Download or read book Monetary and Fiscal Policy Under Nonlinear Exchange Rate Dynamics written by Carl Chiarella and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fiscal Policy and the Real Exchange Rate written by Mr.Santanu Chatterjee and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government spending on infrastructure has recently increased sharply in many emerging-market economies. This paper examines the mechanism through which public infrastructure spending affects the dynamics of the real exchange rate. Using a two-sector dependent open economy model with intersectoral adjustment costs, we show that government spending generates a non-monotonic U-shaped adjustment path for the real exchange rate with sharp intertemporal trade-offs. The effect of government spending on the real exchange rate depends critically on (i) the composition of public spending, (ii) the underlying financing policy, (iii) the intensity of private capital in production, and (iv) the relative productivity of public infrastructure. In deriving these results, the model also identifies conditions under which the predictions of the neoclassical open economy model can be reconciled with empirical regularities, namely the intertemporal relationship between government spending, private consumption, and the real exchange rate.

Download or read book Simulating the Effects of Some Simple Coordinated versus Uncoordinated Policy Rules written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of different policy rules are simulated: uncoordinated targeting of the money supply or nominal income, use of monetary policy to achieve coordinated targets for nominal or real exchange rates, and the use of monetary and fiscal policies to hit targets for internal and external balance. The following conclusions emerge: rules which performed best for some shocks performed poorly for others; monetary policy was ineffective in limiting movements in real exchange rates; unconstrained use of fiscal policy was quite powerful in influencing real variables; and dynamic instability was a potentially serious problem. Robustness to different specifications and to constraints on instruments remains to be examined.

Download or read book Intertemporal Adjustment and Fiscal Policy Under a Fixed Exchange Rate Regime written by Marcel Aloy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The paper presents a dynamic model for small to medium open economies operating under a fixed exchange rate regime. The model provides a partial explanation of the channels through which fiscal and monetary policy affects the real exchange rate. An empirical investigation is conducted for the case of Argentina during the currency board period of 1991-2001. Empirical estimates show that fiscal policy may indeed be an efficient instrument for promoting macroeconomic stability insofar as it encourages convergence toward long-run equilibrium and alters the long-term balance between exports and consumption, both private and public. The simulation applied to Argentina shows that if the share of public spending in the economy is higher than the share of imports, an increase in the tax rate will stimulate capital stock slightly, at least in the short term, and depreciate the real effective exchange rate. In the long run, the fiscal policy affects the value of the real exchange rate and consequently external competitiveness.

Download or read book International Finance and Monetary Policy written by Gleb P. Severov and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International finance is the branch of economics that studies the dynamics of exchange rates, foreign investment, and how these affect international trade. In a globalising world, the policies of various central banks and similar institutions impact large and small players alike. This book presents new and important research on issues of interest in international finance and monetary policy.

Download or read book Coordination of Monetary and Fiscal Policies written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-03-01 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, monetary authorities have increasingly focused on implementing policies to ensure price stability and strengthen central bank independence. Simultaneously, in the fiscal area, market development has allowed public debt managers to focus more on cost minimization. This “divorce” of monetary and debt management functions in no way lessens the need for effective coordination of monetary and fiscal policy if overall economic performance is to be optimized and maintained in the long term. This paper analyzes these issues based on a review of the relevant literature and of country experiences from an institutional and operational perspective.

Download or read book Unconventional Policies and Exchange Rate Dynamics written by Gustavo Adler and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study exchange rate dynamics under cooperative and self-oriented policies in a two-country DSGE model with unconventional monetary and exchange rate policies. The cooperative solution features a large exchange rate adjustment that cushions the impact of negative shocks and a moderate use of unconventional policy instruments. Self-oriented policies (Nash equilibrium), however, entail limited exchange rate movements and an aggressive use of unconventional policies in both countries. Our results highlight the role of international policy cooperation in allowing the exchange rate to play the traditional role of shock absorber.

