Download or read book Molecular Dynamics at the Immunological Synapse written by Pedro Roda-Navarro and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The immunological synapse (IS) is a specialised cell-cell adhesion that mediates antigen acquisition and regulates the activation of lymphocytes. Initial studies of the IS showed a structure composed of stable supra-molecular activation clusters (SMAC) organised during the interaction of helper T lymphocytes with B lymphocytes, working as antigen presenting cells. A central SMAC of coalesced T cell receptors (TCRs) and a peripheral SMAC for cell-cell adhesion were observed. IS with similar structure was later described during antigen acquisition by B cells and during the interaction of NK cells with target and healthy cells. More recent research developed with microscopy systems that improve the spatial and temporal resolution has showed the complex molecular dynamics at the IS that governs lymphocyte activation. Currently, the IS is seen as a three-dimensional structure where signalling networks for lymphocyte activation and endosomal and cytoskeleton machinery are polarised. A view has emerged in which dynamic microclusters of signalling complexes are composed of molecular components attached to the plasma membrane and other components conveyed on sub-synaptic vesicles transported to the membrane by cytoskeletal fibers and motor proteins. Much information is nonetheless missing about how the dynamics of the endosomal compartment, the cytoskeleton, and signalling complexes are reciprocally regulated to achieve the function of lymphocytes. Experimental evidence also suggests that the environment surrounding lymphocytes exposed to different antigenic challenge regulates IS assembly and functional output, making an even more complex scenario still far from being completely understood. Also, although some signalling molecular components for lymphocyte activation have been identified and thoroughly studied, the function of other molecules has not been yet uncovered or deeply characterised. This research topic aims to provide the reader with the latest information about the molecular dynamics governing lymphocyte activation. These molecular dynamics dictate cell decisions. Thus, we expect that understanding them will provide new avenues for cell manipulation in therapies to treat different immune-related pathologies.
Download or read book Molecular Dynamics at the Immunological Synapse written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The immunological synapse (IS) is a specialised cell-cell adhesion that mediates antigen acquisition and regulates the activation of lymphocytes. Initial studies of the IS showed a structure composed of stable supra-molecular activation clusters (SMAC) organised during the interaction of helper T lymphocytes with B lymphocytes, working as antigen presenting cells. A central SMAC of coalesced T cell receptors (TCRs) and a peripheral SMAC for cell-cell adhesion were observed. IS with similar structure was later described during antigen acquisition by B cells and during the interaction of NK cells with target and healthy cells. More recent research developed with microscopy systems that improve the spatial and temporal resolution has showed the complex molecular dynamics at the IS that governs lymphocyte activation. Currently, the IS is seen as a three-dimensional structure where signalling networks for lymphocyte activation and endosomal and cytoskeleton machinery are polarised. A view has emerged in which dynamic microclusters of signalling complexes are composed of molecular components attached to the plasma membrane and other components conveyed on sub-synaptic vesicles transported to the membrane by cytoskeletal fibers and motor proteins. Much information is nonetheless missing about how the dynamics of the endosomal compartment, the cytoskeleton, and signalling complexes are reciprocally regulated to achieve the function of lymphocytes. Experimental evidence also suggests that the environment surrounding lymphocytes exposed to different antigenic challenge regulates IS assembly and functional output, making an even more complex scenario still far from being completely understood. Also, although some signalling molecular components for lymphocyte activation have been identified and thoroughly studied, the function of other molecules has not been yet uncovered or deeply characterised. This research topic aims to provide the reader with the latest information about the molecular dynamics governing lymphocyte activation. These molecular dynamics dictate cell decisions. Thus, we expect that understanding them will provide new avenues for cell manipulation in therapies to treat different immune-related pathologies.
