Download or read book Monitoring the Impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Agricultural production and rural livelihoods in two irrigation schemes June 2020 survey round in Burmese written by Lambrecht, Isabel and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring the Impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Agricultural production and rural livelihoods in two irrigation schemes June 2020 survey round written by Lambrecht, Isabel and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-08-14 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This policy note provides evidence of the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on farming communities in Myanmar’s Central Dry Zone using baseline data from January 2020 and follow-up phone survey data. The first round of the phone survey was conducted between 10 and 21 June 2020 and inquired about the effects of COVID-19 on agricultural production and other livelihood sources from February to May 2020. In total, 1,070 male and female respondents from 605 households in 30 communities were interviewed. The sample for the phone survey covers all nonirrigation households and all women-adult-only households (WHH), as these categories of households were few in the baseline survey, and a randomly selected subsample of the dual-adult irrigation households covered in the baseline.

Download or read book Monitoring the Impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Agricultural production and rural livelihoods in two irrigation schemes August 2020 survey round written by Lambrecht, Isabel and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This policy note provides evidence of the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on farming communities in Myanmar’s Central Dry Zone using baseline data from January 2020 (BL) and followup telephone survey data. 1 The first round of the telephone survey was conducted with 606 households between 10 and 21 June 2020 (PS1) and inquired about the effects of COVID-19 on agricultural production and other livelihood sources from February to May 2020. The second round effects of COVID-19 in June and July.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Agricultural production and rural livelihoods in two irrigation schemes October 2020 survey round in Burmese written by Lambrecht, Isabel and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Agricultural production and rural livelihoods in two irrigation schemes October 2020 survey round written by Lambrecht, Isabel and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The persistent and worsening effects of the COVID-19 crisis on rural household incomes are alarming. The onset of the second wave of infections and mitigation measures in Myanmar is continuing to depress household incomes. Key findings: Almost three-quarters of the households surveyed reported lower household income than usual in August and September. In addition to a drought and lack of irrigation water limiting crop production in August and September, 22 percent of farmers experienced difficulties accessing inputs and 28 percent invested less than usual in their farm due to financial constraints. A quarter of farmers experienced difficulties selling their produce, which is lower than the share that reported having such difficulties in previous months. However, farmers anticipate further difficulties hampering sales in coming months, mainly due to expected restrictions on mobility. Landless households have been the most adversely affected by the crisis, largely due to lost nonfarm employment, lower remittances, and further negative impacts on rural enterprises. To cope with reduced incomes, 61 percent of households reported having reduced food expenditures, 36 percent sold assets, and 37 percent took loans. Households maintained the diversity of their diets but reduced the amount of meat and fish consumed. More households reported meat and fish to be less available than in previous rounds. Government transfer programs reached 99 percent of households in the study area, mostly in the form of income assistance. Recommended actions: Assistance to rural households should be continued to soften the impact of reduced income during the COVID-19 crisis and prevent households from jeopardizing future food security and health by depleting savings and assets, acquiring debt, and reducing food expenditures. Supporting rural non-farm businesses and employment will be key to building resilience in household livelihoods and to achieving a faster overall economic recovery.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Agricultural production and rural livelihoods in two irrigation schemes August 2020 survey round in Burmese written by Lambrecht, Isabel and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Agricultural input retailers June 2020 survey round written by Goeb, Joseph and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural input retailers play a key role in Myanmar’s agri-food system by supplying farmers with fertilizer, seed, pesticides, and other inputs necessary for successful harvests. Because farm-level input use is an important driver of yields for all major food crops, shocks to the input retail sector have major implications for the welfare of rural households, as well as for their food security. This policy note presents results from round two of a five-round phone survey of agricultural input retailers. Our purpose is to provide data and insights to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation (MOALI) and other agricultural sector stakeholders to assist them in better understanding COVID-19 related shocks to Myanmar’s agricultural input retailers. The round one results emphasized (i) widespread disruptions from the COVID-19 to both input supply and demand, (ii) higher transportation costs leading to higher input prices, and (iii) dramatically lower revenue expectations for retailers in 2020 compared to 2019.1 This note builds on the round one results by (i) exploring the effects of the COVID-19 crisis since the first-round interviews, (ii) tracking sales changes since the first round of the survey, and (iii) providing more detailed information on retailer credit and transportation.

