Download or read book Molecular Characterization of Porcine Circovirus written by J. Seetha a/p Jaganathan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of the Receptor Binding of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 PCV2 written by Ching-man Ma and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of the Receptor Binding of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Pcv2 written by Ching-Man Ma and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of the Receptor Binding of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2)" by Ching-man, Ma, 馬靜雯, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RECEPTOR BINDING OF PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE 2 (PCV2) Submitted by Ching Man MA for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in November 2006 Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) belongs to the family Circoviridae, which is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. To investigate the evolution and pathogenicity of PCV2, molecular epidemiology was studied using a bioinformatic approach. In addition, receptor binding of PCV2 was studied using cell-binding assays. Classification of worldwide PCV2 strains designated five major PCV2 lineages (I-V) following phylogenetic analysis. It was found the local and worldwide strains were mainly originated from sub-lineage Ia. Evidences for recombination was shown in PCV2 strains from Hong Kong and mainland China. Molecular dating of PCV2 sub-lineage Ia using Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov chain (BMCMC) approach estimated that the emergence time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) was around 1995. To study the receptor binding of PCV2, both cap genes (ORF2) of PCV1 and PCV2 without the nuclear localization signal (NLS) were expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion proteins in a bacterial expression system. The recombinant proteins GST-1.2-XNLS and GST-2.2-XNLS were demonstrated to bind to the porcine monocytic cell line 3D4/31 in a dose-dependent and specific manner. Both GST-1.2-XNLS and GST-2.2-XNLS showed reduced bindings in trypsin pre-treated cells and post-binding NaCl washing at different levels. Binding of GST-2.2-XNLS could not be significantly inhibited by GST-1.2-XNLS. Interestingly, both recombination proteins bound to all eight mammalian cell lines investigated, suggesting PCV1 and PCV2 use ubiquitous receptor(s) for cell attachment. However, different receptors might be responsible for successive infection. The current study provides information on evolution, receptor usage and pathogenicity of PCV2. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3822720 Subjects: DNA virus - Receptors Swine - Virus diseases - Genetic aspects Viral genetics Molecular epidemiology

Download or read book Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Prrsv and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Pcv2 written by Yick-Yeung Li and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2)" by Yick-yeung, Li, 李亦揚, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled MOLECULAR AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS (PRRSV) AND PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE 2 (PCV2) Submitted by Yick Yeung LI for the Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) at The University of Hong Kong in November 2003 Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) have caused a huge economical loss in the global swine industry. The aim of this study is to characterize the prevalence and phylogenetic relationship of local PRRSV and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2, causative agent of PMWS), and to develop a DNA vaccine against PRRSV. In this study, PRRSV (26% of tested pigs) and PCV2 (15% of tested pigs) were identified in local swineherds. Phylogenetic analysis on eighteen local PRRSVs from different pig farms demonstrated the existence of both European (45%) and North American (55%) genotypes. Also, the local European typed virus and North American typed virus showed that the amino acid identity of nucleocapsid protein ranged from 89.1% to 95.3% and 94.4% to 98.4% when compared to their respective prototypes. However, the average pairwise genetic distances of the European genotype and North American genotype were found to be 0.047 and 0.065, respectively, suggesting that the PRRSVs with North American genotype was more diverse than those with European genotype. In addition, two sub-branches of European typed PRRSVs and at least four sub-branches of North American typed PRRSVs were identified in local pig farms. Using the phylogenetic tree analysis on the basis of complete nucleotide sequence of local PCV2 viruses and PCV2 isolates around the world, the nucleotide homology of local viruses ranged from 96.1% to 99.9% whereas the nucleotide homology of that with other PCV2 strains ranged from 94.2% to 99.9%. Also, the amino acid identity of the capsid protein of the 10 local PCV2 ranged from 93.2% to 99.6%. Besides, eight PCV2 infected pigs were found to be co-infected with PRRSV. Among them, six were co-infected with North American PRRSV genotypes, one with European genotype and one with both genotypes. To summarize, at least three different PCV2 sub-branches were identified and co-infection with both PRRSV and PCV2 were found in Hong Kong. Apart from the phylogenetic analysis of the two viruses, four mutants with truncated putative signal sequence (Δ 5.4, Δ 5.5, Δ5.6 and Δ5.7) were constructed, based on the hydropathy profile of the PRRSV (strain AV), for DNA vaccine development against PRRSV. Among all mutants, only mutants Δ5.6 and Δ5.7 demonstrated a high level of expression in E. coli. when compared to the full-length (ORF5) construct and were expressed in transfected COS-7 cell lines. Both mutants triggered humoral responses in immunized mice and pigs. In mice, the antibody titer peaked at week 3 and was sustained for at least another three weeks while serum neutralizing antibody was detected in pigs at week 4 and maintained until week 8 at variable levels. Therefore, these two deletion mutants are potential candidates for DNA vaccine development. DOI: 10.5353/th_b2929710 Subjects: Swine - Virus diseases - Genetic aspects DNA vaccines

