementing the method is intimidating. Any reader interested in using the methods may obtain copies of our code as follows: Intelligible Structured Code 1. Hutchinson and deHoog's algorithm for fitting smoothing splines by cross validation 2. Cubic covariant area-approximating splines 3. Cubic interpolating splines 4. Cubic area matching splines 5. Hyman's algorithm for monotonic interpolation based on cubic splines. Prototype User-Hostile Code 6. Positive constrained interpolation 7. Positive constrained area matching 8. The "full method" from chapter 4 9. The "simpler" method from chapter 4.

Download or read book Mortality Patterns in National Populations written by Samuel H. Preston and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mortality Patterns in National Populations: With Special Reference to Recorded Causes of Death aims to interpret the account left by millions of death certificates that have been recorded in 43 nations. The book discusses a ""model"" of the cause structure of mortality at various levels of mortality from all causes combined; the effect of various causes on the chances of death and longevity; and the contribution of economic factors to declines in mortality during the 20th century. The text also describes the causes of death and age patterns of mortality; the causes of death responsible for variation in sex mortality differentials; and the demographic and social consequences of various causes of death in the United States. Demographers and ecologists will find the book invaluable.

Download or read book Collecting Data for the Estimation of Fertility and Mortality written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Population and Demography. Panel on Data Collection and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1981 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Subnational Population Estimates written by David A. Swanson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a unified and comprehensive treatment of the theory and techniques of sub-national population estimation, this much-needed publication does more than collate disparate source material. It examines hitherto unexplored methodological links between differing types of estimation from both the demographic and sample-survey traditions and is a self-contained primer that combines academic rigor with a wealth of real-world examples that are useful models for demographers. Between censuses, which are expensive, administratively complex, and thus infrequent, demographers and government officials must estimate population using either demographic modeling techniques or statistical surveys that sample a fraction of residents. These estimates play a central role in vital decisions that range from funding allocations and rate-setting to education, health and housing provision. They also provide important data to companies undertaking market research. However, mastering small-area and sub-national population estimation is complicated by scattered, incomplete and outdated academic sources—an issue this volume tackles head-on. Rapidly increasing population mobility is making inter-census estimation ever more important to strategic planners. This book will make the theory and techniques involved more accessible to anyone with an interest in developing or using population estimates.

Download or read book Premature Death in the New Independent States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-05-27 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there have been alarming reports of rapid decreases in life expectancy in the New Independent States (former members of the Soviet Union). To help assess priorities for health policy, the Committee on Population organized two workshopsâ€"the first on adult mortality and disability, the second on adult health priorities and policies. Participants included demographers, epidemiologists, public health specialists, economists, and policymakers from the NIS countries, the United States, and Western Europe. This volume consists of selected papers presented at the workshops. They assess the reliability of data on mortality, morbidity, and disability; analyze regional patterns and trends in mortality rates and causes of death; review evidence about major determinants of adult mortality; and discuss implications for health policy.

