Download or read book Modeling Injection Induced Fractures and Their Impact in CO2 Geological Storage written by Zhiyuan Luo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-scale geologic CO2 storage is a technically feasible way to reduce anthropogenic emission of green house gas to atmosphere by human beings. In large-scale geologic CO2 sequestration, high injection rate is required to satisfy economics and operational considerations. During the injection phase, temperature and pressure of the storage aquifers may vary significantly with the introduced CO2. These changes would re-distribute the in-situ stresses in formations and induce fracture initiation or even propagation. If fractures are not permitted by regulators, then the injection operation strategies must be supervised and designed to prevent fracture initiation, and the storage formations should be screened for risk of fracturing. In more flexible regulatory environment, if fractures are allowed, fractures would strongly influence the CO2 migration profile and storage site usage efficiency depending on fracture length and growth rate. In this dissertation, we built analytical heat transfer models for vertical and horizontal injection wells. The models account for the dependency of overall heat transfer coefficient on injection rate to more accurately predict the borehole temperature. Based on these models, we can calculate temperature change in formation surrounding wellbores and thus evaluate thermo-elastic stress around borehole as well as its impact on fracture initiation pressure. By considering the impact of thermo-elastic effect on fracturing pressure, we predicted maximum injection rate avoiding fracture initiation and provided injection and storage strategies to increase the maximum safe injection rate. The results show that thermo-elastic stress significantly limits maximum injection rate for no-fractured injection scenario, especially for horizontal injectors. To improve injection rate, partial perforation and pre-heating CO2 before injection have been designed, and results shows that these strategies can strongly negate thermo-elastic influence for various injection scenarios. On the other hand, the model provides parametric analysis on geological and operational conditions of CO2 storage project for site screening work. In the case of permitting fracture occurrence, a semi-analytical model was built to quantitatively describe fracture propagation and injected fluid migration profile of a fractured vertical injector for storage systems with various boundary conditions. We examined the correlation between fracture growth and CO2 migration in various injection scenarios. Two-phase fractional flow model of Buckley-Leverett theory has been extended to account for the CO2-brine three-region flow system (dry CO2, CO2-brine, and brine) from a fractured injector. In the sensitivity study, fracture growth and fluid migration greatly depend on Young's modulus of the formation rock and storage site boundary conditions. Consequently, the results show that fast growing, long fractures may yield a flooding pattern with large aspect ratio, as well as early breakthrough at the drainage boundary; in contrast, slow growing short fractures provides high injectivity without changing flooded area shape. We studied the physics for issues related to injection induced fractures in geologic CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers, assessed risk associated to them and developed low cost and quick analytical models. These models could easily provide predictions on maximum injection rate in no-fracture regulation CO2 storage projects as well as estimate fracture growth and injected fluid migration under fracture allowable scenarios. "Preferred storage aquifers" have following properties: larger permeability, deep formation, no over pressure, low Young's modulus and low Poisson's ratio and open boundaries. In many practical cases, however, injection strategies have to be designed if some properties of formation are out of ideal range. Besides applications in CO2 storage, the approach and model we developed can also be applied into any injection induced fracture topics, namely water/CO2 flooding and wasted water re-injection.

Download or read book CO2 Injection in the Network of Carbonate Fractures written by J. Carlos de Dios and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents guidelines for the design, operation and monitoring of CO2 injection in fractured carbonates, with low permeability in the rock matrix, for geological storage in permanent trapping. CO2 migration is dominated by fractures in formations where the hydrodynamic and geochemical effects induced by the injection play a key role influencing the reservoir behavior. CO2 injection in these rocks shows specific characteristics that are different to injection in porous media, as the results from several research studies worldwide reveal. All aspects of a project of this type are discussed in this text, from the drilling to the injection, as well as support works like well logging, laboratory and field tests, modeling, and risk assessment. Examples are provided, lesson learned is detailed, and conclusions are drawn. This work is derived from the experience of international research teams and particularly from that gained during the design, construction and operation of Hontomín Technology Development Plant. Hontomín research pilot is currently the only active onshore injection site in the European Union, operated by Fundación Ciudad de la Energía-CIUDEN F.S.P. and recognized by the European Parliament as a key test facility. The authors provide guidelines and tools to enable readers to find solutions to their problems. The book covers activities relevant to a wide range of practitioners involved in reservoir exploration, modeling, site operation and monitoring. Fluid injection in fractured media shows specific features that are different than injection in porous media, influencing the reservoir behavior and defining conditions for safe and efficient operation. Therefore, this book is also useful to professionals working on oil & gas, hydrogeology and geothermal projects, and in general for those whose work is related to activities using fluid injection in the ground.

