Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Yangon peri urban poultry farmers Early July 2020 survey round written by Fang, Peixun and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poultry farmers in Myanmar were originally interviewed by telephone in early and late June 2020 to determine how their businesses were being affected by COVID-19 related restrictions. The results of those surveys were published in Myanmar Strategy Support Program Policy Notes 11 and 13, respectively. To trace the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their economic activities, a third phone survey of poultry farmers was done in early July 2020. The third survey included 247 poultry farmers (177 broiler and 70 layer farms) in the Yangon peri-urban area (Ayeyarwady, Bago, and Yangon regions) who had been interviewed for the second round of the survey. The same survey questionnaire was used. This Policy Note reports on the results of the third survey round.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Yangon peri urban poultry farmers late July 2020 survey round written by Fang, Peixun and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The price of broilers continued to gradually decrease in the second half of July as supply increased – recent prices are close to the 2019 average. The skyrocketing rise in the price of broiler day-old-chicks stopped in July thanks to the Myanmar government having allowed since mid-May the importation of 3.8 million day-old-chicks. Egg prices continued to increase, growing by 14 percent from 2,300 MMK/viss in late June to 2,620 MMK/viss in late July. Cash flow is still very poor for broiler farms and worsened considerably in late July for layer farms. The PMI operational capacity indices for broiler and layer farms were much lower than those of 2019. The indices for June and July 2020 were very similar, suggesting that the operational capacity of both broiler and layer farms did not improve in July. The PMI revenue index for layer farms increased considerably in July but is still much lower than the revenue index for broiler farms. This finding suggests that COVID-19 has impacted the revenue of layer farms more significantly than the revenue of broiler farms. Supply shortages of day-old-chicks remain a bottleneck for both broiler and layer farms. Price increases for feed have become a new challenge.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Yangon peri urban poultry farmers Early June 2020 survey round in Burmese written by Fang, Peixun and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-07-03 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Yangon peri urban poultry farmers Late June 2020 survey round written by Fang, Peixun and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing demand for chicken, the reopening rate of broiler farms in June has overtaken closures. Their challenges have switched from the demand side to the supply side due to a shortage of day-old-chicks. However, more layer farms closed in June than previously. The share of layer farms that are operational decreased from 90 to 85 percent with further decreases expected. Cash flow remains the main driver of poultry farms closures. Even though most operational farms did not have problems selling their products due to increasing demand, cash flow remains a problem for them. In the second half of June, cash flow slightly improved for boiler farms, while it slightly worsened for layer farms. The price of broilers peaked at 5,350 MMK/viss in early June due to a supply shortage. Since then, the price has fallen to around 4,000 MMK/viss with recent increases in supply. Supply shortages of day-old broiler chicks was the main problem that prevented broiler farms from fully recovering their operational capacity. Some broiler farms expect their total revenue to increase, while others expect a decrease. In the past two weeks, the number of hired regular workers in operational poultry farms has further decreased by approximately one worker per farm. Since March, total job losses among the 275 surveyed farms was 900 – 39 percent of the total labor on those farms.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Yangon peri urban poultry farmers Early July 2020 survey round in Burmese written by Fang, Peixun and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-08-13 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Yangon peri urban poultry farmers November 2020 survey round written by Fang, Peixun and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-12-22 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poultry farmers in Myanmar were interviewed by telephone in early June, late June, early July, late July, and August 2020 to determine how their businesses were being affected by COVID-19 related restrictions. The results of those surveys were published in Myanmar Strategy Support Program Policy Notes 11, 13, 19, 21, and 28, respectively. To trace the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their economic activities, a sixth round of the phone survey of poultry farmers was done in November 2020. The sixth round sample included 226 poultry farmers (162 broiler and 64 layer farms) in the Yangon peri-urban area (Ayeyarwady, Bago, and Yangon regions) who had been interviewed in the first five rounds of the survey. The same survey questionnaire was used. This survey round is three months after the August survey round, so most broiler farms should have finished a full production cycle between the two last survey rounds. This Policy Note reports on the results of this sixth survey round.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Yangon peri urban poultry farmers August 2020 survey round written by Fang, Peixun and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poultry farmers in Myanmar were interviewed by telephone in early June, late June, early July, and late July 2020 to determine how their businesses were being affected by COVID-19 related restrictions. The results of those surveys were published in Myanmar Strategy Support Program Policy Notes 11, 13, 19, and 21, respectively. To trace the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their economic activities, a fifth phone survey of poultry farmers was done in August 2020. The fifth survey included 228 poultry farmers (163 broiler and 65 layer farms) in the Yangon peri-urban area (Ayeyarwady, Bago, and Yangon regions) who had been interviewed in the first four rounds of the survey. The same survey questionnaire was used. Because this survey round is about two months after the early June survey round, which is the length of a full broiler production cycle, we again asked questions in this round about the last complete broiler production cycle. This Policy Note reports on the results of this fifth survey round.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Yangon peri urban poultry farmers Late July 2020 survey round in Burmese written by Fang, Peixun and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Yangon peri urban poultry farmers Late June 2020 survey round in Burmese written by Fang, Peixun and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impacts of COVID 19 on Myanmar s agri food system Evidence base and policy implications written by Researchers of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between April and October 2020, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Michigan State University (MSU), with support from the United States Agency of International Development (USAID) and the Livelihoods and Food Security Fund (LIFT), have undertaken analyses of secondary data combined with regular telephone surveys of actors at all stages of Myanmar’s agri-food system in order to better understand the impacts of COVID-19 on the system. These analyses show that the volume of agribusiness has slowed considerably in Myanmar since COVID-19 restrictions were put in place. There is lower demand from farmers for agricultural inputs and mechanization services and lower volumes of produce traded, especially exports to neighboring countries whose borders are closed. All actors in the agri-food system are facing liquidity constraints and experiencing increased difficulties in both borrowing and recovering loans.

