Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Biology of Insulin like Growth Factors and Their Receptors written by Derek Leroith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential element in the development and functional integrity of all organisms is intercellular communication. This is achieved by the secretion of soluble messenger molecules which subsequently interact with receptor-effector pathways in the responsive cells. Hormones are traditionally defined as chemical messengers synthesized by endocrine glands. Unlike hormones produced by endocrine glands, growth factors are hormone-related substances produced by many tissues and play an important role in controlling growth and development. While the exact physiological roles of growth factors have yet to be elucidated, they play important roles in the regulation of cellular proliferation and/or differentiation during ontogenesis, growth and differentiation. During recent years there has been a substantial increase in research related to peptide growth factors, their receptors, and modes of action. With the discovery and characterization of numerous growth factors, it became clear that these growth factors had multiple features in common with classic hormones as well as with oncogenes. Furthermore, there are distinct families of growth factors based either on structural or functional similarities.
Download or read book Insulin like Growth Factors written by Derek LeRoith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-05-28 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, the continued interest in insulin-related growth factors has been documented by a plethora of research programs and publications focused on these growth factors. Both molecular and cellular biological techniques have improved and enabled investigators to study the properties of the growth factors in depth. This volume covers the molecular (genetic) aspects of the growth factors, their binding proteins and receptors, as well as those factors affecting their gene transcription and translation. In addition, aspects of the cellular action of these growth factors through their receptors and how this impacts normal cellular function are discussed. The book will provide valuable information for researchers in physiology, biology, endocrinology, and metabolism.
Download or read book Molecular Biology and Physiology of Insulin and Insulin Like Growth Factors written by Derek LeRoith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses a fundamental puzzle in biology and medicine, namely, how does tissue develop, repair and replace itself. The answer appears to lie in growth factors and their regulation. To thrive and survive we need growth factors and this book concentrates on two factors that are related to growth hormone. Growth hormone does not act directly on all tissues, but mediates many of its actions through the release of insulin-like growth factors from the liver. The growth factors were originally called somatomedins by McConaghey and Sledge (1), who discovered that they mediated growth-like effects of growth hormone. However, the factors were purified on the basis of their insulinomimetic actions on fat and muscle and it is their relationship to the insulin family of pep tides that now gives them their name (2,3) of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). They mediate the actions of. growth hormone on the proteoglycan synthesis of cartilage and produce mitogenic effects in fibroblast cultures.
Download or read book Peptide Growth Factors and Their Receptors I written by Michael B. Sporn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume treatise, the collected effort of more than 50 authors, represents the first comprehensive survey of the chemistry and biology of the set of molecules known as peptide growth factors. Although there have been many symposia on this topic, and numerous publications of reviews dealing with selected subsets of growth factors, the entire field has never been covered in a single treatise. It is essential to do this at the present time, as the number of journal articles on peptide growth factors now makes it almost impossible for anyone person to stay informed on this subject by reading the primary literature. At the same time it is becoming increasingly apparent that these substances are of universal importance in biology and medicine and that the original classification of these molecules, based on the laboratory setting of their discovery, as "growth factors," "lymphokines," "cytokines," or "colony stimulating factors," was quite artifactual; they are in fact the basis of a com mon language for intercellular communication. As a set they affect essentially every cell in the body, and in this regard they provide the basis to develop a unified science of cell biology, germane to all of biomedical research. This treatise is divided into four main sections. After three introductory chapters, its principal focus is the detailed description of each of the major peptide growth factors in 26 individual chapters.