Download or read book Molecular Scale Dynamics of T Cell Immunological Synapse Components by Advanced and Super resolution Fluorescence Microscopy written by George Ashdown and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Immune Synapse written by Cosima T. Baldari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-27 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new collection features the most up-to-date essential protocols that are currently being used to study the immune synapse. Beginning with methods for making biophysical measurements, the volume continues by covering the cell biology of synapses, methods for advanced substrate engineering, mechanobiology topics, new technologies to describe and manipulate synaptic components, as well as methods related to sites of action and immunotherapy. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and fully updated, The Immune Synapse: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal practical guide for researchers working in this dynamic field. Chapters 5, 11, 18, 27, 30, and 32 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book The Immunological Synapse Part A written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-01-16 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Immunological Synapse, Part A, Volume 173 in the Methods in Cell Biology series provides state-of-the-art methods for the study of the immunological synapse. Sections cover Imaging polarized granule release at the cytotoxic T cell immunological synapse using TIRF microscopy: control by polarity regulators, Analysis of centrosomal area actin reorganization and centrosome polarization upon lymphocyte activation at the immunological synapse, P815-based redirected degranulation assay to study human NK cell effector functions, Cytotoxic and Chemotactic Dynamics of Natural Killer Cells Quantified by Live-cell Imaging, Quantification of interaction frequency between antigen-presenting cells and T cells by conjugation assay, and more. Other chapters focus on the Study of the Effects of NK-Tumor Cell Interaction by Proteomic Analysis and Imaging, Quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific T cells and LCMV viral titers, Quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific T cells and LCMV viral titers, An in vitro model to monitor natural killer cell effector functions against primary breast cancer, and Standardized Protocol for the Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-modified Cell Immunological Synapse Quality using the Glass-supported Planar L. Covers various methods related to the study of the immunological synapse Includes detailed, point-by-point, methods as well as various important notes Provides the authority and expertise from an international board of leading scientists
Download or read book Molecular Scale Dynamics of T Cell Immunological Synapse Components by Advanced and Super resolution Flourescence Microscopy written by George W. Ashdown and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, vesicle cargo was shown to correlate with different vesicle populations, based on their membrane order, demonstrating vesicle order may mirror the heterogeneous nature of the PM. These results demonstrate the complex biophysical processes that control the T cell immunological synapse are an amalgamation of cytoskeletal organisation, vesicle dynamics and membrane polarity.
Download or read book Immunological Synapse written by Takashi Saito and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proper physiological functioning of most eukaryotic cells requires their assembly into multi-cellular tissues that form organized organ systems. Cells of the immune system develop in bone marrow and lymphoid organs, but as the cells mature they leave these organs and circulate as single cells. Antigen receptors (TCRs) of T cells search for membrane MHC proteins that are bound to peptides derived from infectious pathogens or cellular transformations. The detection of such speci?c peptide–MHC antigens initiates T cell activation, adhesion, and immune-effectors functions. Studies of normal and transformed T cell lines and of T cells from transgenic mice led to comprehensive understanding of the mole- lar basis of antigen-receptor recognition and signaling. In spite of these remarkable genetic and biochemical advances, other key physiological mechanisms that par- cipate in sensing and decoding the immune context to induce the appropriate cellular immune responses remain unresolved. TCR recognition is tightly regulated to trigger sensitive but balanced T cell responses that result in the effective elimination of the pathogens while minimizing collateral damage to the host. The sensitivity of TCR recognition has to be properly tempered to prevent unintended activation by self-peptide–MHC complexes that cause autoimmune diseases. It is likely that once the TCR is engaged by a peptide– MHC and TCR signaling begins, additional regulatory mechanisms, involving other receptors, would increase the ?delity of the response.
Download or read book The Immunological Synapse Part B written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-07-27 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Immunological Synapse - Part B, Volume 178 in the Methods in Cell Biology series provides state-of-the-art methods for the study of the immunological synapse. This first volume covers various aspects on T cell and natural killer (NK) cell synapses, including imaging polarized granule release using TIRF microscopy, analysis of actin reorganization and centrosome polarization, redirected degranulation, live cell-imaging to quantify cytotoxic and chemotactic dynamics, quantification of interactions between APCs and T cells, assessment of membrane lipid state at the immunological synapse, proteomic analysis and imaging of NK-tumor cell interaction, evaluating natural killer cell effector functions against breast cancer cells derived from human tumor tissue, evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified cell immunological synapse quality using the glass-supported planar lipid bilayer, and monitoring potency of therapeutic CAR T cells. It also includes one chapter on quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific T cells and LCMV viral titers, and one chapter on the murine antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis assay. Covers various methods related to the study of the immunological synapse Includes detailed, point-by-point, methods as well as various important notes Provides the authority and expertise from an international board of leading scientists
Download or read book Agent based Modeling of Immunological Synapse Dynamics written by Anastasios Siokis and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Co signal Molecules in T Cell Activation written by Miyuki Azuma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book equips young immunologists and health professionals with a clear understanding of the fundamental concepts and roles of co-signal molecules and in addition presents the latest information on co-stimulation. The first part of the book is devoted to co-signal molecules and the regulation of T cells. Following an initial overview, subsequent chapters examine each co-signal molecule in turn and discuss the mechanisms by which co-signal molecules regulate the different types of T cell. The second part covers various clinical applications, including in autoimmune disease, neurological disorders, transplantation, graft-versus-host disease, and cancer immunotherapy. To date, co-stimulation blockade and co-inhibition blockade have shown beneficial effects and many additional clinical trials targeting co-signal molecules are ongoing. The mechanisms underlying these successful treatments are explained and the future therapeutic potential in the aforementioned diseases is evaluated. Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation will be a valuable reference guide to co-stimulation for basic and clinical researchers in the fields of both immunology and pharmaceutical science.