Download or read book Investigation of Coupled Chemo hydro mechanical Processes with Discrete Element Modeling written by Zhuang Sun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological storage of CO2 is proposed as a near-term economically viable approach to mitigate CO2 emissions, and is an example of the coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical processes. Although CO2 injection and enhanced oil recovery are viewed as mature technologies in the oil and gas industry, investigation of all possible implications is necessary for secure and effective long-term CO2 storage. The injection of a large volume of CO2 into target storage formations is usually associated with a number of geomechanical processes that are initiated at the pore scale. Therefore, a pore-scale geomechanical model, i.e. Discrete Element Method (DEM), is of great importance to better understand the underlying pore-scale processes and mechanisms that govern the large-scale CO2 geological storage. In this work, we concentrate on several significant pore-scale coupled phenomena. Firstly, CO2 injection into geological formations involves chemo-mechanical processes and shifts the geochemical equilibrium between the minerals and resident brine, which subsequently induces mineral-brine-CO2 reactions and affects CO2 storage mechanical integrity. We utilize a numerical model that couples the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and the Bonded-Particle Model (BPM) to perform simulations on synthetic rocks that mimic tested rock samples. Numerical results, in agreement with experimental evidence, show that both cement and particle dissolution significantly contribute to rock weakening in sandstones with carbonate/hematite cements and pore-filling carbonate. Secondly, reservoir compaction involves hydro-mechanical processes that induce changes in porosity and permeability, and is a significant concern for the oil and gas production. We develop a grain crushing model based on the DEM to investigate the changes in porosity and permeability under the reservoir stress path. Grain crushing is shown to be the dominant mechanism for significant changes in porosity and permeability under a high effective stress. Samples consisting of large and soft grains tend to be more readily compacted. Finally, fluid injection in the subsurface may induce fractures and is another common hydro-mechanical process. We couple the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to solve for the mechanics of a solid granular medium and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to model fluid flow and drag forces. We validate the resolved CFD-DEM numerical model against experiments from the literature and investigate the impact of physical properties and injection parameters. This work reveals how the pore-scale processes contribute to fluid-driven fracture initiation

Download or read book Hydraulic Fracture Modeling written by Yu-Shu Wu and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracture Modeling delivers all the pertinent technology and solutions in one product to become the go-to source for petroleum and reservoir engineers. Providing tools and approaches, this multi-contributed reference presents current and upcoming developments for modeling rock fracturing including their limitations and problem-solving applications. Fractures are common in oil and gas reservoir formations, and with the ongoing increase in development of unconventional reservoirs, more petroleum engineers today need to know the latest technology surrounding hydraulic fracturing technology such as fracture rock modeling. There is tremendous research in the area but not all located in one place. Covering two types of modeling technologies, various effective fracturing approaches and model applications for fracturing, the book equips today’s petroleum engineer with an all-inclusive product to characterize and optimize today’s more complex reservoirs. Offers understanding of the details surrounding fracturing and fracture modeling technology, including theories and quantitative methods Provides academic and practical perspective from multiple contributors at the forefront of hydraulic fracturing and rock mechanics Provides today’s petroleum engineer with model validation tools backed by real-world case studies

