Download or read book Monte Carlo Calculations of Light Scattering from Clouds written by Plass, Gilbert N. and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scattering of visible light by clouds is calculated from an efficient Monte Carlo code which follows the multiply scattered path of the photon. The single scattering phase function is obtained from the Mie theory by integration over a particle size distribution. The photons are followed through a sufficient number of collisions and reflections from the lower surface (which may have any desired albedo) until they make a negligible contribution to the intensity. Various variance reduction techniques were used to improve the statistics. The reflected and transmitted intensity is studied as a function of solar zenith angle, optical thickness, and surface albedo. The downward flux, cloud albedo, and mean optical path of the transmitted and reflected photons are given as a function of these same parameters. The numerous small angle scatterings of the photon in the direction of the incident beam are followed accurately and produce a greater penetration into the cloud than is obtained with a more isotropic and less realistic phase function. (Author).
Download or read book FLASH a Monte Carlo Procedure for Use in Calculating Light Scattering in a Spherical Shell Atmosphere written by D. G. Collins and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monte Carlo Calculations of the Scattering of 450 550 and 650 Nm Wavelength Light in Model Atmospheres for Point Isotropic Sources written by Michael B. Wells and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The FLARE Monte Carlo procedure, which computes the transport of monochromatic light emitted by either point or plane-parallel sources in a plane atmosphere, was made operational. The FLARE procedure treats problems involving light transport in atmospheres where the scattering and absorption processes vary with altitude. The FLARE procedure was used to compute the scattered and direct intensities as a function of direction and horizontal range at receiver altitudes of 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 km. Problems were run for 550 nm wavelength point isotropic sources at 1, 2, 5, 20 and 80 km altitude in a model atmosphere with a ground level meteorological range of 10 km. Calculations were made for the 550 nm wavelength point isotropic source at 2 km altitude in model atmospheres with ground level meteorological ranges of 3, 10, 25, and 50 km. Additional calculations were also performed for 450, 550, and 650 nm wavelength point isotropic sources at 2 km altitude in the model atmosphere with a 10 km ground level meteorological range. (Author).
Download or read book Light Transport in the Atmosphere Volume I Monte Carlo Studies written by Michael B. Wells and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Monte Carlo codes LITE-I and LITE-II were used to compute light transmission data for point and plane sources. The results of these calculations showed that there is no correlation between the scattered transmission data for point isotropic and plane parallel sources. The LITE codes were used to analyze experimental data on light transport in the atmosphere. Reasonably good agreement was obtained for those cases where data were available to adequately describe the atmosphere at the time of the experiments. Calculations were performed to determine the angular dependence of the number albedo from thick cumulus clouds for 0.45 light incident at various angles to the cloud. The polar angular distributions of the reflected photons were found to be cosine distributions and the total number albedo was expressed mathematically. Studies were performed to determine the sensitivity of the LITE-I calculated scattered intensities for a point isotropic monochromatic source to changes in the source and receiver altitudes, aerosol number density, aerosol phase function, altitude variation of the aerosol scattering coefficient and the altitude of the bottom of a cloud layer above the source point. It was found for the source-receiver geometry considered in these studies that the LITE calculations were more sensitive to changes in the number density of the aerosol particles than to changes in the shape of the aerosol phase function. (Author).
Download or read book 3D Radiative Transfer in Cloudy Atmospheres written by Alexander Marshak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-27 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in three-dimensional cloud radiation over the past few decades are assessed and distilled into this contributed volume. Chapters are authored by subject-matter experts who address a broad audience of graduate students, researchers, and anyone interested in cloud-radiation processes in the solar and infrared spectral regions. After two introductory chapters and a section on the fundamental physics and computational techniques, the volume extensively treats two main application areas: the impact of clouds on the Earth's radiation budget, which is an essential aspect of climate modeling; and remote observation of clouds, especially with the advanced sensors on current and future satellite missions.