Download or read book Molecular Dynamics written by Lichang Wang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-04-11 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Dynamics is a two-volume compendium of the ever-growing applications of molecular dynamics simulations to solve a wider range of scientific and engineering challenges. The contents illustrate the rapid progress on molecular dynamics simulations in many fields of science and technology, such as nanotechnology, energy research, and biology, due to the advances of new dynamics theories and the extraordinary power of today's computers. This second book begins with an introduction of molecular dynamics simulations to macromolecules and then illustrates the computer experiments using molecular dynamics simulations in the studies of synthetic and biological macromolecules, plasmas, and nanomachines. Coverage of this book includes: Complex formation and dynamics of polymers Dynamics of lipid bilayers, peptides, DNA, RNA, and proteins Complex liquids and plasmas Dynamics of molecules on surfaces Nanofluidics and nanomachines
Download or read book Signaling Mechanisms Regulating T Cell Diversity and Function written by Jonathan Soboloff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: T cells play a vital role mediating adaptive immunity, a specific acquired resistance to an infectious agent produced by the introduction of an antigen. There are a variety of T cell types with different functions. They are called T cells, because they are derived from the thymus gland. This volume discusses how T cells are regulated through the operation of signaling mechanisms. Topics covered include positive and negative selection, early events in T cell receptor engagement, and various T cell subsets.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ImmunoPhysics and ImmunoEngineering written by Jorge Bernardino De La Serna and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-30 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ImmunoPhysics (ImmPhys) and ImmunoEngineering (ImmPhysEng), are two cross-disciplinary fields. ImmPhysEng aims to unravel quantitatively the immune-system function and regulation in health and disease. Whereas ImmPhys study and assess the physical basis of the immune response, ImmEng pursues its control and prediction. Ultimately, the overarching goal of these disciplines is to facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions to more precisely modulate and control the compromised immune response during diseases. Lately, these disciplines are becoming more popular and as such, the number of publications applying physical or engineering tools to understand the immune response is increasing. Nevertheless, there is still no scientific forum compiling the ImmPhysEng research breakthroughs. Possibly the biggest burden is to stimulate a fluent communication and syntony between a physicist or engineer and an immunologist.
Download or read book Virtual You written by Peter Coveney and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-28 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The visionary science behind the digital human twins that will enhance our health and our future Virtual You is a panoramic account of efforts by scientists around the world to build digital twins of human beings, from cells and tissues to organs and whole bodies. These virtual copies will usher in a new era of personalized medicine, one in which your digital twin can help predict your risk of disease, participate in virtual drug trials, shed light on the diet and lifestyle changes that are best for you, and help identify therapies to enhance your well-being and extend your lifespan—but thorny challenges remain. In this deeply illuminating book, Peter Coveney and Roger Highfield reveal what it will take to build a virtual, functional copy of a person in five steps. Along the way, they take you on a fantastic voyage through the complexity of the human body, describing the latest scientific and technological advances—from multiscale modeling to extraordinary new forms of computing—that will make “virtual you” a reality, while also considering the ethical questions inherent to realizing truly predictive medicine. With an incisive foreword by Nobel Prize–winning biologist Venki Ramakrishnan, Virtual You is science at its most astounding, showing how our virtual twins and even whole populations of virtual humans promise to transform our health and our lives in the coming decades.
Download or read book New Insights Into Mechanotransduction by Immune Cells in Physiological and Pathological Conditions written by Shaik O. Rahaman and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-11 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cytoskeletal Regulation of Immune Response written by Sudha Kumari and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
