Download or read book Modelling the Dispersion of Radionuclides in the Marine Environment written by Raúl Periánez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-28 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide details the techniques and numerical procedures required for numerical modelling of radioactivity dispersion in marine environments. The book goes beyond the basics of hydrodynamic modeling to analyze the latest trends in modeling.

Download or read book Modelling of Marine Dispersion and Transfer of Radionuclides Accidentally Released from Land Based Facilities written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication describes and summarizes the work of the MODARIA (modelling and data for radiological impact assessments) Programme Working Group 10. MODARIA was set up to continue the IAEA's activities in the field of testing, comparing and developing guidance on the application of models to assess radiation exposures to humans and radiological impacts on the environment. Different aspects of the MODARIA programme were addressed by ten working groups. The current publication presents the work undertaken by Working Group 10 on the modelling of marine dispersion and transfer of radionuclides accidentally released from land-based facilities. Two marine dispersion scenarios were studied. These scenarios simulated dispersion of radionuclides in the Baltic Sea following the Chernobyl accident, and dispersion in the Pacific Ocean following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. The publication details some general conclusions and presents a comparison of model performance when applied to the above scenarios. The difficulties of developing operative modelling systems for supporting decision making in cases of emergencies in highly dynamic environments are highlighted.

Download or read book Modelling the Dispersion of Radionuclides in the Marine Environment written by Raúl Periánez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-03-07 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a practical guide to the subject of numerical modelling of radioactivity dispersion in the marine environment. Thus, the techniques and numerical procedures required are explained in detail, with the aim of enabling the reader to build a real mathematical model. The book covers basic concepts and techniques, such as solving the advection-diffusion equation in a simple 1D form, as well as the most recent developments (full 3D models for non-conservative radionuclides including chemical reactions and speciation). A chapter is dedicated to the basic hydrodynamic modelling that is always required to simulate the dispersion of tracers in the sea; Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling techniques are also described. A chapter describes sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, the final stage in modelling works. A review on some published radionuclide dispersion models is also included. The book also includes a CD-ROM with a Lagrangian dispersion model of the Strait of Gibraltar and several Fortran codes developed by the author which can be used to reproduce some of the cases described in the book.

Download or read book Studies of Environmental Radioactivity in Cumbria Part 11 Modelling the Dispersion of Radionuclides in the Irish Sea written by J.M. Howorth and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development and implementation of a computer code for modelling the dispersion of radioactive pollutants around dumping sites written by Matjaž Četina and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 3D mathematical model LMT3D has been developed and adapted to simulate the transport and dispersion of radioactive (RA) pollutants around dumping sites. The model consists of two coupled sub-models:hydrodynmic sub-model and mass-transport submodel. The hydrodynamic sub-model is 3D, non-linear and baroclinic. A finite hybrid numerical scheme is used in a orthogonal grid to solve the basic equations. The mass-transport sub-model solves the advection-diffusion equation by a lagrangian-based particle tracking method. Several forcing factors can be occounted for in both sub-models: wind forcing,thermo-haline forcing, inflow of rivers or inflow/outflow through straits. The integrated model was applied to carry out a detailed study of transport-dispersion of RA pollutants in the Japan Sea. The report presents a description of the problem, the model and the results. A large amount of radioactive (RA) waste has been deposited in the Japan Sea at the sea bottom, at a depth of about 3500 meters. Although several measurements of RA pollution in this sea have shown no increase of radioactivity over the natural values, concern exists that there may be some leakage of the RA pollutants from the dumped waste. The question is where they might be transported by currents and dispersion, and especially after what time and where they would reach the surface layers, where they might contaminate fish and other marine organisms.

