Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cytochrome O Terminal Oxidase of Escherichia Coli written by Chi-tak Doug Au and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissection of the Roles of Individual Terminal Oxidases in Aerobic Respiration of Escherichia Coli written by Tacita Louise Nye and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The terminal oxidases in Escherichia coli are essential for the functioning of the aerobic respiratory systems; they catalyse the terminal 4-electron reduction of oxygen to water at the expense of ubiquinol oxidation and contribute to the generation of a proton motive force. Currently, there are two well-understood terminal oxidases, cytochrome bd-I and cytochrome bo'. However, a third oxidase has been identified, cytochrome bd-II (AppBC). Despite its discovery over twenty years ago, very little work has been published on this elusive ubiquinol oxidase. Initial characterisation by others revealed that its subunit composition and spectral features are similar to those of cytochrome bd-I, but a clear function has not been elucidated. It was demonstrated in this laboratory that cytochrome bd-II gene expression is elevated in a strain lacking cytochrome bd-I and this evidence combined with earlier studies led to the suggestion that cytochrome bd-II may function as a non-proton-translocating electron sink during respiratory stress. However, the suggestion of a 'non-electrogenic' terminal oxidase has been controversial. More recent data demonstrated that cytochrome bd-II has an identical proton to electron ratio to cytochrome bd-I of 1. The aim of this study was to increase our understanding of cytochrome bd-II. Antibodies were produced using as antigens the terminal peptides of both subunits of each of the bd-type oxidases, with the aim of allowing their differentiation and comparison under varied levels of aerobiosis. Cytochrome bd-II showed maximal expression under anaerobic conditions, but its expression was elevated and apparently 'unregulated' in strains lacking cytochrome bd-I. The biochemical properties of cytochrome bd-II were also explored; with particular focus on its affinity for oxygen which was found to be much lower than that of cytochrome bd-I and similar to cytochrome bo'. Spectral and electrode-based studies demonstrated that cytochrome bd-I and cytochrome bd-II show a similar level of resistance to various respiratory inhibitors including cyanide and NO. Finally, the structural genes encoding cytochrome bd-II were cloned into a variety of plasmids and the conditions of growth for optimal protein expression were determined. The studies detailed herein have allowed further characterisation of cytochrome bd-II, but further research using the new tools developed is necessary to ensure a thorough understanding of this third terminal oxidase.
Download or read book Localization of the Prosthetic Group Ligands of Cytochrome O Terminal Oxidase Complex of Escherichia Coli written by Laura Jean Lemieux and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase is one of two terminal oxidases present in the aerobic respiratory chain of E. coli. The cytochrome o complex has been purified and found to contain two protoheme IXs and one copper atom. Subsequently the gene encoding the cyo operon has been cloned. The research presented in this thesis focuses on the continued structural analysis of the cytochrome o oxidase complex including the following areas of interest: (i) the DNA sequence of the cyo operon, (ii) subunit analysis, (iii) localization of the prosthetic groups of this complex to specific subunits and (iv) determination of the histidines responsible for ligating the prosthetic groups of this complex. The cyo DNA sequence presented here reveals that there are five open reading frames, cyo A, B, C, D, and E. Similarity searches performed on these putative subunits reveal that three of these ORFs are related to subunits II, I, and III of both bacterial and eukaryotic cytochrome c oxidases. The remaining two putative subunits have sequence similarity with subunits found in bacterial cytochrome c oxidases. Immunological analyses of subclones of cyoA and cyoB demonstrate that they encode subunits II and I, respectively. Subsequent spectroscopic analysis of these subclones and the cyoBCDE subclone localize both the high and low-spin hemes associated with this complex to subunit I (cyoB) of the cytochrome o oxidase. The alignment of subunit I from cytochrome o oxidase with the analogous subunit from over 23 different species of bacterial and eukaryotic aa$sb3$-type cytochrome c oxidases revealed that there are seven conserved histidines referred to as H106, H284, H333, H334, H411, H419 and H421. Physical data on leucine mutations of these histidines indicate that H106 and H421 serve as ligands for the low-spin heme, H333 and H334 are likely to be copper ligands and H284 is probably the high-spin heme ligand.