Download or read book Insulin Insulin like Growth Factors and Their Receptors in the Central Nervous System written by Mohan Raizada and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, intercellular communication and the regulation of biological functions of the body have been considered the role of two major and distinct systems: the nervous system and the endocrine system. The classic nervous system transmitted its signal rapidly by using electrical currents, whereas the signals used by the endocrine system were hormones produced by endocrine glands which reached the target tissues via the blood stream. During the past few decades, it has become apparent that these systems of intercellular com munication are not distinct and the signal messenger molecules are not unique to one or the other system. Many classic endocrine hormones are found in and act on nervous tissues and evidence exists for their de novo synthesis by neural related tissues. An exciting development in this area is the possibility that insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are not only produced by neural tissues but also exert profound physiological and biochemical effects on these tissues. The area of investigation of CNS insulin and IGF has been expanding rapidly and the availability of this book complete with up-to-date reviews on the subject by leaders in the field allows other scientists to utilize the knowledge in planning and adapting the latest ideas for future experiments. In addition, the book provides a collection of up-to-date articles for teachers to be used for the latest instructional material. The first section of the book covers general aspects of insulin receptors and insulin action.
Download or read book Holland Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
Download or read book Cooperation of Liver Cells in Health and Disease written by Z. Kmiec and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is only during the last decade that the functions of sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, pit cells and other intrahepatic lymphocytes have been better understood. The development of methods for isolation and co-culturing various types of liver cells has established that they communicate and cooperate via secretion of various intercellular mediators. This monograph summarizes multiple data that suggest the important role of cellular cross-talk for the functions of both normal and diseased liver. Special features of the book include concise presentation of the majority of detailed data in 19 tables. Original schemes allow for the clear illustration of complicated intercellular relationships. This is the first ever presentation of the newly emerging field of liver biology, which is important for hepatic function in health and disease and opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation III written by Sudhir Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-07-31 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in the understanding of the major events that shape the immune recog nition system have been remarkable. The analysis of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene organization and Ig repertoire diversification in lower vertebrates has provided new insight into this process in mammals. Similarly, the understanding of the early development of lymphocytes and of the acquisition of immunological tolerance has been aided by elegant studies in quail/chicken chimeras, using the power of the distinctive markers of the constitutive cells of these birds. Great strides have been made in understanding the role played by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in antigen presentation and in repertoire selec tion within the thymus. The use of transgenic mice expressing specific T-cell receptor (TCR) genes has elucidated the process of both positive and negative selection. In parallel, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of tolerance, based in part on the use of markers for the V fJ genes of T-cell receptors and in part on the analysis of the behavior of long term T-cell lines. This has led to the realization that both clonal deletion and clonal anergy may play critical roles in the maintenance of unresponsiveness to self antigen. Molecular analysis of the requirements for expression of membrane immunoglobulin molecules has revealed the existence of a complex that appears to be of critical importance in mediating signalling through Ig receptors. In addition, major insights have been obtained into the regulation of expression of genes of immunologic interest.
Download or read book The Insulin like Growth Factors written by Paul N. Schofield and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has seen an explosion in our understanding of the factors regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. One of the most exciting advances has been the recognition of the pivotal role of the peptide growth factors in these processes. The insulin-like growth factors, discovered in 1958 by Salmon and Daughaday, are now among the best characterized growth factors. This comprehensive work describes the recent advances in knowledge of their receptors and binding proteins together with their purification and cloning. This provides exciting insights into the role of these factors in the physiology of normal growth, embryonic development and areas of pathology such as wound healing and cancer. In this book an international group of contributors reviews the most up-to-date information on all aspects of the insulin-like growth factors, and critically discusses models for IGF action in their own systems. The book is a valuable source of information and ideas for researchers, and an accessible introduction to the subject for students and clinicians.