Download or read book Molecular Characterization of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus written by Xiang-Jin Meng and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus PRRSV and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 PCV2 written by Yick-yeung Li and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Characterization and Co Infection of North American and European Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Hongkong written by Yick-Yeung Li and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Molecular Characterization and Co-infection of North American and European Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in HongKong" by 李亦揚, Yick-yeung, Li, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND CO-INFECTION OF NORTH AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS IN HONG KONG Submitted by Yick Yeung LI for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in March 2008 Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PPRS), one of the most problematic swine diseases, has been widely spread in most of the swine-producing countries. This disease, characterized by respiratory weakness and reproductive failure was identified in Hong Kong and a previous study revealed the existence of both North American (NA) and European (EU) genotypes in local pig farms, which is rare elsewhere. Therefore, an in-depth study on molecular epidemiology, genomic characterization, prevalence of NA/EU coinfection as well as the possibility of inter-type recombination was carried out. In an epidemiological study, a total of 124 PRRSV strains in which 71 of NA lineage and 53 of EU lineage, were identified between 2001 and 2006 from 54 local pig farms and phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple distinctive clusters existed in both genotypes, possibly due to the multiple introductions of infected swine and purchasing of contaminated frozen semen. In addition, eight full-length genomic sequences (4 NA and 4 EU) of Hong Kong (HK) isolates were analysed and the genomic size of HKNA isolates was characterized to contain 15,411 nucleotides, of which the HKEU isolates have deviated into two sizes: 15,098 and 15,074, where the shortened genome consists of a 24-nucleotide deletion in the hypervariable region located at ORF3/4 overlapping region. Phylogenetic analysis based on ORF3 gene further indicated that the deletion mutants possibly emerged from the non-deleted strains in Hong Kong. It was revealed that 37 tested farms have been coinfected with NA/EU PRRSV from 2001 to 2006, thus characterization of both NA/EU PRRS viruses within a coinfected farm was performed. Among the 35 selected pigs tested, seroconversion was observed but there were no cross-protection detected from heterologous infection. Moreover, the localization of NA and EU PRRS viruses from a persistently coinfected pig was further analyzed by immuno-histochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). NA/EU coinfection was demonstrated within left cranial and caudal lobe of the lung, but single-cell coinfection was not detected. In this study, the emergence of deletion mutants of EU lineage was identified in Hong Kong pig farms. Together with the full-length sequence analysis, valuable data were provided towards the European PRRS virus genomic characterization which is still very much lacking around the world. Furthermore, cases of NA/EU coinfection have been identified within single pig, suggesting that the infection of one genotype would not exclude the infection of another genotype. In addition, localization of NA and EU PRRS viruses in coinfected tissues, together with negative detection of single-cell coinfection suggested the possibility of the generation of an inter-type recombinant virus in nature is low. However, the interaction of both genotypes on the entry pathway as well as the effects on host immune system remains to be elucidated. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3955817 Subjects: Porcine reproduct

Download or read book Molecular Characterization of the Chinese Isolates of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Prrsv and the Construction and Characterization of the DNA Vaccines written by Knowledge by Design Yue-Ling Wong and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Molecular Characterization of the Chinese Isolates of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and the Construction and Characterization of the DNA Vaccines" by Yue-ling, Wong, 王如玲, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3122689 Subjects: Swine - Virus diseases Viral proteins DNA vaccines