Download or read book Impacts of COVID 19 on Myanmar s agri food system Evidence base and policy implications written by Researchers of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between April and October 2020, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Michigan State University (MSU), with support from the United States Agency of International Development (USAID) and the Livelihoods and Food Security Fund (LIFT), have undertaken analyses of secondary data combined with regular telephone surveys of actors at all stages of Myanmar’s agri-food system in order to better understand the impacts of COVID-19 on the system. These analyses show that the volume of agribusiness has slowed considerably in Myanmar since COVID-19 restrictions were put in place. There is lower demand from farmers for agricultural inputs and mechanization services and lower volumes of produce traded, especially exports to neighboring countries whose borders are closed. All actors in the agri-food system are facing liquidity constraints and experiencing increased difficulties in both borrowing and recovering loans.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Agricultural input retailers Mid June and early July 2020 survey rounds written by Goeb, Joseph and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-08-24 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phone surveys were conducted with input retailers from Shan, Kachin, Bago, Ayeyarwady, Sagaing, and Mandalay between 17 and 20 June and again between 6 and 8 July 2020 to understand and monitor the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on the agricultural input sector.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Agricultural input retailers Synopsis of results from five survey rounds through late July 2020 written by Goeb, Joseph and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural input retailers play a key role in Myanmar’s agri-food system by supplying farmers with fertilizer, seed, pesticides, and other inputs necessary for successful harvests. Because farm-level input use is an important driver of yields for all major food crops, shocks from the COVID-19 crisis to the input retail sector have major implications for rural household welfare as well as food security. In this policy note, we present results and analysis on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on agricultural input retailers from a five-round telephone panel survey of between 150 and 200 retailers in Shan, Kachin, Bago, Ayeyarwady, Sagaing, and Mandalay that was implemented every two weeks from mid-May to late July 2020. 1 The objective of this survey was to provide data and insights to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation (MOALI) and agricultural sector stakeholders so that they better understand the nature of COVID-19 related shocks to Myanmar’s agricultural input retailers. Previous policy notes2 mostly focused on the survey rounds individually, tracking the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on agricultural input retailers as they were happening. In this note, we take a more comprehensive approach by looking back over all five survey rounds to understand how the effects of the COVID-19 crisis evolved over time. In particular, this note presents results from May 2020 through July 2020 across the five survey rounds on (i) disruptions caused by the COVID-19 crisis, (ii) responses to these disruptions, (iii) sales of fertilizer, maize seed, vegetable seed, and pesticides, and (iv) input retailers’ employees and hired labor.

Download or read book Community perceptions of changes in rural livelihoods since onset of COVID 19 in Myanmar Insights from Round 7 of the National COVID 19 Community Survey NCCS May 2021 written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-06-28 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COVID-19 prevention measures are at their lowest levels since June 2020. However, several restrictions were recently implemented to curtail political unrest that are likely to also slow the spread of the virus. Communities have experienced further reductions in employment opportunities. The estimated share of adults who are unemployed is at its highest level since June 2020. In May 2021, respondents estimated that nearly half of adults in urban communities and 37 percent of adults in rural communities were unemployed in the past month. Agricultural production thus far appears robust but has suffered from poor weather conditions, whereas crop sales are affected by low crop prices and mobility restrictions. The share of households receiving remittances is estimated to be only half of those receiving remittances at the end of 2020. Whereas the end of the year is traditionally a period where more remittances are received, the recent decline is likely also related to challenges in the financial sector and to reduction in domestic employment, especially in urban areas. Financial services are disrupted in two-thirds of the communities. These disruptions include bank closures (in 58 percent of communities), challenges in meeting loan officers (19 percent), and shortages of money in ATMs (7 percent). There is a stark increase in the share of households who urgently need assistance. Community respondents estimate that in May 2021 one-third of households on average are in urgent need of assistance, which is twice as high as the share estimated in July 2020. Coping mechanisms have changed since mid-2020 with communities no longer receiving cash-based assistance. Households are relying less on credit and loans. Instead, they are increasingly reducing both food and non-food expenditures and selling agricultural and non-agricultural assets.