Download or read book A Preliminary Mathematical Model for Predicting the Transport of Radionuclides in the Marine Environment written by S. G. Bloom and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Radiation Monitoring at the Low Level Radioactive Waste Storage Facility in Siu a Chau and Development of a Particle Dispersion Model in Marine Environment written by Yu-Yeung Chiu and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Environmental Radiation Monitoring at the Low Level Radioactive Waste Storage Facility in Siu A Chau and Development of a Particle Dispersion Model in Marine Environment" by Yu-yeung, Chiu, 趙汝揚, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING AT THE LOW LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE STORAGE FACILITY IN SIU A CHAU AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT Submitted by Chiu Yu Yeung for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in August 2006 The low-level radioactive waste storage facility (LRWF) on the remote island of Siu A Chau, Hong Kong SAR, commenced operation in mid 2005 and operator was required to transfer the then existing low-level radioactive wastes from the Queen's Road East tunnels storage to the LRWF within the first operational year. In this year, monitoring of the facility was carried out by us in order to ensure that there is no long-term adverse effect to the environment near the LRWF. An environmental survey was made before and after the LRWF commenced operation. Large quantities of baseline samples had been collected before the operation to find out the normal fluctuation of radioactivities in environmental samples. Environmental samples included soil, sand, grass, seawater, airborne particulate filter and ambient gamma dose rate. Then, environmental samples were taken regularly after the LRWF commenced operation. The samples were collected monthly for the first 6 months and bi-monthly for another 6 months. When no problem was encountered, the sampling schedule was changed to yearly. The gamma emitters, gross alpha and beta activities in the environmental samples were analyzed. The radioactivities in environmental samples were compared individually with the respective investigation levels, which were 3 times of standard deviation above the average radioactivities in baseline samples ( x+ 3σ ). When the sample activity exceeds the investigation level, some investigations were carried out. Most of the samples were normal but the radioactivities in a few sand samples and airborne particulate filters were found to be higher than investigation levels, and were caused by sample variances and/or seasonal variation. Also, the ambient gamma dose rate was analyzed by two-tailed t-test. The results showed no significant difference between mean of baseline ambient gamma dose rate and mean of the ambient gamma dose rate after the LRWF commenced operation. Moreover, a particle dispersion model in marine environment was developed to estimate dispersion of radionuclides over Sum Wan, Siu A Chau, when the liquid effluent was discharged from the facility by aquatic pathway. A preliminary experiment at Tolo Harbour and tracer experiment at Sum Wan, Siu A Chau, were carried out to verify the model. Delayed coincidence counting system was used to analyze the concentration of natural tracer, Ra-224, over Tolo Harbour. The field data agreed with the model results. A fluorescent dye, rhodamine WT, was instantaneously discharged near the discharge pipeline of the LRWF. The fluorescent dye concentrations in water samples were measured by a simple fluorometer. The low concentration samples had relatively large percentage error, making it difficult to compare with the simulation results. However, no contradiction between field experiment and the model was found. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3857361 Subjects: Radioactivity - China - Hong Kong - Measurement Low level radioactive waste disposal

Download or read book Modelling the Dispersion of Radionuclides Following Short Duration Releases to Rivers written by J. T. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Radiation Dose Reconstruction for Epidemiologic Uses written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-05-16 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing public concern about releases of radiation into the environment has focused attention on the measurement of exposure of people living near nuclear weapons production facilities or in areas affected by accidental releases of radiation. Radiation-Dose Reconstruction for Epidemiologic Uses responds to the need for criteria for dose reconstruction studies, particularly if the doses are to be useful in epidemiology. This book provides specific and practical recommendations for whether, when, and how studies should be conducted, with an emphasis on public participation. Based on the expertise of scientists involved in dozens of dose reconstruction projects, this volume: Provides an overview of the basic requirements and technical aspects of dose reconstruction. Presents lessons to be learned from dose reconstructions after Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and elsewhere. Explores the potential benefits and limitations of biological markers. Discusses how to establish the "source term"â€"that is, to determine what was released. Explores methods for identifying the environmental pathways by which radiation reaches the body. Offers details on three major categories of dose assessment.

Download or read book Advances in Hydroinformatics written by Philippe Gourbesville and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-25 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features a collection of extended papers based on presentations given at the SimHydro 2019 conference, held in Sophia Antipolis in June 2019 with the support of French Hydrotechnic Society (SHF), focusing on “Which models for extreme situations and crisis management?” Hydraulics and related disciplines are frequently applied in extreme situations that need to be understood accurately before implementing actions and defining appropriate mitigation measures. However, in such situations currently used models may be partly irrelevant due to factors like the new physical phenomena involved, the scale of the processes, and the hypothesis included in the different numerical tools. The availability of computational resources and new capacities like GPU offers modellers the opportunity to explore various approaches to provide information for decision-makers. At the same time, the topic of crisis management has sparked interest from stakeholders who need to share a common understanding of a situation. Hydroinfomatics tools can provide essential information in crises; however, the design and integration of models in decision-support systems require further development and the engagement of various communities, such as first responders. In this context, methodologies, guidelines and standards are more and more in demand in order to ensure that the systems developed are efficient and sustainable. Exploring both the limitations and performance of current models, this book presents the latest developments based on new numerical schemes, high-performance computing, multiphysics and multiscale methods, as well as better integration of field-scale model data. As such, it will appeal to practitioners, stakeholders, researchers and engineers active in this field.