Download or read book Monetary and Fiscal Policies Under a Flexible Exchange Rate and Perfect Foresight written by Arthur Philip Camilleri and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling Nonlinear Dynamics in Exchange Rates and Economic Growth written by Shamar Levaughn Stewart and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores modeling existing nonlinear dynamics in exchange rates and economic growth. Particularly, the three essays, herein, investigate the stability of the International Monetary Fund's Special Drawing Rights (SDR) and synchronicity of economic growth across provinces in China. The first essay empirically assesses the degree of fluctuations in the SDRs attributable to U.S monetary policy. In this vein, I contribute to the financial asset/exchange rate literature by identifying structural shocks to real-time U.S. output growth, inflation, and short-term interest rates. Moreover, I exploit the time-varying heteroskedasticity of the data without imposing a priori exclusion restrictions. Over the period 1981.Q1-2018.Q1, a contractionary U.S. monetary policy shock results in an immediate depreciation of the U.S. dollar value of the euro, Yen, and pound in the SDR basket. After the introduction of French and German Euros in 1999.Q1, all the currencies appreciated against the USD. Also, U.S. monetary policy contributes about 4% of the variations in the SDR basket's return. Chapter 2, explores the effects of U.S. monetary policy shocks on the value of SDRs during the 1981.M1 0́3 1998.M12 and 1999.M1 0́3 2016.M9 vintages. Unlike the first chapter, we test the data against different monetary policy indicators presented in the macroeconomics literature. To this end, we use a structural vector autoregression with identification through heteroskedasticity to identify the appropriate instruments of monetary policy. We find that the nominal exchange rates are insulated from U.S. policy shocks0́4 the contribution does not exceed 15%. In both subsamples, policy easing induces an appreciation in the dollar. In the third chapter, we use a dynamic factor model with time-varying loading parameters and stochastic volatility to document significant evidence of time-varying synchronization of the regional growth dynamics in China. The correlation in cross-region economic growth performance increased during the recent global recession and declined post-recession, albeit still at a higher level than before 2008. While the large degree of synchronization of regional growth dynamics permits the central government (bank) to implement a uniform fiscal (monetary) policy, this also reduces China's ability to stymie the propagation of external shocks and instead increases systemic risks across regions.

Download or read book Monetary Policy Transmission in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies written by Mr.Luis Brandao-Marques and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central banks in emerging and developing economies (EMDEs) have been modernizing their monetary policy frameworks, often moving toward inflation targeting (IT). However, questions regarding the strength of monetary policy transmission from interest rates to inflation and output have often stalled progress. We conduct a novel empirical analysis using Jordà’s (2005) approach for 40 EMDEs to shed a light on monetary transmission in these countries. We find that interest rate hikes reduce output growth and inflation, once we explicitly account for the behavior of the exchange rate. Having a modern monetary policy framework—adopting IT and independent and transparent central banks—matters more for monetary transmission than financial development.

Download or read book Duality of the monetary policy under fixed exchange rate the first quadrennium of the real plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No início de 1995, dando continuidade ao processo de combateinflacionário, o regime cambial brasileiro passou a ser um Crawling Peg. Assim, apolítica monetária deveria ser fixada de forma passiva, e caberia a política fiscal ocontrole da demanda doméstica e, por conseguinte, a manutenção da estabilidadedo nível de preços. Entretanto, Salgado, Garcia e Medeiros (2005) encontramfortes evidências de que a política monetária foi orientada para o controle dainflação compensando a política fiscal frouxa praticada pelo governo, aplicandoum modelo TAR (Threshold Autoregressive Model). A especificação propostapelos autores consiste na estimação de modelos lineares distintos dependendo doestado da economia (em crise ou fora de crise). Períodos de crise sãodeterminados por uma variável observada (variação acumulada de reservas). Neste trabalho, utilizamos um modelo com chaveamento Markoviano paradinâmica da taxa de juros nominal onde a determinação de períodos de crise éfeita por uma variável não-observada. Além disso, procuramos resolver possíveisproblemas de endogeneidade. Finalmente, motivamos a estimação através demodelos econômicos teóricos cujas dinâmicas são compatíveis com uma regra defixação de juros não-linear. Os resultados encontrados no trabalho foram bastantesatisfatórios.