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Agricultural input retailers May 2020 survey round written by Goeb, Joseph and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural input retailers play a key role in Myanmar’s agri-food system by supplying farmers with fertilizer, seed, pesticides, and other inputs necessary for successful harvests. Because farm-level input use is an important driver of yields for all major food crops, shocks to the input retail sector have major implications both for rural household welfare and for national food security. COVID-19 and the policies enacted to mitigate its spread have shocked Myanmar’s economy. Agricultural input retailers, like many other businesses, are squeezed between both supply and demand side shocks. On the supply side, agricultural inputs have long, international supply chains that could be disrupted by restrictions on international or internal trade and transport. On the demand side, the shocks to rural households’ incomes, crop prices, and uncertainty could affect input purchases. This research note seeks to help the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation of the Government of Myanmar and agricultural sector stakeholders understand the related shocks to Myanmar’s agricultural input retailers. We conducted a phone survey with 221 input shop owners and managers to understand (i) the demand-side effects of COVID-19 shocks as reflected in sales of key inputs, such as fertilizers, maize seed, vegetable seeds, and pesticides,the supply-side effects both in general and for key inputs, and (iii) business responses to COVID-19 shocks.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Mechanization service providers May 2020 survey round written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural mechanization service providers (MSP) are crucial to enabling smallholder farmers to undertake a range of power-intensive farm and post-harvest operations in a timely manner. These operations are important for food production and farm income. MSPs are capital-intensive operations. The economic viability of these businesses is highly sensitive to capacity utilization, which generates the cash flow needed to repay equipment loans; to prices of imported capital goods, including machines, equipment, and fuels; and to the availability of machine operators, among others. Hence, the operations of MSPs are sensitive to restrictions on mobility and trade. The COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar, the restrictions imposed as policy responses to control the spread of the virus, and the associated market disruptions affect the operations of MSPs across the country. However, the specific impacts MSPs experience depends on factors specific to different regions and states. Measures to support MSPs and to ensure farmer access to their services should be guided by an understanding of the situation on the ground.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Mechanization service providers June 2020 survey round in Burmese written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-07-28 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Agricultural commodity traders Late June 2020 survey round written by Goeb, Joseph and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop traders comprise the mid-stream of Myanmar’s food supply chain, forming important links between farms and food processors, exporters, commodity exchange centers, and urban food markets. Traders engage in a variety of business activities ranging from wholesalers that buy, store, grade, and sell commodities to brokers that facilitate crop sales on commissions. Many traders have strong and direct ties to farmers, often providing farmers with agricultural inputs on credit to strengthen relationships and to build business later in the year when crops are harvested and sold. These connections to the farm have important implications for any challenges that traders face due to the COVID-19 crisis. Effects on traders will also be felt upstream by farmers through both their post-harvest crop marketing activities, including the prices they receive for their crops, and potentially through access to agricultural inputs on credit. Furthermore, challenges to crop trading will also have effects on the food system downstream and, ultimately, on consumers. This is the second policy note in a series presenting results from phones surveys tracking a sample of crop traders across Myanmar. The surveys are designed to better understand the effects of COVID-19 shocks on Myanmar’s agri-food marketing system. This Policy Note builds on the results from the first round of the survey of crop traders. 1 This second round of the survey also added questions on two key themes from the first-round report – credit offered out by traders to farmers and trader’s use of mobile phones.

Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID 19 in Myanmar Agricultural equipment retailers November 2020 survey round in Burmese written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring the agri food system in Myanmar Agricultural input retailers June 2021 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the effects of recent disruptions on Myanmar’s agricultural input sector, a phone survey of input retailers was conducted in June 2021. Key findings: ▪ Prices of key agricultural inputs–fertilizer, pesticides, maize seed, and vegetable seed– are higher in June 2021 compared to June 2020 during the first wave of COVID-19. Onaverage, urea fertilizer prices are 52 percent higher and compound fertilizer prices are 29 percent higher. ▪ Reported input sales are much lower in June 2021 than in June 2020, with fertilizer sales volumes 48 percent lower on average and maize seed 39 percent lower on average. ▪ There continue to be widespread business disruptions stemming from political instability. Issues in the banking sector are the biggest disruption for 75 percent of our sample, though 84 percent also reported higher transportation costs. ▪ Nearly two-thirds of interviewed input retailers have offered inputs on credit to farmers this monsoon season. However, 79 percent intend to decrease their total value of credit compared to last year. Only 22 percent of input retailers reported that farmers in their area received MADB loans for the 2021 monsoon season. ▪ During the third wave of COVID-19 in Myanmar, adoption of safety practices is much lower than during the first wave. Sixty percent of input retailers adopted at least one practice, but only 44 percent were regularly washing their hands and only 47 percent were wearing masks. ▪ Higher input costs and lower access to credit will likely result in lower purchased input use and lower yields for monsoon crops. Measures to support combine harvesting and post-harvest management (e.g., drying) could help minimize further yield loss.