Download or read book Monitoring the impacts of COVID 19 in Myanmar Food vendors June and July 2020 survey round written by Minten, Bart and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is feared that the COVID-19 pandemic will lead to widespread increases in global poverty and food insecurity and that these negative impacts will concentrate on the most vulnerable segments of the population (Swinnen and McDermott 2020). Although Myanmar, with one of the lowest COVID-19 infection rates in the world, has been spared the worst direct impacts of the disease, its economy remains highly vulnerable to the economic fallout of the contagion. A major contributor to increased food insecurity in Myanmar is the reduction of income among vulnerable populations (Diao et al. 2020), partly due to significant declines in remittances in the country (Diao and Wang 2020). In addition, disruptions to food marketing systems and changes in farm and consumer prices could also turn out to be major drivers of food insecurity. Changes in food markets – including supply of commodities and transport - and food and agricultural prices are an obvious concern to policy makers, given the importance of agricultural prices for the income of farmers and food prices for the purchasing power of consumers.

Download or read book Maize production farm size and tied credit in Southern Shan State Myanmar written by Fang, Peixun and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents results from by far the most comprehensive survey of maize cultivators ever conducted in Myanmar. This research was designed to test characterizations of hybrid maize farming from the literature on Myanmar empirically, and identify implications for development policy and programming. Our survey represented the population of all maize growing village tracts in the nine major maize growing townships of southern Shan where the security situation at the time of the survey permitted access. A total 884 maize growing and 678 non-maize growing rural households were interviewed. We summarize key survey results and their implications below. Numbers of maize growers in southern Shan more than tripled between 2007 and 2017. Households with larger landholdings are more likely to farm maize. Many farmers grew local maize varieties before growing hybrids. Farming maize does not reduce crop diversity. Most food eaten by rural households in southern Shan is purchased. There is little difference in the value or composition of foods eaten by maize and non-maize farming households, but maize growers obtain a larger share of their food from own production than non-maize growing farm households. Maize is by far the most important crop grown the areas surveyed in terms of contribution to cash incomes. Hybrid maize seed has been adopted widely in southern Shan. Adoption of hybrid maize has been accompanied by big increases in fertilizer use. Fertilizer application and maize yields have climbed over the past decade. Maize yields vary little with farm size, but small farms apply inputs to maize more intensively than large farms. Average maize yields are lower than in other countries in the region. Women contribute 55% of all labor inputs for maize farming. Chemical inputs make up the largest share of production costs. Interest on loans amounts to just 4% of total maize production costs for households who avail credit for maize cultivation. Average gross margins for maize during 2017 were modest, but only 5% of maize growers made losses. Farms made a profit or broke even on >80% of maize harvests within the past 10 years. Returns to family labor exceed the average agricultural wage. The maize price received by farmers corresponds closely to timing of sale. Larger farms earn higher gross margins per acre on average. Most farms do not use credit to obtain maize seed and fertilizer. Most trader credit is advanced to large farms. Output-tied loans are less common than believed and taken mainly by larger farms. Taking credit does not affect the sales price obtained by maize growers.

