Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Fusion written by Shinpei Ohki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane fusion is an important molecular event which plays a pivotal role in many dynamic cellular processes, such as exocytosis, endocytosis, membrane biogenesis, fertilization, etc. While many reports on the physico-chem1cal process involved in membrane fusion have appeared in the literature and much information has accumulated, there has been no comprehensiv~ meeting of workers in the field. A recent symposium which took place at the Center for Tomorrow, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, April 27-29, 1987, was the first meeting of its kind to specifically address the molecular mechanisms of membrane fusion. The Symposium consisted of oral, workshop and poster presentation sessions. The papers presented in the oral and workshop sessions are collected here and arranged approximately in the order presented at the Symposium. These papers are the most up-to-date and representative work at the for front of each aspect of membrane fusion. Although the readers may find some differences in interpretations regarding the molecular mechanisms of membrane fusion, there is an over all concensus that increased hydrophobicity and dehydration of the membrane surface are essential physico-chemical factors for membrane fusion to occur. We trust that these papers will contribute to your further understanding of the mechanisms of membrane fusion.
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Fusion written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Membrane Fusion written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-07-25 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Current Topics in Membranes focuses on Membrane Fusion, beginning with fusion and fission of lipid bilayers, with reviews focused on hemifusion and dynamic remodeling of membranes catalyzed by dynamin. Other topics discussed include viral fusion, intracellular fusion, developmental cell fusion, and theoretical modeling.
Download or read book Membrane Fusion written by Jan Wilschut and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-14 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This balanced volume provides a broad and coherent overview of recent progress in membrane fusion research—highlighting an interdisciplinary treatment of the subject from the fields of biophysics, biochemistry, cell biology, virology, and biotechnology—in a single volume., Featuring easy-access sections on the general properties of membranes and applications of membrane fusion techniques, this valuable sourcebook outlines membrane structure, lipid polymorphism, and intermembrane forces ... covers membrane fusion in model systems ... presents the fusogenic properties of enveloped viruses ... discusses the fusion and flow of intracellular membranes and cell-cell fusion occurring during fertilization and myogenesis ... offers applications of membrane fusion techniques in cell-biological research and biotechnology ... and more. Supplying a comprehensive view of this exciting topic, Membrane Fusion is a working resource for molecular, cell, and membrane biologists; biophysicists; biochemists; virologists; biotechnologists; microbiologists; immunologists; physiologists; and graduate and medical school students in biophysics, biochemistry, physiology, virology, cell biology, and biotechnology.
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Fusion at the Synapse written by John Jacob Peters and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane fusion is a fundamental biophysical process that facilitates synaptic transmission in both the pre- and postsynaptic terminals. Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic terminal via synaptic vesicle (SV) fusion with the presynaptic plasma membrane, while postsynaptically, neurotransmitter receptors are inserted via fusion of trafficking vesicles with the postsynaptic membrane. While the key molecules involved in SV fusion, including neuronal SNARES, the calcium sensors synaptotagmins, Munc13, Munc18, complexin, NSF, SNAPs, and many other synaptic proteins have been identified and atomic-resolution structures of some of their complexes determined, much is yet unknown about the architecture of the synaptic proteins in their native environment at the SV docking site. Recently some of the SV fusion proteins have also been found to be important for the insertion of the ionotropic, glutamatergic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) via AMPAR trafficking vesicle (ATV) fusion. However, at present, understanding of the regulation of AMPAR insertion is much more limited compared to SV fusion. In this this, I investigate the mechanisms of membrane fusion both pre- and postsynaptically.
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Vacuole Membrane Fusion written by Albert Emerson Price and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Fission and Fusion written by Nicole Liska and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Traffic written by D. James Morre and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of membrane traffic in reconstituted cell-free systems has generated an unprecedented amount of new information on the biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics of membrane-based molecular events that underly normal and abnormal cellular function. Many of the individual steps have now been isolated and dissected in simple systems that permit detailed molecular analyses of transport mechanisms and their regulation. Reconstituted events of intercompartment transport include inter-membrane recognition, and controlled membrane fusion-fission reactions. Among the many advances is the growi ng awareness of a remarkabl e evolutionary conservation of many of the components involved in the many steps of membrane traffic, this realization has accelerated greatly the pace of progress in the field. This book provides a collection of participant contributions from the 1992 Summer Research Conference, "Mol ecul ar Mechani sms of Membrane Traffi c, " jointly sponsored with NATO by the American Society of Cell Biology. The conference was held May 9-13, at the Airlie Conference Center in the Virginia countryside, near Warrenton. The conference was attended by 158 scientists. A unique feature was the high proportion of young scientists among the participants. Approximately 65% were students, postdoctoral fe 11 ows and young investigators. Each attendee contri buted to the conference with either a pl atform or poster presentation.
