Download or read book Modeling of the Non Auditory Response to Blast Overpressure VU Program Guide Version 1 6 written by Carol A. Meister and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The VU program provides interactive access to either the DASA created data files or a database of the processed data. The Program Guide is a user's manual for the program. Keywords: RA 3, Database files, Computer programming, Blast injuries, Explosions, User manuals, VU program guide-version 1.6. (JG).

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling of the Non Auditory Response to Blast Overpressure The State of Modeling Blast Injury written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the importance of the findings of the modeling project and to appreciate the need for extending those ideas, it is necessary to review the state of knowledge of blast overpressure injury at the time that the modeling project was initiated and how the needs of Army have evolved. In the early 1980's, two methods existed for assessing blast overpressure injury: one, Military Standard 1474B (Ref. 1), for use in occupational situations, and the other, the Bowen curves (Ref. 2), for use in combat conditions. Mil. Std. 1474-B is a standard developed for predicting auditory hazard based on observed values of peak pressure level and duration. It contains the so-called 'Z-line, ' above which no soldier should be exposed because of possible nonauditory injury that no amount of hearing protection could prevent. The nature of that injury is unspecified and the curve was not based on any observational data, although it might have reflected the intuition of the committee. The other curves in the standard were based primarily on small calibre weapons and, at the time of its creation, the Z-line was well removed from any operational weapon system.

Download or read book Modeling of the Non Auditory Response to Blast Overpressure Summary of Blast Overpressure Field Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a compilation of blast overpressure field data taken at the Blast Overpressure Test Site in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The work was conducted under the direction of Dr. D.R. Richmond and a complete list of source documents is contained in the Reference section. Most of the field tests involved sheep placed in the blast environment. The purpose was to empirically correlate injury to blast wave parameters. This report summarizes the test data compiled to date, but is by no means all inclusive. Corresponding to each test are plots of the associated incident pressure field. The purpose of this report is to provide a convenient summary of these tests for use by all researchers. This report is organized into seven sections, each devoted to a different blast study. They are: Armored Personnel Carrier (APC); Bunker Summer Studies of 85, 86, 87; Double Peak; and Iso-Impulse. Within each section, a separate page describes each combination of charge type, charge weight, height of burst, and range. Keywords: RA 3, Weapons effects (Biological), Non-auditory responses, Blast overpressure, Explosions, Blast injuries, Field data, Tables(Data).

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1990-11 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling of the Non Auditory Response to Blast Overpressure written by James H. Stuhmiller and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to develop mathematical models of the physical processes that cause blast injury so that the results of tests using animals in simple blast environments can be safely translated to estimating hazard to man exposed to blast both in the free field and within enclosures. The present project builds upon earlier work to develop models of the mechanics of the thorax and lung exposed to simple blast waves. The scope of activity has been expanded to include the lung, the gastro-intestinal track, the upper respiratory tract, and the tympanic organs. In addition, the work now addresses occupational and combat level exposures. This report covers the second year of the contract. A considerable amount of progress has been made in understanding the basic mechanisms of injury and in providing practical tools for the measurement and prediction of blast effects. Keywords: Blast overpressure, Injury, Modeling.

Download or read book Modeling of the Non Auditory Response to Blast Overpressure Use of Surrogate and Analytical Models to Understand the Parameters Controlling Blast Injury to the Gastro Intestinal Tract written by James H. Stuhmiller and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous experimental studies using excised, perfused rabbit intestine in a sealed water tank, have provided direct visual observation that air bubbles produce local, violent, intestinal wall motion when they collapse under blast loading and that injury directly correlates with those motions. Measurements of the pressure within the bubble was shown to correlate with the motion of the wall and with injury. It was speculated that this pressure is an indirect measure of the stress in the wall tissue and therefore could be a means of quantifying the injury process. An analytical model of the dynamics of a bubble within an elastic membrane has been developed. Surrogate models, using materials with properties similar to that of intestine wall, but arranged in simpler geometric configurations, have been used to collect data on the dynamic process. The model results are compared and discussed. Keywords: RA 3, Weapons effects(Biological), Non-auditory responses, Blast overpressure, Explosions, G.I. Tract, Blast injury. (JG).