Download or read book A Technique for Estimating Population from Mortality Data written by Carl Martin Frisen and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Subnational Estimation of Period Child Mortality in a Low and Middle Income Countries Context written by Jessica Godwin and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child mortality is an important metric used in quantifying and monitoring the health of a population's children. Moreover, child mortality can be a key indicator of the overall health of a population, and is often used to quantify mortality at other ages. Over the past several decades, there have been huge global reductions in child mortality. However, child mortality remains large in many low and middle income countries (LMICs). The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for a reduction of child mortality in the period 2015--2030. In particular, SDG 3.2 continues the global initiative to improve chid mortality outcomes by calling for an end to preventable child deaths and reaching a target under-five mortality rate (U5MR) of 25 deaths before age 5 per 1000 births and 12 deaths per 1000 births in the first month of life by the year 2030. Many methods exist for estimation of national child mortality measures, but there is a growing desire for more and better methods for subnational estimation of child mortality. Improved methods for subnational estimation of U5MR can allow for a better understanding of the geographic differences of trends in U5MR and more targeted intervention for child mortality reduction. Though there are many ways to think about geographic variability within a country, in this thesis we focus on the administrative divisions of a country that have political and infrastructural meaning. The national level of a country is referred to as Admin-0, the coarsest subnational administrative division is referred to as Admin-1, and the next coarsest as Admin-2. Many sources of child mortality data collect information for which Admin-1 estimates are reasonable, but this leads to small sample sizes at the Admin-2 level. The focus of this thesis is on subnational child mortality estimation at the Admin-2 level. In this thesis, we provide a review of demographic and statistical methods for age-specific period child mortality, synthesize notation across fields, and develop two methods for subnational estimation of U5MR at the Admin-2 data in LMICs. We make use of child mortality data from household surveys throughout this thesis and discuss in detail how an individual's mortality information is used in various existing demographic and statistical methods for mortality estimation. The two methods we develop for subnational child mortality estimation in LMICs at the Admin-2 level take different approaches to accounting for the method of data collection in the household surveys and one method incorporates census data. We apply the method developed to incorporate census data separately to the countries of Kenya and Malawi. We find mixed evidence of improvements in estimation with the incorporation of census data, and note the method's shortcomings when small sample sizes result in many Admin-2 areas with no observed deaths. The limitations of this method, motivate the need for a method that can be applied more broadly to countries with sparser coverage of household survey data. We develop a method and reproducible, replicable pipeline for data acquisition, cleaning, estimation, and visualization. We apply this method to Admin-1 and Admin-2 levels in 22 LMICs, fitting separate models for each country and administrative division. The country-specific modeling and steps in the pipeline allow us to address the unique context of child mortality in each country if the generic base model is inappropriate, such as in countries with generalized HIV/AIDs epidemics, the genocide events in Rwanda, and Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar. The estimates for 22 LMICs have been published in collaboration with UNICEF and the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, have undergone review in consultations with country representatives, and are available at \url{https://childmortality.org}. This thesis improves on the current understanding in the processing and use of child mortality data in the literature and develops two new methods for estimation of child mortality in LMICs at the Admin-2 level. In particular, the development of a clearly-defined and replicable pipeline that allows for easy adaptation to address the unique mortality estimation needs of individual countries fills a previous gap in existing methodology. However, there are areas for future research and methodological improvement. Throughout the thesis we make note of ongoing work to improve existing aspects of the developed methods and make clear the issues that remain unaddressed.

Download or read book Disease and Mortality in Sub Saharan Africa written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current data and trends in morbidity and mortality for the sub-Saharan Region as presented in this new edition reflect the heavy toll that HIV/AIDS has had on health indicators, leading to either a stalling or reversal of the gains made, not just for communicable disorders, but for cancers, as well as mental and neurological disorders.

Download or read book State of the World s Children written by UNICEF. and published by UNICEF. This book was released on 2009 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 20 November 2009, the global community celebrates the 20th anniversary of the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the unique document that sets international standards for the care, treatment and protection of all individuals below age 18. To celebrate this landmark, the United Nations Children's Fund is dedicating a special edition of its flagship report The State of the World's Children to examining the Convention's evolution, progress achieved on child rights, challenges remaining, and actions to be taken to ensure that its promise becomes a reality for all children.

Download or read book Computer Programs for Demographic Estimation written by Hania Zlotnik and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1981 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Small Area Estimation written by J. N. K. Rao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-02-25 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible introduction to indirect estimation methods, both traditional and model-based. Readers will also find the latest methods for measuring the variability of the estimates as well as the techniques for model validation. Uses a basic area-level linear model to illustrate the methods Presents the various extensions including binary response data through generalized linear models and time series data through linear models that combine cross-sectional and time series features Provides recent applications of SAE including several in U.S. Federal programs Offers a comprehensive discussion of the design issues that impact SAE

Download or read book Estimation of Recent Trends in Fertility and Mortality in Bangladesh written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1885 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Accounting for Health and Health Care written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-05 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become trite to observe that increases in health care costs have become unsustainable. How best for policy to address these increases, however, depends in part on the degree to which they represent increases in the real quantity of medical services as opposed to increased unit prices of existing services. And an even more fundamental question is the degree to which the increased spending actually has purchased improved health. Accounting for Health and Health Care addresses both these issues. The government agencies responsible for measuring unit prices for medical services have taken steps in recent years that have greatly improved the accuracy of those measures. Nonetheless, this book has several recommendations aimed at further improving the price indices.