Download or read book NOAA Technical Report NESDIS written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Radiation Balance of the Earth atmosphere System from Radiation Measurements of the Nimbus 2 Meteorological Satellite written by Ehrhard Raschke and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA Technical Note written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles written by Michael I. Mishchenko and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-09-22 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is hardly a field of science or engineering that does not have some interest in light scattering by small particles. For example, this subject is important to climatology because the energy budget for the Earth's atmosphere is strongly affected by scattering of solar radiation by cloud and aerosol particles, and the whole discipline of remote sensing relies largely on analyzing the parameters of radiation scattered by aerosols, clouds, and precipitation. The scattering of light by spherical particles can be easily computed using the conventional Mie theory. However, most small solid particles encountered in natural and laboratory conditions have nonspherical shapes. Examples are soot and mineral aerosols, cirrus cloud particles, snow and frost crystals, ocean hydrosols, interplanetary and cometary dust grains, and microorganisms. It is now well known that scattering properties of nonspherical particles can differ dramatically from those of "equivalent" (e.g., equal-volume or equal-surface-area) spheres. Therefore, the ability to accurately compute or measure light scattering by nonspherical particles in order to clearly understand the effects of particle nonsphericity on light scattering is very important. The rapid improvement of computers and experimental techniques over the past 20 years and the development of efficient numerical approaches have resulted in major advances in this field which have not been systematically summarized. Because of the universal importance of electromagnetic scattering by nonspherical particles, papers on different aspects of this subject are scattered over dozens of diverse research and engineering journals. Often experts in one discipline (e.g., biology) are unaware of potentially useful results obtained in another discipline (e.g., antennas and propagation). This leads to an inefficient use of the accumulated knowledge and unnecessary redundancy in research activities. This book offers the first systematic and unified discussion of light scattering by nonspherical particles and its practical applications and represents the state-of-the-art of this important research field. Individual chapters are written by leading experts in respective areas and cover three major disciplines: theoretical and numerical techniques, laboratory measurements, and practical applications. An overview chapter provides a concise general introduction to the subject of nonspherical scattering and should be especially useful to beginners and those interested in fast practical applications. The audience for this book will include graduate students, scientists, and engineers working on specific aspects of electromagnetic scattering by small particles and its applications in remote sensing, geophysics, astrophysics, biomedical optics, and optical engineering. The first systematic and comprehensive treatment of electromagnetic scattering by nonspherical particles and its applications Individual chapters are written by leading experts in respective areas Includes a survey of all the relevant literature scattered over dozens of basic and applied research journals Consistent use of unified definitions and notation makes the book a coherent volume An overview chapter provides a concise general introduction to the subject of light scattering by nonspherical particles Theoretical chapters describe specific easy-to-use computer codes publicly available on the World Wide Web Extensively illustrated with over 200 figures, 4 in color
Download or read book OAR Cumulative Index of Research Results written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cloud Optics written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-07 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds affect the climate of the Earth, and they are an important factor in the weather. Therefore, their radiative properties must be understood in great detail. This book summarizes current knowledge on cloud optical properties, for example their ability to absorb, transmit, and reflect light, which depends on the clouds’ geometrical and microphysical characteristics such as sizes of droplets and crystals, their shapes, and structures. In addition, problems related to the image transfer through clouds and cloud remote sensing are addressed in this book in great detail. This book can be an important source of information on theoretical cloud optics for cloud physicists, meteorologists and optical engineers. All basic ideas of optics as related to scattering of light in clouds (e.g. Mie theory and radiative transfer) are considered in a self consistent way. Consequently, the book can also be a useful textbook to newcomers to the field.
Download or read book The Monte Carlo Methods in Atmospheric Optics written by G.I. Marchuk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is devoted to urgent questions of the theory and applications of the Monte Carlo method for solving problems of atmospheric optics and hydrooptics. The importance of these problems has grown because of the increas ing need to interpret optical observations, and to estimate radiative balance precisely for weather forecasting. Inhomogeneity and sphericity of the atmos phere, absorption in atmospheric layers, multiple scattering and polarization of light, all create difficulties in solving these problems by traditional methods of computational mathematics. Particular difficulty arises when one must solve nonstationary problems of the theory of transfer of narrow beams that are connected with the estimation of spatial location and time characteristics of the radiation field. The most universal method for solving those problems is the Monte Carlo method, which is a numerical simulation of the radiative-transfer process. This process can be regarded as a Markov chain of photon collisions in a medium, which result in scattering or absorption. The Monte Carlo tech nique consists in computational simulation of that chain and in constructing statistical estimates of the desired functionals. The authors of this book have contributed to the development of mathemati cal methods of simulation and to the interpretation of optical observations. A series of general method using Monte Carlo techniques has been developed. The present book includes theories and algorithms of simulation. Numerical results corroborate the possibilities and give an impressive prospect of the applications of Monte Carlo methods.
Download or read book Light Scattering Reviews 5 written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-05 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light scattering by densely packed inhomogeneous media is a particularly ch- lenging optics problem. In most cases, only approximate methods are used for the calculations. However, in the case where only a small number of macroscopic sc- tering particles are in contact (clusters or aggregates) it is possible to obtain exact results solving Maxwell’s equations. Simulations are possible, however, only for a relativelysmallnumberofparticles,especiallyiftheirsizesarelargerthanthewa- length of incident light. The ?rst review chapter in PartI of this volume, prepared by Yasuhiko Okada, presents modern numerical techniques used for the simulation of optical characteristics of densely packed groups of spherical particles. In this case, Mie theory cannot provide accurate results because particles are located in the near ?eld of each other and strongly interact. As a matter of fact, Maxwell’s equations must be solved not for each particle separately but for the ensemble as a whole in this case. The author describes techniques for the generation of shapes of aggregates. The orientation averaging is performed by a numerical integration with respect to Euler angles. The numerical aspects of various techniques such as the T-matrix method, discrete dipole approximation, the ?nite di?erence time domain method, e?ective medium theory, and generalized multi-particle Mie so- tion are presented. Recent advances in numerical techniques such as the grouping and adding method and also numerical orientation averaging using a Monte Carlo method are discussed in great depth.
Download or read book Light Scattering Reviews written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-03 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an account of recent developments in light scattering media optics. Leading researchers focus on both the theoretical and experimental results in the area. In particular, light scattering by ice crystals, soil particles and biological particles is considered. This volume first discusses single light scattering, followed by multiple light scattering and finally examines possible applications in combustion and marine research.
Download or read book U S Government Research Development Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electromagnetic Scattering by Particles and Particle Groups written by Michael I. Mishchenko and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A self-contained, accessible introduction to the basic concepts, formalism and recent advances in electromagnetic scattering, for researchers and graduate students.