Download or read book Modeling of the Non Auditory Response to Blast Overpressure Considerations in Developing a Mechanistically Based Model of Blast Induced Injury to Air Containing Organs written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to anticipate the potential for injury in a wide variety of blast environments, without the excessive use of animal tests, it is necessary to develop a mechanistic understanding that can be used reliably. The process by which the blast wave produces injury is conceived to have the following intermediate steps. The external blast creates a pressure load distribution on the body that sets it in mechanical motion. That motion is transmitted through the body structure to the air-containing organs, where rapid distortions cause stresses within the organ tissue. The combination of stress and motion does work on the tissue and, when certain material limits are exceeded, results in injury. Multiple, isolated exposures lead to a nonlinear accumulation of damage. This paper discusses the non-organ-specific aspects of modeling this process and demonstrates that the general characteristics of injury observed in animal field tests can be explained. Injury to the larynx is used to make a quantitative validation and a simple-wave, multiple-short Damage-Risk Criterion (DRC) is developed. Keywords: RA 3, Non-auditory response, Blast overpressure, Protective equipment, Weapons effects(Biological), DRC, Larynx, Air-containing organs, Stress(Physiology).

Download or read book Modeling of the Non Auditory Response to Blast Overpressure Calculation of the Internal Mechanical Response of Sheep to Blast Loading written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calculations are made of the intrathoracic pressure expected from blast loading of sheep. A mathematical model of the chest wall and lung parenchyma have been formulated as a system of differential equations which include the effects of chest wall mass and resistance, density of the parenchyma and an adiabatic equation of state for air within the parenchyma. The differential equations are discretized as a system of nonlinear finite difference equations with the blast loading appearing as a boundary condition. This finite system is then solved on a computer using an implicit solution algorithm. Blast loadings used in the calculations are from field tests and correspond to animal response ranging from no injury to severe injury. Intrathoracic pressure in the esophagus and at four locations within the lung parenchyma, all in the approximate plat of the seventh thoracic vertebra, are compared with field test measurements for four occupational levels and four injury levels of blast overpressure. Keywords: RA 3, Numerical analysis, Differential equations, Weapons effects(Biological), Blast injuries, Non- auditory responses to blast overpressure, Thoracic injury.

Download or read book Neurological Effects of Repeated Exposure to Military Occupational Levels of Blast written by Molly M. Simmons and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is increasing concern over the common, repetitive forms of blast to which military members are exposed during service, and how those exposures could affect the central nervous system. The authors of this report review the relevant literature.

Download or read book New Perspectives on Noise induced Hearing Loss written by Roger P. Hamernik and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1982 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Book Preservation Technologies written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Neurological Effects of Repeated Exposure to Military Occupational Blast written by Charles C. Engel and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Seventh Department of Defense State-of-the-Science Meeting examined the risk posed to military personnel by low-level blast exposure, the current evidence base, and potentially promising approaches to prevent and detect blast injuries.

Download or read book Getting MAD Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction Its Origins and Practice written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 40 years after the concept of finite deterrence was popularized by the Johnson administration, nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) thinking appears to be in decline. The United States has rejected the notion that threatening population centers with nuclear attacks is a legitimate way to assure deterrence. Most recently, it withdrew from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, an agreement based on MAD. American opposition to MAD also is reflected in the Bush administration's desire to develop smaller, more accurate nuclear weapons that would reduce the number of innocent civilians killed in a nuclear strike. Still, MAD is influential in a number of ways. First, other countries, like China, have not abandoned the idea that holding their adversaries' cities at risk is necessary to assure their own strategic security. Nor have U.S. and allied security officials and experts fully abandoned the idea. At a minimum, acquiring nuclear weapons is still viewed as being sensible to face off a hostile neighbor that might strike one's own cities. Thus, our diplomats have been warning China that Japan would be under tremendous pressure to go nuclear if North Korea persisted in acquiring a few crude weapons of its own. Similarly, Israeli officials have long argued, without criticism, that they would not be second in acquiring nuclear weapons in the Middle East. Indeed, given that Israelis surrounded by enemies that would not hesitate to destroy its population if they could, Washington finds Israel's retention of a significant nuclear capability totally "understandable."

Download or read book FutureGen Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Second Nuclear Age written by Colin S. Gray and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author takes issue with the complacent belief that a happy mixture of deterrence, arms control and luck will enable humanity to cope adequately with weapons of mass destruction, arguing that the risks are ever more serious.

Download or read book Explosions in Air written by Wilfred Edmund Baker and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: