Download or read book Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Genes Encoding Putative Signal Transduction Proteins from the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum written by Jiliang Li and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Cloning of Putative Geens Encoding Signal Transduction Molecules from Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Cloning and Expression in Escherichia Coli of a Malaria Exoantigen from Plasmodium Falciparum Putative Candidate for Vaccine written by Ping Zhou and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria remains as one of the biggest public health problems in the world today. Plasmodium falciparum is the most lethal among the four species of protozoa that cause malaria infection in humans. In the parasite life cycle the asexual blood stage is responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease, thus the studies of the immune response and the development of vaccine for this stage are critical to decreasing the morbidity and mortality of malaria. In the blood stage, the parasite releases "exoantigens" into the host blood stream or secretes them into the culture supernatant of in vitro parasite cultures. These exoantigens are believed to either be shed or secreted from the parasite during red blood cell invasion. Previous experiments using partially purified exoantigen from in vitro cultures showed that these exoantigens could protect experimental monkeys from infection. In addition, recent studies have shown that the exoantigens could trigger tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secretion from macrophages. The elevated TNF level is responsible for the pathological consequences of malaria in humans and animals. A vaccine based on these exoantigens could potentially disrupt the malaria blood cycle and block the triggering of TNF secretion. This research focuses on the blood stage exoantigens. The goal of this study was to clone and express one of the exoantigens so that the potential vaccine valve of exoantigen could be assessed by immunological studies. A cDNA clone of 2.5 Kb coding for a portion of new exoantigen was identified through the combined screening with human immune IgG and anti-SP antibody. The cloned cDNA is 2.5 Kb in size with 1827 base pairs of coding region for a polypeptide of 70 Kd having 608 amino acid residues. The polypeptide has two blocks of repeating sequences, a characteristic of malaria proteins. The polypeptide is very acidic and consequently is negatively charged due to the presence of many glutamic acid residues. No hydrophobic stretch amino acids which could represent a membrane anchoring sequence is present in the protein sequence. Thus, this protein is considered to be a new soluble exoantigen. There is no 5$spprime$ end starting codon in this clone, therefore, it codes for only a portion of a large exoantigen. The DNA and amino acid sequences of the gene were checked through the BIONET data base, and no homolog to any published malaria or human sequences was found. Therefore, we have cloned a new exoantigen from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The 70 Kd polypeptide was produced in a fusion form and purified with an affinity column. This purified exoantigen could be used for further immunological studies to evaluate its vaccine potential.
Download or read book Piecing Together the Plasmodium Falciparum Genome Puzzle written by Maggie S. Schlarman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria is still a significant problem around the world and, thus, better control methods are in great need. A key stage in the Plasmodium life cycle is the sporozoite because it exhibits dual infectivity in both the mosquito vector and vertebrate host and, therefore, is a promising target for discovering effective ways of controlling malaria. The P. falciparum genes, PFE0565w and PF11_0394, were chosen as candidates for study based on data available on PlasmoDB, the Plasmodium database, indicating that they are expressed both at the transcriptional and protein levels in sporozoites and likely encode putative surface proteins. Transcripts of both PFE0565w and PF11_0394 are present in both mosquito and vertebrate host life cycle stages, but both of their proteins are specific to salivary gland sporozoites as shown by immunofluorescent assays and/or GFP-trafficking studies. Functional studies for PFE0565w are currently in progress to determine if it may play a role in parasite development and/or invasion of host tissues. Because PFE0565w and PF11_0394 do not have homology with any human proteins, they could be targets for new drugs and/or vaccines. Lastly, in addition to studies conducted with P. falciparum, a preliminary comparative study between the P. berghei orthologs of PFE0565w and PF11_0394, PBANKA_111090 and PBANKA_091050, respectively, was conducted.