Download or read book Insulin and IGFs written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-03-10 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology, and enzyme mechanisms. Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines.This volume focuses on insulin and IGFs. Longest running series published by Academic Press Contributions by leading international authorities
Download or read book Advances in Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology written by D. LeRoith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-03-25 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically the field of endocrine research has always been at the forefront of scientific endeavors. The investigators of these important breakthroughs in research have been rewarded by numerous Nobel awards. In the field of diabetes alone, Nobel prizes have been awarded to researchers who discovered insulin, characterized the protein and invented radioimmunoassays using insulin as a paradigm. Not surprisingly, biomedical researchers have always been attracted by the endocrine system and other similar systems of intercellular communication. Over the past two decades, endocrine research has developed rapidly and adapted modern molecular and cellular biology techniques for its specific use. These changes have allowed researchers in the field to maintain their edge. Thus, endocrine disease-related genes have been characterized and mutations in these genes have helped explain common and less common endocrine disorders. Our understanding of the regulation of gene expression has been greatly enhanced by molecular techniques. In an attempt to bring investigators up to date with the recent advances in this exploding field we have decided to publish a series entitled Advances in Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. Internationally famous investigators have agreed to participate and their contributions are appreciated. Volume 1 has focused on aspects of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis including GnRH and GH gene regulation, molecular aspects of insulin, insulin-like growth factors and glucagon. In addition, reviews on the recently cloned calcium receptor and steroid receptor interactions with DNA are presented.
Download or read book Growth Factors and Their Receptors in Cell Differentiation Cancer and Cancer Therapy written by G V Sherbet and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-14 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation G.V. Sherbet provides insights into the signalling processes involved in morphogenesis and pathogenesis with emphasis on using the elements of the signalling cascades as targets for therapeutic deployment. The book focuses on the relationships and convergence of growth factors and their receptors in development and pathogenesis.
Download or read book Insulin Like Growth Factors written by Douglas Yee and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past five years there has been an explosion of "targeted therapies" for cancer treatment. In most cases, these therapies have been based on pre-clinical data showing that specific molecules play an important role in regulating the malignant phenotype. In breast cancer, there is compelling rationale that such targeted strategies should be successful. Targeting of estrogen receptor ? (ER?) has proven to be a successful way to reduce breast cancer risk, decrease the risk of death and recurrence in an adjuvant setting, and remains the first choice of treatment for advanced disease. With this success, it is hoped that other molecular pathways could also be successfully exploited. This publication reviews the role of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in breast cancer. Over 100 years ago George Beatson made an intuitive leap connecting breast cancer therapy with ovarian function He removed the ovaries from a premenopausal woman with breast cancer; he reasoned that ovarian function regulated normal mammary gland function, therefore the ovaries may influence the malignant phenotype. Other discussion included cover the function of IGF action in the normal mammary gland using mouse model systems where expression and function can be manipulated and the patterns of expression of the IGFs, their binding proteins, and their receptors in the normal gland.
Download or read book Current Directions in Insulin Like Growth Factor Research written by Derek LeRoith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family has become an exciting area of investigation. Initially, this family consisted of ligands (insulin, IGF-I and IGF-m and receptors (the insulin receptor, the type I or IGF-I receptor and the type II or IGF-IYM-6-P receptor). Subsequently, it was discovered that six specific binding proteips (lGFBPs 1-6) playa major role in the actions of this growth factor family. In addition, there are now more potential receptors when one considers the possible roles of the insulin-receptor related receptor (IRR) and hybrid receptor dimers composed of insulin and IGF-I receptor (half-receptors). Another important aspect of this area of research is the realization that the IGFs are not only essential for normal growth and development but, in addition play an important role in the normal specialized function(s) of all tissues of the body, including the nervous system, skeleton, reproductive system, kidney, and the immune system, to name but a few. The development of recombi!tant human IGF-I for clinical testing has been a major breakthrough for investigators. Potential uses include wound healing, reversal of catabolic states, diabetes, bone remodeling, recovery from acute renal failure and many others. will determine both its use and its potential hazards.