Download or read book Urban food prices under lockdown Evidence from Myanmar s traditional food retail sector during COVID 19 written by Goeb, Joseph and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many governments imposed stringent lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic as a public health measure to suppress the spread of the disease. With consumer incomes already depressed, the potential impacts of these measures on urban food prices are of particular concern. This working paper examines the changes in Myanmar’s urban food prices during lockdown using detailed food price data collected from a panel of phone surveys conducted in August and September 2020 of 431 family-owned retail shops in Myanmar’s two largest cities, Yangon and Mandalay. We find that the supply side of Myanmar’s food retail sector was largely resilient to the shocks and lockdowns throughout the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Estimates from a fixed effects differencein-differences model reveal that food prices were 3 percent higher in townships under lockdown compared to those not under lockdown, a statistically significant but modest effect. Lockdowns had smaller effects on prices for highly processed food items sourced directly from companies, but larger effects on prices for raw or lightly processed commodities sourced through wholesale markets, which comprise a larger share of urban consumer’s diets. Retailer margins did not change significantly under lockdown restrictions, suggesting no evidence of price gouging. Overall, our findings of a modest impact of the lockdown on urban food prices underscore the importance of keeping the food supply chain–including wholesale markets and retail shops–functioning as completely and as safely as possible during times of crisis, as was mostly the case early in the crisis for the two cities in this study.

Download or read book Myanmar written by Adam Simpson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-09-14 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a sophisticated, yet accessible, overview of the key political, economic and social challenges facing contemporary Myanmar and explains the complex historical and ethnic dynamics that have shaped the country. With clear and incisive contributions from the world’s leading Myanmar scholars, this book assesses the policies and political reforms that have provoked contestation in Myanmar’s recent history and driven both economic and social change. In this context, questions of economic ownership and control and the distribution of natural resources are shown to be deeply informed by long-standing fractures among ethnic and civil-military relations. The chapters analyse the key issues that constrain or expedite societal development in Myanmar and place recent events of national and international significance in the context of its complex history and social relations. In doing so, the book demonstrates that ethnic and cultural diversity is at the core of Myanmar’s society and heavily influences all aspects of life in the country. Filling a gap in the market, this research textbook and primer will be of interest to upper undergraduates, postgraduates and scholars of Southeast Asian politics, economics and society and to journalists and professionals working within governments, companies and other organisations.

Download or read book COVID 19 and global food security Two years later written by McDermott, John and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the health, economic, and social disruptions caused by this global crisis continue to evolve. The impacts of the pandemic are likely to endure for years to come, with poor, marginalized, and vulnerable groups the most affected. In COVID-19 & Global Food Security: Two Years Later, the editors bring together contributions from new IFPRI research, blogs, and the CGIAR COVID-19 Hub to examine the pandemic’s effects on poverty, food security, nutrition, and health around the world. This volume presents key lessons learned on food security and food system resilience in 2020 and 2021 and assesses the effectiveness of policy responses to the crisis. Looking forward, the authors consider how the pandemic experience can inform both recovery and longer-term efforts to build more resilient food systems.

Download or read book Rethinking Urban Risk and Resettlement in the Global South written by Garima Jain and published by . This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study on urban risk and resettlement programs in the Global South in the era of climate change. Environmental changes impact everyone, but the burden is especially heavy upon the lives and livelihoods of the urban poor and those living in informal settlements. In an effort to reduce urban residents' exposure to climate change and natural disasters, resettlement programs are becoming widespread across the Global South. Yet, while resettlement may reduce a region's future climate-related disaster risk, it can also often increase poverty and vulnerability. This volume collates the findings from a research project that examined urban areas across the globe, including case studies from India, Uganda, Peru, Colombia, Mexico, Cambodia, and the Philippines. The book offers a unique approach to resettlement, providing an opportunity for urban planners to re-think how disaster risk management can better address the accumulation of urban risks in the era of climate change.

Download or read book Social Transformations in India Myanmar and Thailand Volume I written by Chosein Yamahata and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-02 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This book focuses on the different challenges and opportunities for social transformation in India, Myanmar and Thailand, by centering communities and individuals as the main drivers of change. In doing so, it includes discussions on a wide array of issues including women’s empowerment and political participation, ethno-religious tensions, plurilingualism, education reform, community-based healthcare, climate change, disaster management, ecological systems, and vulnerability reduction. Two core foundations are introduced for ensuring broader transformations. The first is the academic diplomacy project – a framework for an engaged academic enquiry focusing on causative, curative, transformative, and promotive factors. The second is a community driven collective struggle that serves as a grassroots possibility to facilitate positive social transformation by using locally available resources and enabling the participation of the resident population. As a whole, the book conveys the importance of a diversification of engagement at the grassroots level to strengthen the capacity of individuals as decisive stakeholders, where the process of social transformation makes communities more interconnected, interdependent, multicultural and vital in building an inclusive society.”