Download or read book The Biochemistry of Bacterial Cytochromes written by Tateo Yamanaka and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992-06-22 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes the descriptions of all bacterial cytochromes so far purified and characterized. The bacterial cytochromes are classified on the basis of their functions and are listed in a large number of tables for the convenience of the reader. The author himself is the discoverer of the nitrite reductase of the cd1-type; therefore, the nitrite reductase is described in great detail.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cytochrome Complexes Evolution Structures Energy Transduction and Signaling written by William A. Cramer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction that describes the origin of cytochrome notation also connects to the history of the field, focusing on research in England in the pre-World War II era. The start of the modern era of studies on structure-function of cytochromes and energy-transducing membrane proteins was marked by the 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given to J. Deisenhofer, H. Michel, and R. Huber for determination of the crystal structure of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center. An ab initio logic of presentation in the book discusses the evolution of cytochromes and hemes, followed by theoretical perspectives on electron transfer in proteins and specifically in cytochromes. There is an extensive description of the molecular structures of cytochromes and cytochrome complexes from eukaryotic and prokaryotic sources, bacterial, plant and animal. The presentation of atomic structure information has a major role in these discussions, and makes an important contribution to the broad field of membrane protein structure-function.
Download or read book Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive and up-to-date review of key metabolic processes in bacteria and archaea and how metabolism is regulated under various conditions.
Download or read book Cytochrome Systems written by S. Papa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is based on the proceedings of an International Symposium on "Cytochrome Systems: Molecular Biology and Bioenergetics" that was held at Selva di Fasano near Bari, Italy, between April 7 and 11,1987. It contains papers covering the subjects discussed at the Symposium, contributed both by participants of the meeting and by some invited speakers who were not able to attend. The aim of the Symposium was to bring together experts in various rese arch strategies currently being applied to the study of cytochrome systems, including molecular genetics, protein chemistry, enzymology of electron transfer and protonmotive activity in energy-transducing biological mem branes. Because of the high degree of complexity of cytochrome systems and the increasing sophistication in recent years of the different experimen tal approaches, there has been a growing specialization - sometimes even a tendency to "over-specialization" - among scientists working in this field. This in itself seemed to justify a meeting where representatives of various disciplines could exchange their results and discuss their conclusions. In addition, and perhaps even more importantly, it was felt that meetings of this kind provide an opportunity for a "cross-fertilization" of approaches and ideas among representatives of various fields of science. The present meeting proved to be an ample illustration of the success of such an inter action.
Download or read book Mitochondria and Anaerobic Energy Metabolism in Eukaryotes written by William F. Martin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria are sometimes called the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, because mitochondria are the site of ATP synthesis in the cell. ATP is the universal energy currency, it provides the power that runs all other life processes. Humans need oxygen to survive because of ATP synthesis in mitochondria. The sugars from our diet are converted to carbon dioxide in mitochondria in a process that requires oxygen. Just like a fire needs oxygen to burn, our mitochondria need oxygen to make ATP. From textbooks and popular literature one can easily get the impression that all mitochondria require oxygen. But that is not the case. There are many groups of organismsm known that make ATP in mitochondria without the help of oxygen. They have preserved biochemical relicts from the early evolution of eukaryotic cells, which took place during times in Earth history when there was hardly any oxygen avaiable, certainly not enough to breathe. How the anaerobic forms of mitochondria work, in which organisms they occur, and how the eukaryotic anaerobes that possess them fit into the larger picture of rising atmospheric oxygen during Earth history are the topic of this book.
Download or read book Molecular Medical Microbiology written by Yi-Wei Tang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-09-14 with total page 2214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The molecular age has brought about dramatic changes in medical microbiology, and great leaps in our understanding of the mechanisms of infectious disease. Molecular Medical Microbiology is the first book to synthesise the many new developments in both molecular and clinical research in a single comprehensive resource. This timely and authoritative three-volume work is an invaluable reference source of medical bacteriology. Comprising more than 100 chapters, organized into 17 major sections, the scope of this impressive work is wide-ranging. Written by experts in the field, chapters include cutting-edge information, and clinical overviews for each major bacterial group, in addition to the latest updates on vaccine development, molecular technology and diagnostic technology. Topics covered include bacterial structure, cell function, and genetics; mechanisms of pathogenesis and prevention; antibacterial agents; and infections ranging from gastrointestinal to urinary tract, centrtal nervous system, respiratory tract, and more. - The first comprehensive and accessible reference on molecular medical microbiology - Full color presentation througout - In-depth discussion of individual pathogenic bacteria in a system-oriented approach - Includes a clinical overview for each major bacterial group - Presents the latest information on vaccine development, molecular technology, and diagnostic technology - More than 100 chapters covering all major groups of bacteria - Written by an international panel of authors who are experts in their respective disciplines
Download or read book Tetrapyrroles written by Martin Warren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-21 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excluding the biological polymers proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, modified tetrapyrroles are the biological molecules that have had the greatest impact on the evolution of life over the past 4 billion years. They are involved in a wide variety of fundamental processes that underpin central primary metabolism in all kingdoms of life, from photosynthesis to methanogenesis. Moreover, they bring colour into the world and it is for this reason that these compounds have been appropriately dubbed the ‘pigments of life’. To understand how and why these molecules have been so universally integrated into the life processes one has to appreciate the chemical properties of the tetrapyrrole scaffold and, where appropriate, the chemical characteristics of the centrally chelated metal ion. This book addresses why these molecules are employed in Nature, how they are made and what happens to them after they have finished their usefulness.