Download or read book The Malaria Genome Projects written by Irwin W. Sherman and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 2012 marks the tenth anniversary of the announcement of the genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and that of its mosquito vector Anopheles. The genome sequences were a result of the Plasmodium falciparum Genome Project. This book covers in detail the biology of malaria parasites and the mosquitoes that transmit the disease, how the Genome Project came into being, the people who created it, and the cadre of scientists who are attempting to see the promise of the Project realized. The promise was: a more complete understanding of the genes of the parasite (and its vector) would provide a rational basis for the development of antimalarial drugs and vaccines, allow a better understanding of the regulation of the complex life cycle in the red blood and liver cells of the human, identify the genes the parasite uses to thwart the host immune response and the ways in which the parasite evades cure by drug treatments, as well as leading to more effective measures of control transmission. The hope was that cracking the genetic code of Plasmodium and Anopheles would reveal the biochemical Achilles heel of the parasite and its vector, leading to the development of novel drugs and better methods of control, and by finding the targets of protective immunity could result in the manufacture of effective vaccines. Through a historic approach, this book will allow for those new to the field, or those with insufficient background in the sciences, to have an easier entry point. Even scientists already working in the field may better appreciate how discoveries made in the past can impact the direction of future research.
Download or read book Cloning and Characterization of Putative Molecular Targets of Penicillium Marneffei Identified by Random Genome Exploration written by Yee-Lam Elim Cheung and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Cloning and Characterization of Putative Molecular Targets of Penicillium Marneffei Identified by Random Genome Exploration" by Yee-lam, Elim, Cheung, 張以琳, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Cloning and characterization of putative molecular targets of Penicillium marneffei identified by random genome exploration Submitted by Cheung Yee Lam Elim for the degree of Master of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in December 2002 Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus causing intracellular infection of the reticulo-endothelial system in humans and bamboo rats. It is endemic in Southeast Asia and causes opportunistic infection in about 10% of AIDS patients in this region. The absence of an identified sexual stage of P. marneffei, the potentially infectious nature of the mould phase conidia, and the difficulty of achieving a complete yeast form of the tissue-invasive phase in vitro have markedly impaired the understanding of the molecular biology and biochemical mechanisms in the thermal dimorphic switching and host-microbe interactions of this fungus. Its thermal dimorphism and the propensity to cause infection in the AIDS patients makes it an ideal candidate for genomic analysis which may provide crucial information in understanding the morphogenesis of the fungus and its interaction with the immune system in pathogenesis. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis of the genomic DNA of P. marneffei showed the presence of three (5.0 Mb, 4.0 Mb, and 2.2 Mb) or more chromosomes. Results obtained from telomeric fingerprinting revealed the presence of 6-12 bands, suggesting that there were chromosomes of similar sizes. The genome size of P. marneffei was hence about 17.8-26.2 Mb. Random exploration of the genome of P. marneffei yielded 2303 random sequence tags (RSTs), corresponding to 10-15% of the genome. The G+C content of the genome is 48.8%. 11.7%, 6.3%, and 17.4% of the RSTs showed homology to yeast-specific sequences, fungus non-yeast sequences, and sequences common to both forms respectively. Analysis of the RSTs revealed genes for information transfer (ribosomal protein genes, tRNA synthetase subunits, translation initiation and elongation factors), metabolism, and compartmentalization, (several multi-drug resistance protein genes and homologues of fluconazole resistance gene). The presence of genes encoding pheromone homologues and ankyrin repeat- containing proteins of other fungi and algae strongly suggests the presence of a sexual stage that presumably exists in environmental conditions. Random exploration of the P. marneffei genome revealed sequences that encode putative methionine aminopeptidase (Met-AP2), acid protease, phospholipase B, and DnaJ. These represent putative virulence factors and molecular targets for antifungal development. Comparison of the cDNA sequences and the genomic DNA sequences revealed that there are six and two introns in MAP2 gene and phospholipase B gene respectively, whereas the acid protease and dnaJ genes contain no intron. None of the four proteins were immunogenic. Characterizations of the functions of Met-AP2 and acid protease were carried out. For Met-AP2, complementation experiments showed that the function of Met-AP in Met-AP deficient E. coli can be complemented by Met-AP2 of P. marneffei. As for the acid protease, results from zymography and protease assay using azocasein as substrate revealed that the purified acid protease functioned best at pH 5. DOI: 10.5353/th_b2664260 Subjects: Penicillium -
Download or read book Analysis of Genes Encoding Glycolytic Enzymes in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum written by K. E. Hicks and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterisation of Putative Signal Transduction Molecules from plasmodium Falciparum written by Adam A. Witney and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of MB2 written by Thanh Viet Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cloning and Characterisation of the Genes Encoding Replication Factor C Subunits from the Malarial Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum written by Jill Karen Douglas and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Malaria Parasites written by Andrew P. Waters and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2004 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The completion of the Plasmodium falciparum genome sequence in late 2002 heralded a new era in malaria research. The search began in earnest for new drugs and vaccines to combat malaria, a disease which afflicts up to 500 million people worldwide and is responsible for the deaths of more than one million people each year. The new genomic data is aiding a greater understanding of the living parasite and its interaction with the insect vector and human host. In this book internationally renowned experts provide up-to-date reviews of the most important aspects of post-genomic malaria research. Topics covered include: the P. falciparum genome and model parasites, bioinformatics and genome databases, microsatellite analysis, analysis of chromosome structure, cell cycle to RNA polymerase I and II mediated gene expression, role of the nuclear genome, the parasite surface and cell biology, and much more. The book is essential to all researchers working in this highly topical field and is recommended reading for scientists in other areas of biology and medicine.
