Download or read book Modeling of Optical Beam Spread in Sea Ice written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two year theoretical investigation of the optical properties of first year sea ice yielded several important results: (1) beam spread function measurements provide an important constraint on inversion of optical data to obtain ice scattering properties; (2) several hundred optical path lengths can be required to approach the asymptotic radiance distribution for point light sources, even though the ice is highly scattering; (3) photon diffusion theory gives a reasonably good description of light propagation deep within sea ice and, more importantly, shows that sea ice scattering phase functions are highly peaked near the forward scattering direction; (4) classical radiative transfer theory is adequate for prediction of light propagation within sea ice, and (5) it is possible to begin with sea ice physical properties and proceed in a rigorous fashion to predict sea ice inherent and apparent optical properties.
Download or read book Environmental Optics Abstract Book written by United States. Office of Naval Research. Ocean, Atmosphere and Space Modeling & Prediction Division and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modelling of Optical Measurements on Sea Ice written by S. A. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Optics XII written by Jules S. Jaffe and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1030 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Measurements of Sea Ice written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea ice in its many stages of growth from frazil to multi-year ice affects the optics of the polar regions. To understand how the optical characteristics are affected by the physical and biological characteristics of the ice we have developed and utilized several optical measurement techniques. Technical objectives of this effort included the development of an in-ice spectral radiometer for measurement of the diffuse attenuation coefficient. We also developed and calibrated an optical instrument for the measurement of frazil ice concentrations. The scientific objectives were to make in-ice measurements of the beam spread function (BSF) using an instrument developed under this grant, the spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient, and the diffuse attenuation coefficient of a beam source. These measurements are to study the effects of the anisotropic nature of sea ice on the directional optical properties and to be used in determining the asymptotic diffuse attenuation coefficient.
Download or read book An Optical Model for the Microwave Properties of Sea Ice written by Per Gloersen and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Digest written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Structural optical Model of Cold sea Ice written by Bonnie Light and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Optical Properties of Sea Ice written by Donald K. Perovich and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea ice is a translucent material with an intricate structure and complex optical properties. Understanding the reflection, absorption, and transmission of shortwave radiation by sea ice is important to a diverse array of scientific problems, including those in ice thermodynamics and polar climatology. Radiative transfer in sea ice is a combination of absorption and scattering. Differences in the magnitude of sea ice optical properties are due primarily to differences in scattering. Spectral variations are mainly a result of absorption. Changes in such optical properties as the albedo, reflectance, transmittance, and extinction coefficient are directly related to changes in the state and structure of the ice. Physical changes that enhance scattering, such as the formation of air bubbles due to brine drainage, result in larger albedos and extinction coefficients. The albedo is quite sensitive to the surface state. If the ice has a snow cover, albedos are large. In contrast, the presence of liquid water on a bare ice surface causes a decrease in albedo, which is more pronounced at longer wavelengths. Sea-ice optical properties depend on the volume of brine and air and on how the brine and air are distributed.
Download or read book Detection of Melt Ponds on Arctic Sea Ice with Optical Satellite Data written by Anja Rösel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic sea ice is characterized by profound changes caused by surface melting processes and the formation of melt ponds in summer. Melt ponds contribute to the ice-albedo feedback as they reduce the surface albedo of sea ice, and hence accelerate the decay of Arctic sea ice. To quantify the melting of the entire Arctic sea ice, satellite based observations are necessary. Due to different spectral properties of snow, ice, and water, theoretically, multi-spectral optical sensors are necessary for the analysis of these distinct surface types. This study demonstrates the potential of optical sensors to detect melt ponds on Arctic sea ice. For the first time, an Arctic-wide, multi-annual melt pond data set for the years 2000-2011 has been created and analyzed.
Download or read book Laboratory measurements of optical beams in young sea ice written by J.S. SCHOONMAKER and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IGARSS 95 written by and published by Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE). This book was released on 1995 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Ocean Optics X written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Topical Symposium on Combined Optical microwave Earth and Atmosphere Sensing written by and published by Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE). This book was released on 1993 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Properties of Snow and Sea ice written by Holly J. Reay and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