Download or read book A Preliminary Comparison of Models for the Dispersion of Radionuclides Released Into the Deep Ocean written by M. D. Hill and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling the Dispersion of Radioactive Contaminants in the Arctic Using a Coupled Ice Ocean Model written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although several countries dispose of their radioactive waste in the world's oceans, recent revelations by the former Soviet Union concerning disposal of radioactive waste in the shallow water of the Kara Sea have created widespread environmental concern. The Yablokov Report or the White Book is the official Russian documentation of source locations, the time of dumping and the amounts and types of radioactive materials that have been dumped. The report states that low level liquid waste was dumped into the Kara and Barents Seas with lesser amounts dumped into the White Sea and the Baltic. Low to intermediate waste was dumped into the Kara and Barents Seas. The material assumed the most environmentally hazardous was solid radioactive waste with spent nuclear fuel. Nuclear reactors containing the spent nuclear fuel were deposited along the eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya island in water with average depths between 20-40 m. Major river/estuary systems located in the Kara and Barents Seas, particularly the larger Ob and Yenisei rivers as well as the smaller Pechora river, are additional sources. The disposal of liquid radioactive waste at the Sellafield site in the Irish Sea has also been suggested as a source of radioactivity for the Barents and the Kara Sea.

Download or read book Generic Models for Use in Assessing the Impact of Discharges of Radioactive Substances to the Environment written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes an approach for assessing doses to members of the public as part of an environmental impact analysis of predictive radioactive discharges. This is achieved by using screening models which describe environmental processes in mathematical terms, producing a quantitative result.

Download or read book Impacts of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident on Fish and Fishing Grounds written by Kaoru Nakata and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-10 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the results from the Japanese Fisheries Research Agency’s 3-year intensive monitoring of radionuclides in a variety of fish, plankton, benthos, and their living environments after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident in March 2011. The book reveals the dynamics of contamination processes in marine and freshwater fish, mediated by the contamination of water, sediments, and food organisms; it also clarifies the mechanisms by which large variations in the level of contamination occurs among individual fish. Most importantly, the book includes a large amount of original measurement data collected in situ and for the first time assesses diffusion of radiocesium across the Pacific using both in situ data and a numerical simulation model. Also introduced are several new approaches to evaluate the impact of the release of radionuclides, including the measurement of radiation emission from an otolith section to identify the main period of contamination in fish. The FNPP accident represents a rare instance where the environmental radioactivity level was elevated steeply through atmospheric fallout and direct discharge of radioactive water into the sea over a short period of time. Replete with precise scientific data, this book will serve as an important resource for research in fields such as fishery science, oceanography, ecology, and environmentology, and also as a solid basis for protecting fisheries from damage resulting from harmful rumors among the general public.

Download or read book Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere written by John Lin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 200. Trajectory-based (“Lagrangian”) atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling has gained in popularity and sophistication over the previous several decades. It is common practice now for researchers around the world to apply Lagrangian models to a wide spectrum of issues. Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere is a comprehensive volume that includes sections on Lagrangian modeling theory, model applications, and tests against observations. Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series. Comprehensive coverage of trajectory-based atmospheric dispersion modeling Important overview of a widely used modeling tool Sections look at modeling theory, application of models, and tests against observations

Download or read book Modelling Radioactivity in the Environment written by E.M. Scott and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-05-22 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just as an environmental model typically will be composed of a number of linked sub-models, representing physical, chemical or biological processes understood to varying degrees, this volume includes a series of linked chapters exemplifying the fundamental nature of environmental radioactivity models in all compartments of the environment. Why is a book on modelling environmental radioactivity necessary? There are many reasons why such a boook is necessary, perhaps the most important that: - modelling is an often misunderstood and maligned activity and this book can provide, to a broad audience, a greater understanding of modelling power but also some of the limitations. - modellers and experimentalists often do not understand and mistrust each other's work yet they are mutually dependent, in the sense that good experimental science can direct good modelling work and vice-versa; we hope that this book can dispel mistrust and engender improved understanding. - there is an increasing reliance on model results in environmental management, yet there is also often misuse and misrepresentation of these results. This book can help to bridge the gap between unrealistic expectations of model power and the realisation of what is possible, practicable and feasible in modelling of environmental radioactivity; and finally, - modelling tools, capacity and power have increased many-fold in a relatively short period of time. Much of this is due to the much-heralded computer revolution, but much is also due to better science. It is useful to consider what gap if any still remains between what is possible and what is necessary.

Download or read book Modeling Methods for Marine Science written by David M. Glover and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-02 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This advanced textbook on modeling, data analysis and numerical techniques for marine science has been developed from a course taught by the authors for many years at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. The first part covers statistics: singular value decomposition, error propagation, least squares regression, principal component analysis, time series analysis and objective interpolation. The second part deals with modeling techniques: finite differences, stability analysis and optimization. The third part describes case studies of actual ocean models of ever increasing dimensionality and complexity, starting with zero-dimensional models and finishing with three-dimensional general circulation models. Throughout the book hands-on computational examples are introduced using the MATLAB programming language and the principles of scientific visualization are emphasised. Ideal as a textbook for advanced students of oceanography on courses in data analysis and numerical modeling, the book is also an invaluable resource for a broad range of scientists undertaking modeling in chemical, biological, geological and physical oceanography.