Download or read book Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling and Application in Reservoir Simulation written by Kamy Sepehrnoori and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of naturally fractured reservoirs, especially shale gas and tight oil reservoirs, exploded in recent years due to advanced drilling and fracturing techniques. However, complex fracture geometries such as irregular fracture networks and non-planar fractures are often generated, especially in the presence of natural fractures. Accurate modelling of production from reservoirs with such geometries is challenging. Therefore, Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling and Application in Reservoir Simulation demonstrates how production from reservoirs with complex fracture geometries can be modelled efficiently and effectively. This volume presents a conventional numerical model to handle simple and complex fractures using local grid refinement (LGR) and unstructured gridding. Moreover, it introduces an Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) to efficiently deal with complex fractures by dividing the fractures into segments using matrix cell boundaries and creating non-neighboring connections (NNCs). A basic EDFM approach using Cartesian grids and advanced EDFM approach using Corner point and unstructured grids will be covered. Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling and Application in Reservoir Simulation is an essential reference for anyone interested in performing reservoir simulation of conventional and unconventional fractured reservoirs. Highlights the current state-of-the-art in reservoir simulation of unconventional reservoirs Offers understanding of the impacts of key reservoir properties and complex fractures on well performance Provides case studies to show how to use the EDFM method for different needs

Download or read book Injection and Reservoir Hazard Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The In Salah Gas Project (ISG), a joint venture (JV) of BP, Sonatrach, and StatoilHydro, has two fundamental goals: (1) 25-30 years of 9 bcfy natural gas production from 8 fields in the Algerian Central Sahara, and (2) successful minimization of the associated environmental footprint by capture and subsurface isolation of the excess CO2 extracted from production streams and subsurface isolation in the Krechba sandstone reservoir. The In Salah project provides an opportunity to study key physical and chemical processes in operational deployment of geological carbon sequestration. The objectives of the research are to study two components relevant to storage effectiveness and operational success at In Salah: Reactive chemistry of the brine-CO2-reservoir-caprock-wellbore system, and the geomechanical effects of large-scale injection on crustal deformation and fault leakage hazards. Results from this work will enhance predictive capability of field performance, provide a new basis for interpretation of geophysical monitoring at In Salah, and provide additional information relevant to the creation of geological sequestration standards. The Joint Industry Partners (JIP: BP, StatoilHydro, Sonatrach) and LLNL will share data and results to achieve the objectives of the proposed work. The objective of the work performed at LLNL is to integrate LLNL core strengths in geochemistry and geomechanics to better understand and predict the fate of injected CO2 in the field. The mechanical, chemical and transport properties of the reservoir-caprock system are coupled. We are using LLNL-developed quantitative tools to assess the potential for CO2 migration/leakage caused by injection-induced deformation. The geomechanical work is focused upon fault activation, fluid induced fracturing of the caprock and permeability field evolution of the fractured reservoir. These results will be used in concert with reactive transport calculations to predict the ultimate fate of the CO2. We will integrate laboratory and reactive transport modeling to assess CO2 plume migration and partitioning between different trapping mechanisms. Geochemical reactive transport modeling will be used to address multiphase flow (supercritical CO2 and water), CO2 dissolution, mineral sequestration, and porosity/permeability changes. The reactive transport portion of the work ultimately couples with geomechanical modeling. In particular, the distribution of the pressure perturbation induced by injection drives the geomechanical response. Subsequently, the geochemical work determines if water-rock interactions eventually enhance or suppress fractures. A key focus of this work is to establish the site specific interactions of geomechanics, reactive flow and transport. This involves building and refining models of the reservoir and overburden. The models will undergo continual refinement in response to data collected in the field and experiments performed at LLNL and elsewhere. This project commenced in FY08, with DOE funding starting in April, FY08. We have successfully initiated a cross-disciplinary study of the In Salah CO2 sequestration project and have met all FY08 and FY09 Q1, Q2 and Q3 milestones. During the reporting period, we continued to acquire and process data from the JIP to import into our own geomechanical and geochemical computational tools. The lab testing program continued using both locally formulated cements and field samples from Krechba. The geomechanical studies indicate that pore fluid pressures induced by injection will lead to significant permeability enhancement of the combination of fracture network and fault network within the reservoir in the vicinity of the injectors. We continued reactive transport calculations for CO2 rich fluids flowing through fractures. These calculations demonstrate that although porosity and permeability changes are expected in response to CO2 injection they are not anticipated to have a significant effect upon transport properties within the reservoir or caprock. The experimental program continued on schedule, providing refined estimates of the in situ quality of the wellbore cement composition in the field. These results will be used to inform estimates of the risk of wellbore seepage of CO2. Geomechanical analysis identified which faults are most likely flow conduits and which are expected to act as flow barriers for inclusion into reservoir models. Subsequent NUFT simulations were performed based upon this information and the results indicate that the presence of faults in the vicinity of the KB-502 injector may be responsible for the early breakthrough of CO2 observed at KB-5. Additionally, we have simulated the uplift of the overburden resulting from NUFT reservoir models of fluid injection and compared the results with the InSAR data.