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms Specifying Membrane Fusion in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Trey Kyle Sato and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms by which Synaptotagmin Regulates Calcium triggered Membrane Fusion written by Michael C. Chicka and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms for Protein Transport and Regulation of Membrane Fusion in the Vacuolar Protein Sorting Pathway written by Tamara Darsow and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In Vitro Reconstitution of the Molecular Mechanisms of Vesicle Tethering and Membrane Fusion written by Enrico Daniele Perini and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of the Molecular Mechanism of SNARE mediated Membrane Fusion written by Bin Lu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Fusion Events at the Lysosome Membrane written by Mahmoud Abdul Karim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lysosome membrane fusion represents the last step of the endocytic pathway. During endocytosis, internalized surface proteins are delivered to endosomes where they are packaged into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). Multiple rounds of ILV formation produce mature multivesicular body (MVB) that fuses with lysosomes to expose protein-laden ILVs to lumenal acid hydrolases for catabolism. Lysosomes also undergo homotypic membrane fusion for remodeling in response to cellular stress, or aging, or for organelle inheritance. A unique feature of homotypic lysosome fusion is the formation of IntraLumenal Fragments (ILF), whereby portions of the membranes are internalized and degraded upon merging. Although critical for homeostasis and remodeling, it is not clear how ILFs are formed during the homotypic lipid bilayer fusion reaction, nor is it clear whether similar molecular mechanisms orchestrate MVB-lysosome fusion. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its vacuolar lysosome as a model, I show that coordinated interactions between the fusion protein machinery (Rab-GTPase Ypt7 and its effector Vps41), and the protein kinase Yck3, target hemifusion intermediates to control ILF formation upon vacuolar lysosome fusion. To do so, I introduced a point mutation in Ypt7 (D44N) that permits activation but impairs binding to Vps41 causing it to be phosphorylated by Yck3. Phosphorylated Vps41 causes the multisubunit tethering complex HOPS to dissociate from vacuolar lysosome membranes preventing efficient trans-SNARE pairing required for lipid bilayer pore formation. This stall in pore formation allows hemifusion diaphragms to expand across docked organelle interfaces causing fewer ILFs to form. Knocking out YCK3 stabilizes Vps41 and HOPS on membranes restoring fusion defects and ILF formation. With a better understanding of homotypic vacuolar lysosome fusion and ILF formation, I next determined if MVB-vacuolar lysosome fusion relies on a similar mechanism. By developing a new luminal Ý-lactamase complementation assay to measure MVB-vacuolar lysosome fusion in vitro, I show that both fusion events require Ypt7 and HOPS, but heterotypic fusion is distinct in that it uses a unique non-canonical Q-SNARE bundle composed of the endosomal Qa-SNARE Pep12, Qb-SNARE Vti1, and soluble Qc-SNARE Vam7, that complexes with the lysosomal R-SNARE Nyv1 to drive lipid bilayer merger. Loss-of-function mutations that impair MVB maturation-deleting the endosomal Na+(K+)/H+ exchanger NHX1 or components of the ESCRT machinery that drive ILV formation blocks heterotypic membrane fusion. Correcting luminal pH rescues the fusion impairment caused by deleting NHX1, whereas activating the Rab-GTPase Ypt7 rescues fusion defects caused by ESCRT dysfunction. Using new insights from these results, I present refined working models describing the molecular underpinnings of homotypic vacuolar lysosome and MVB-vacuolar lysosome fusion. Because all of the underlying machinery is conserved in all eukaryotic phyla, I anticipate that they will be used to help design strategies to treat human disorders linked to mutations in genes implicated in these pathways.
Download or read book The Membranes of Cells written by Philip Yeagle and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new edition of The Membranes of Cells, all of the chapters have been updated, some have been completely rewritten, and a new chapter on receptors has been added. The book has been designed to provide both the student and researcher with a synthesis of information from a number of scientific disciplines to create a comprehensive view of the structure and function of the membranes of cells. The topics are treated in sufficient depth to provide an entry point to the more detailed literature needed by the researcher. Key Features * Introduces biologists to membrane structure and physical chemistry * Introduces biophysicists to biological membrane function * Provides a comprehensive view of cell membranes to students, either as a necessary background for other specialized disciplines or as an entry into the field of biological membrane research * Clarifies ambiguities in the field
Download or read book Structural and Functional Insights Into the Molecular Mechanisms of Viral cell and Cell cell Fusion written by Halil Aydin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane fusion is an essential step in various developmental, physiological, and pathological processes in eukaryotes. Specific fusion proteins catalyze the merger of two lipid bilayers. The molecular mechanisms of many membrane fusion reactions still remain unclear. Here, we characterized the molecular details of various adhesion and fusion proteins involved in viral-cell, placental trophoblast, and sperm-egg fusion events to better understand their mechanisms. In total, nine crystal structures of these human and viral glycoproteins are presented. Furthermore, structural comparisons combined with mutagenesis, biochemical, biophysical, and cell culture experiments allowed us to investigate the implications of specific residues of these proteins in mediating membrane fusion. Structures of class I viral fusion proteins revealed that electrostatic interactions are critical for post-fusion stability in viruses that fuse at neutral pH, whereas the salt bridges do not play a stabilizing role in fusion proteins that proceed through low pH. Instead, hydrophobic residues stabilize the fusion core, and histidine/arginine residues in the chain reversal region stabilize a helix-dipole moment. Moreover, the structure of human syncytin-1 fusion protein unveiled a striking overall structural similarity to class I viral fusion proteins, and the presence of salt bridges within the fusion subunit zipper the inner and outer helices. These electrostatic interactions stabilize the post-fusion structure and provide the energetics for trophoblast cell fusion in placentation. While class I fusion proteins share similar structural and functional features, the mechanism of sperm-egg fusion requires the involvement of sperm Izumo1 and egg Juno proteins. Atomic resolution structures of Izumo1 and Juno display an interface stabilized through extensive interactions and a major conformational change within Izumo1 upon Juno binding. Moreover, mutational studies at the Izumo1-Juno interface revealed the structural determinants required for binding. We provide a comprehensive analysis that now identifies general trends and signatures important in viral-cell and cell-cell fusion events.