Download or read book Nitric Oxide written by Lester Packer and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Description of the Volume: Nitric Oxide, recently designated "Molecule of the Year," impinges on a wide range of fields in biological research, particularly in the areas of biomedicine and cell and organismal biology, as well as in fundamental chemistry. This volume will be a valuable resource for the experienced researcher as well as for those newly entering the field. This volume continues the coverage of new and important tools for the elucidation of Nitric Oxide action initiated in Volumes 268 and 269 of Methods in Enzymology. Techniques for researching the physiology and toxicity of nitric oxide in cellular and organismal systems are highlighted. General Description of the Series: The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences. Key Features * Biological Activity * NO Donors: Nitrosothiols and Nitroxyls * Peroxynitrite * Oxidant and Antioxidant Action.
Download or read book Bioenergetics written by Chong H. Kim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of the Biochemical Sciences is underlined by the FAOB symposium in Seoul and highlighted by this Satellite meeting on the "New Bioenergetics. " Classical mitochondrial electron transfer and energy coupling is now complemented by the emerging molecular biology of the respiratory chain which is studied hand in hand with the recognition of mitochondrial disease as a major and emerging study in the basic and clinical medical sciences. Thus, this symposium has achieved an important balance of the fundamental and applied aspects of bioenergetics in the modern setting of molecular biology and mitochondrial disease. At the same time, the symposium takes note not only of the emerging excellence of Biochemical Studies in the Orient and indeed in Korea itself, but also retrospectively enjoys the history of electron transport and energy conservation as represented by the triumvirate ofYagi, King and Slater. Many thanks are due Drs. Kim and Ozawa for their elegant organization of this meeting and its juxtaposition to the FAOB Congress. Britton Chance April 2, 1990 v PREFACE This book contains the contributed papers presented at the "International Symposium on Bioenergetics: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Pathology", held in Seoul, Korea, August 18-21, 1989, sponsored by International Union of Biochemistry (as ruB Symposium No. 191) and Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea. The symposium was held in honor of Professor Kunio Yagi to commemorate his 70th birthday.
Download or read book Bacterial Biofilms written by Tony Romeo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-26 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface-attached, matrix-enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical, and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related bacteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections. This volume focuses on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease, although it is by no means comprehensive. It opens with chapters that provide the reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental, and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic persistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth.
Download or read book The Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria written by D.A. Bryant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-31 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than twenty years ago, as a fledgling graduate some peculiar aspects of the genetics of these student who was just starting to learn about these organisms but to pay respects to the two volumes of organisms that would become my primary research Carr of Whitton that played important roles in my focus, the publication of Noel Carr and Brian own thinking about cyanobacteria (and no doubt in Whitton's The Biology of the Blue-Green Algae in the development of many others as well). Contri 1973 was an event of great significance. Until the buting authors were asked to describe not only what appearance of this treatise, there was no single volume we know at present, but also to point out things we available that presented a broad overview of the don't know yet. I have attempted to assemble a book biology and biochemistry ofthese organisms. Nearly that would stimulate graduate students and other ten years later, I was privileged to be a contributing researchers in the same way that I was affected by the author to Carr and Whitton's sequel volume The books mentioned above. Biology of the Cyanobacteria. Although the It appears that cyanobacterial molecular biologists intervening period had been marked by heated debates have indeed paid attention to the admonition of their over the taxonomy and taxonomic position of the erstwhile colleague, W Ford Doolittle, to 'study organisms, it was also a time when the comparative those things that cyanobacteria do well.
Download or read book Advances in Microbial Physiology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-07-17 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Advances in Microbial Physiology continues the long tradition of topical and important reviews in microbiology - Contributions from leading authorities - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Download or read book Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent determination of genome sequences for a wide range of bacteria has made in-depth knowledge of prokaryotic metabolic function essential in order to give biochemical, physiological, and ecological meaning to the genomic information. Clearly describing the important metabolic processes that occur in prokaryotes under different conditions and in different environments, this advanced text provides an overview of the key cellular processes that determine bacterial roles in the environment, biotechnology, and human health. Prokaryotic structure is described as well as the means by which nutrients are transported into cells across membranes. Glucose metabolism through glycolysis and the TCA cycle are discussed, as well as other trophic variations found in prokaryotes, including the use of organic compounds, anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic respiratory processes, and photosynthesis. The regulation of metabolism through control of gene expression and control of the activity of enzymes is also covered, as well as survival mechanisms used under starvation conditions.