Download or read book Geological Carbon Storage written by Stéphanie Vialle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids. Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity offers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caprock failure and integrity Potential environmental impacts of carbon dioxide migration on groundwater resources Carbon dioxide leakage mitigation and remediation techniques Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity is an invaluable resource for geoscientists from academic and research institutions with interests in energy and environment-related problems, as well as professionals in the field.

Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

Download or read book Geophysics and Geosequestration written by Thomas L. Davis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the geophysical techniques and analysis methods for monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storage for researchers and industry practitioners.

Download or read book Finite Elements in Fracture Mechanics written by Meinhard Kuna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-19 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fracture mechanics has established itself as an important discipline of growing interest to those working to assess the safety, reliability and service life of engineering structures and materials. In order to calculate the loading situation at cracks and defects, nowadays numerical techniques like finite element method (FEM) have become indispensable tools for a broad range of applications. The present monograph provides an introduction to the essential concepts of fracture mechanics, its main goal being to procure the special techniques for FEM analysis of crack problems, which have to date only been mastered by experts. All kinds of static, dynamic and fatigue fracture problems are treated in two- and three-dimensional elastic and plastic structural components. The usage of the various solution techniques is demonstrated by means of sample problems selected from practical engineering case studies. The primary target group includes graduate students, researchers in academia and engineers in practice.

Download or read book Principles of Applied Reservoir Simulation written by John R. Fanchi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-08 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulate reservoirs effectively to extract the maximum oil, gas and profit, with this book and free simlation software on companion web site.

Download or read book Geologic Carbon Sequestration written by V. Vishal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exclusive compilation written by eminent experts from more than ten countries, outlines the processes and methods for geologic sequestration in different sinks. It discusses and highlights the details of individual storage types, including recent advances in the science and technology of carbon storage. The topic is of immense interest to geoscientists, reservoir engineers, environmentalists and researchers from the scientific and industrial communities working on the methodologies for carbon dioxide storage. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are often held responsible for the rising temperature of the globe. Geologic sequestration prevents atmospheric release of the waste greenhouse gases by storing them underground for geologically significant periods of time. The book addresses the need for an understanding of carbon reservoir characteristics and behavior. Other book volumes on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) attempt to cover the entire process of CCUS, but the topic of geologic sequestration is not discussed in detail. This book focuses on the recent trends and up-to-date information on different storage rock types, ranging from deep saline aquifers to coal to basaltic formations.