Download or read book Molecular Characterization and Co infection of North American and European Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Hong Kong written by Yick-yeung Li and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Characterization of Newly Emerging European like Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates in the United States written by Ying Fang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Characterization Studies of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus microform written by Sarah Wootton and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2003 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book It Ain t Necessarily So written by Richard Lewontin and published by New York Review of Books. This book was released on 2001-09-30 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is our nature—as individuals, as a species—determined by our evolution and encoded in our genes? If we unravel the protein sequences of our DNA, will we gain the power to cure all of our physiological and psychological afflictions and even to solve the problems of our society? Today biologists—especially geneticists—are proposing answers to questions that have long been asked by philosophy or faith or the social sciences. Their work carries the weight of scientific authority and attracts widespread public attention, but it is often based on what the renowned evolutionary biologist Richard Lewontin identifies as a highly reductive misconception: "the pervasive error that confuses the genetic state of an organism with its total physical and psychic nature as a human being." In these nine essays covering the history of modern biology from Darwin to Dolly the sheep, all of which were originally published in The New York Review of Books, Lewontin combines sharp criticisms of overreaching scientific claims with lucid expositions of the exact state of current scientific knowledge—not only what we do know, but what we don't and maybe won't anytime soon. Among the subjects he discusses are heredity and natural selection, evolutionary psychology and altruism, nineteenth-century naturalist novels, sex surveys, cloning, and the Human Genome Project. In each case he casts an ever-vigilant and deflationary eye on the temptation to look to biology for explanations of everything we want to know about our physical, mental, and social lives. These essays—several of them updated with epilogues that take account of scientific developments since they were first written—are an indispensable guide to the most controversial issues in the life sciences today. The second edition of this collection includes new essays on genetically modified food and the completion of the Human Genome Project. It is an indispensable guide to the most controversial issues in the life sciences today.

Download or read book Isolation and Characterization of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 from Sera of Stillborn Fetuses written by MacDonald White Farnham and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals written by J. J. Kaneko and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, Second Edition, Volume I, is a major revision of the first edition prompted by the marked expansion of knowledge in the clinical biochemistry of animals. In keeping with this expansion of knowledge, this edition is comprised of two volumes. Chapters on the pancreas, thyroid, and pituitary-adrenal systems have been separated and entirely rewritten. Completely new chapters on muscle metabolism, iron metabolism, blood clotting, and gastrointestinal function have been added. All the chapters of the first edition have been revised with pertinent new information, and many have been completely rewritten. This volume contains 10 chapters and opens with a discussion of carbohydrate metabolism and associated disorders. Separate chapters follow on lipid metabolism, plasma proteins, and porphyrins. Subsequent chapters deal with liver, pancreatic, and thyroid functions; the role of the pituitary and adrenal glands in health and disease; the function of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium metabolism in health and disease; and iron metabolism.

Download or read book Characterization of Porcine Circovirus Type 2a and 2b Infection and Lesions in Gnotobiotic Pigs written by Phillip C. Gauger and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection in Immune Cells and Lymphoid Organs by Using in Vitro and in Vivo Models written by 林俊明 and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Aquaculture Virology written by Frederick S.B. Kibenge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-07-16 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaculture Virology, Second Edition covers all the known virus families, and specific diseases that affect each aquatic organism. Descriptions of each disease includes disease name, structure and composition of virus, classification and virus replication, epidemiology, pathology and immunity, diagnostic methods (gross pathology, histopathology, cell culture, PCR, sequencing, ELISA, etc.) and prevention and control. This is an excellent reference of updated foundational and practical knowledge from experts in both academia and research.Those interested in fish viral diseases will find the book an excellent source for high quality illustrations of viral structure, diagrams of pathogenesis of diseases, and many images of gross pathology and histopathology lesions, using the same format in all chapters to facilitate the reading and studying. This second edition of the book will cover all virus families and the specific diseases relevant to aquaculture with current information delivered in a systematic and succinct way to the researcher, teacher, student, diagnostic laboratory staff, clinical veterinarian, aquaculture disease practitioner, farmer, and all people that are interested in viruses in general. - Provides unique, comprehensive information on animal pathogens and viruses found in aquaculture and fisheries - Presents high-quality illustrations of viral structure, diagrams of viral disease processes, gross pathology, and histopathology lesions to aid in understanding - Incorporates all updated changes in taxonomy since the first edition - Includes a new chapter on the impact of climate change on the manifestations of different aquatic animal viral diseases - Describes aquatic viruses of the major aquatic animals, fish, crustaceans, and mollusks