Download or read book Monetary and Fiscal Policies and the Dynamics of the Yield Curve in Morocco written by Mr.Calixte Ahokpossi and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-08-16 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimate the latent factors that underlie the dynamics of the sovereign bond yield curve in Morocco during 2004–14 based on the Dynamic Nelson-Siegel model. On this basis, we explore the interaction between macroeconomic variables and the yield curve, which is of direct relevance to macroeconomic policy-making. In Morocco’s context, we find that tighter monetary policy increases short-end maturities, and that the impact is small and short-lived. Economic activity is also briefly but significantly impacted, suggesting that even under a pegged exchange rate, monetary policy autonomy and effectiveness can be increased through greater central bank independence. Fiscal improvements significantly lower yield levels. Policy conclusions are that improvement in the fiscal and monetary policy frameworks, as well as greater financial sector development and inclusion, could benefit Morocco and strengthen the transmission mechanisms and effectiveness of macroeconomic policies.

Download or read book The Dynamics of Monetary Policy Under Flexible Exchange Rates written by Victor E. Argy and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Empirical Assessment of the Exchange Rate Pass through in Mozambique written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determining the magnitude and speed of the exchange rate passthrough (ERPT) to inflation has been of paramount importance for policy-makers in developed and emerging economies. This paper estimates the exchange rate passthrough in Mozambique using econometric techniques on a sample spanning from 2001 to 2019. Results suggest that the ERPT is assymetric, sizable and fast, with 50 percent of the exchange rate variations passing through to prices in less than six months. Policy-makers should continue to pursue low and stable inflation and develop a strong track record of prudent macroeconomic policies for the ERPT to decline.

Download or read book The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Stimulating Economic Activity written by Richard Hemming and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The focus is on the size of fiscal multipliers, and on the possibility that multipliers can turn negative (i.e., that fiscal contractions can be expansionary). The paper concludes that fiscal multipliers are overwhelmingly positive but small. However, there is some evidence of negative fiscal multipliers.

Download or read book International Aspects of Fiscal Policies written by Jacob A. Frenkel and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together nine papers from a conference on international macroeconomics sponsored by the NBER in 1985. International economists as well as graduate students in the fields of global monetary economics, finance, and macroeconomics will find this an outstanding contribution to current research. It includes two commentaries for each paper, written by experts in the field, and Frenkel's detailed introduction, which serves as a reader's guide to the arguments made, the models employed, and the issues raised by each contributor. The studies analyze national fiscal policies within the context of the international economic order. Malcolm D. Knight and Paul R. Masson use an empirical model to show that fiscal changes in recent years in the United States, West Germany, and Japan have caused major disturbances in net savings and investment flows. Linda S. Kole uses a two-country simulation model to examine the effects of a large nation's expansion on exchange rates, interest rates, and the balance of payments. In other studies, Warwick J. McKibbin and Jeffrey D. Sachs discuss the influences of different currency regimes on the international transmission of inflation; Kent P. Kimbrough analyzes the interaction between optimal tax policies and international trade; Sweder van Wijnbergen investigates the interrelation of fiscal policies, trade intervention, and world interest rates; and Willem H. Buiter uses an analytical model to look at fiscal interdependence and optimal policy design. David Backus, Michael Devereux, and Douglas Purvis develop a theoretical model to investigate effects of different fiscal policies in an open economy. Alan C. Stockman looks at the influence of policy anticipation in the private sector, while Lawrence H. Summers shows the effects of differential tax policy on international competitiveness.

Download or read book Targeting the Real Exchange Rate written by Mr.Guillermo Calvo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of policies aimed at setting a more depreciated level of the real exchange rate. An intertemporal optimizing model suggests that, in the absence of changes in fiscal policy, a more depreciated level of the real exchange can only be attained temporarily. This can be achieved by means of higher inflation and/or higher real interest rates, depending on the degree of capital mobility. Evidence for Brazil, Chile, and Colombia supports the model’s prediction that undervalued real exchange rates are associated with higher inflation.