Download or read book Growth Factors and their Receptors in Cancer Metastasis written by Wen G. Jiang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: about the involvement of signaling Transforming growth factor in tumor development and metastasis. plays a central role in the signaling network that controls morphogenesis, 2. THE BASICS OF growth and cell differentiation in SIGNALING multicellular organisms. The different members of this pleiotropic family of 2. 1. receptor signaling growth and differentiation factors seem to The family of growth factors regulate many processes in human disease consists of more than thirty members in and, in particular, tumor development. humans alone (15, 16). They cluster in Our understanding of how two major groups, the group composed of initiated signals are mediated has both the bone morphogenetic proteins increased dramatically in the last fifteen (BMP) and growth and differentiation years. Firstly, the prototype of factors (GDFs), and the group formed by this still constantly growing family, was the Activins, and Nodals. The two identified and cloned (1). Secondly, the groups differ in their use of receptors for family receptors were transmembrane receptors and the identified by expression cloning from subsequent activation of the mammalian tissue culture (2-7). Thirdly, transcriptional mediators (for recent genetic screens in Drosophila reviews see (13, 14, 17)).
Download or read book Modern Concepts of Insulin like Growth Factors written by E. Martin Spencer and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1991 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To address the explosion of new and exciting information on the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), the Second International Symposium on Insulin-Like Growth Factors/Somatomedins was convened from January 12-16, 1991, in San Francisco, California. This book covers many diverse research areas, fostering communication among specialists from such areas as growth and development, cell physiology, reproductive physiology, nephrology, surgery, molecular genetics, oncology and ophthalmology. More than 45 renowned experts present comprehensive discussions of the major areas of IGF research, reviewing the significant background information, presenting the latest in IGF research, and also recommending nomenclature of IGF genes, transcripts, and binding proteins drawn up by special panels.These recurrent themes are expressed throughout: # The remarkable ability of IGFs to adapt, to acquire new functions in different organ systems, and to facilitate actions of other tropic hormones # Autocrine and Paracrine modes of action # The critical role of the IGF binding proteins in regulating IGF actions and delivery to and from tissue # The unique heterogeneity of IGF mRNAs that potentially offers multiple mechanisms for differential regulation of IGF gene expression.
Download or read book Signal Transduction through Growth Factor Receptors written by Y. Kitagawa and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 1994-06-15 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intense interest has been focused on the proliferation and differentiation of cells in multicellular organisms, because these events play a key role in embryogenesis, and coordinate the development and maintenance of the whole body by recruiting the mature cells with specific functions and regulating the formation of organs. Proteins, called growth factors, are mainly responsible for determining the fate of cells. The actions of growth factors are mediated by their interaction with specific receptors composed of an extracellular ligand-binding portion, a membrane spanning region, and a cytoplasmic region. The most important question is: How is the interaction of a ligand with its receptor transferred through the cytoplasmic membrane into the intracellular machinery that governs cell behavior? Tremendous efforts devoted to cloning growth factor receptors have made it possible to dissect receptor structures into functional domains: a ligand-binding site, a signal transducer region, and a regulatory domain. The first exciting finding was that receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, insulin-like growth factor (JGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and several other growth factors were tyrosine kinases that were regulated by binding to individual specific ligands; the receptors are membrane-associated allosteric enzymes. In addition to the tyrosine kinase receptor family, a new receptor family has recently been found which has no tyrosine kinase domain, but has two characteristic conserved features (two pairs of cysteines and a Trp-Ser-X-Trp-Ser motif) in the extracellular region. Receptors of prolactin, growth hormone, and several hemopoietic growth factors including IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and erythropoietin belong to this new family. Some chapters selected for this volume deal with two tyrosine kinase receptors (receptors for insulin and hepatocyte growth factor), six receptors (for IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and erythropoietin) in a new receptor family, and one unique receptor (IL-1 receptor) that does not belong to any known receptor family. Emphasis on a new receptor family is possible because of remarkable progress in the elucidation of receptor compnents that construct high-affinity ligand binding sites and signal transducers. Although we are still far from a full understanding of the molecular bases connecting ligand binding with cell behavior, the editors believe that one can appreciate through these authoritative reviews where the field is now and where it is proceeding in the years ahead.