Download or read book CRISPR Cas9 Mediated Deletion of Genes Encoding Putative Cell Cycle Regulators in Plasmodium Falciparum written by Hilde Von Grüning and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional genomic tools can be used to interrogate unique features of parasite biology that could be marked for future intervention strategies. One such unique biological feature is the atypical cell cycle of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, with a particular interest in the key regulators that modulate the parasite’s cell cycle progression. The orderly progression of the cell cycle of the parasite allows it to undergo a vast expansion of parasite numbers during a malaria infection and cause pathologies in infected individuals. However, the precise control mechanisms and functional cascades involved in the P. falciparum parasite’s unusual cell cycle have not yet been fully elucidated. A recent study showed that gene expression profiles of the parasite switch between states of cell cycle arrest (quiescence) to cell cycle re-entry (proliferation). Global transcriptome expression data from this study was used to identify potential cell cycle regulators. The study identified a number of putative cell cycle regulators and their predicted functional interacting partners, particularly transcription factors and several members of the origin of replication complex. The study subsequently aimed to functionally validate these putative regulators in a reverse genetics approach by creating targeted disruption of the putative regulatory genes using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Preliminary knockout studies indicated possible essential phenotypes of these putative cell cycle regulators in P. falciparum parasites. Given that cell cycle elements of the P. falciparum parasites are unique and divergent from those of the human host, the information provided in this study dissects the role of regulators in cell cycle modulation in the parasite. Not only is this important to understand parasite biology, but these cell cycle regulators are attractive potential sites for chemical interference of parasite proliferation and thereby provide as novel drug targets for antimalarial discoveries.
Download or read book Functional Characterization of Two Putative Telomere associated Proteins in the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum written by Ajuh Elvis Tasih and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Malaria written by Irwin W. Sherman and published by Amer Society for Microbiology. This book was released on 1998-01 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every 30 seconds a death is caused by Malaria. This book brings together recent advances in our understanding of the basic biology, genetics and pathogenesis of malaria, to facilitate the rapid generation of new insights and interventions. Each chapter is written by a leading expert(s), and serves as both a useful introduction to the area and a helpful set of references. Malaria: Parasite Biology, Pathogenesis and Protection is a useful entry point for graduate and medical students, scientists and individuals engaged in a subspecialty of Malaria research, as well as those who are simply interested in getting a grasp on the present status of this ever burgeoning public health problem.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-10-11 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The present book is intended as a progress report on [the] synthetic approach to evolution as it applies to the plant kingdom." With this simple statement, G. Ledyard Stebbins formulated the objectives of Variation and Evolution in Plants, published in 1950, setting forth for plants what became known as the "synthetic theory of evolution" or "the modern synthesis." The pervading conceit of the book was the molding of Darwin's evolution by natural selection within the framework of rapidly advancing genetic knowledge. At the time, Variation and Evolution in Plants significantly extended the scope of the science of plants. Plants, with their unique genetic, physiological, and evolutionary features, had all but been left completely out of the synthesis until that point. Fifty years later, the National Academy of Sciences convened a colloquium to update the advances made by Stebbins. This collection of 17 papers marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Stebbins' classic. Organized into five sections, the book covers: early evolution and the origin of cells, virus and bacterial models, protoctist models, population variation, and trends and patterns in plant evolution.
Download or read book Immunobiology of Transfusion Medicine written by George Garratty and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-09-21 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the immunological aspects of blood transfusion medicine, examining the immuno-chemistry of blood group antigens, the immune destruction of cells, correlations between blood groups and disease, and the effect transfusion-induced retroviral infection has on immune response.