Download or read book Strategies for Mitigating Risks of Scalibility and Containment in Geological CO2 Storage written by Yun Wu (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To be relevant for greenhouse gas mitigation, geological CO2 storage in a deep saline aquifer must be scalable, and the stored CO2 must be securely contained. Conventional approaches to aquifer storage have both scalability and containment risks. In this work, the scalability risks of interest are the achievable sustained injection rates of CO2 and storage efficiencies. The containment risks examined here are associated with uncontrolled fracture initiation and propagation in the injection zone, and CO2 leakage. Operational strategies for minimizing the risks of scalability and containment while maximizing the injection rate and storage efficiency are important to support commercially viable implementations of numerous large-scale CO2 storage projects. We focus on the CO2 storage by surface dissolution strategy, which stores the captured CO2 in a storage aquifer by dissolving it into brine extracted from the storage formation and then injecting CO2-saturated brine into the same storage formation. This method has advantages over the standard CO2 storage method in eliminating or reducing certain containment risks, but it still faces the scalability risks of achieving large injection rates. We quantify the maximum injection rate of CO2-saturated brine for a safe storage project, by preventing the initiation and propagation of tensile fractures. We incorporate thermal constraints in our model by including the induced thermoelastic stress in the calculation of the formation breakdown pressure. We design a closed-loop surface dissolution technique that completely eliminates the problem of brine disposal. However, when using this technique the buildup of reservoir pressure gradually reduces the maximum injection rate. We propose a strategy to manage the pressure distribution and maximize the injection rates for each injector. Yet in large-scale geological CO2 storage projects, injection-induced fracturing may be unavoidable when injecting at desired rates. We develop models to analyze injection data from a field supercritical CO2 injection project. The analysis suggests that proper pressure management could stop the propagation of injection-induced fractures. This self-limiting feature of injection-induced fracturing mitigates the containment risks and greatly increases the injection rates. To improve the aquifer utilization efficiency for CO2 storage using the surface dissolution strategy, we continue injecting CO2-saturated brine beyond the pressure contour corresponding to the bubble point. However, this introduces the risks of CO2 leakage. We develop a 1D model in a homogeneous aquifer to study the migration of two-phase fluid flow. Two limiting cases are studied to confine the mobility of free gaseous phase. The results indicate a significant increase in stored CO2 with low risks of leakage because of the small saturation and mobility of exsolved CO2. Allowing the breakthrough of injected CO2-saturated brine at the producers would also increase the aquifer utilization efficiency. The aquifer utilization efficiency can be optimized by minimizing the production/recycling rate of CO2-saturated brine in heterogeneous fields. The results show greatly improved aquifer utilization efficiencies at the cost of handling a small pore volume of produced/recycled CO2-saturated brine.

Download or read book Investigation of Mechanical Failure of Unconventional Rocks and Transport in Resulting Fractures with Implications for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Storage and Utilization as a Stimulation Agent written by Talal Saad M AlShafloot and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exponential increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions motivates deep consideration of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage processes to limit the serious effects of global warming. There are at least two significant options for injection of CO2 into geological units: waterless fracturing of shale and other unconventional rock formations and CO2 storage in various geological units. By injecting fluids at elevated pressures, subsets of fractures are initiated and propagated. Likewise, any existing fractures or faults may be activated by shear displacement. The current practice of injecting so-called slick water (to stimulate natural gas production or enhance recovery of geothermal energy) consumes large quantities of fresh water and is only partially successful. Such applications drive the need to explore the mechanics of rocks exposed to new stimulation fluid candidates. Likewise, many storage formations where CO2 might be sequestered are overlain by a shale caprock. Here, the caprock needs to remain unfractured and intact. Both applications require a thorough understanding of the geomechanical and flow capacity of high conductivity conduits (cracks/fractures/faults) in shale under CO2 conditions to evaluate their effectiveness and risk. To address these motivations, we utilized a novel high pressure high temperature triaxial cell for an experimental campaign to evaluate the mechanisms of shale rock and fracture mechanics when CO2 is present. In doing so, the implications of cracks and fractures on transport are investigated. A series of breakdown pressure tests were conducted to investigate the fracturing behavior accompanying supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) injection compared to water. The high pressure high temperature triaxial cell was utilized to fracture intact unconventional rock samples under reservoir-like conditions. Furthermore, the experimental setup allowed continuous monitoring of in-situ details using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). Here, CT images were utilized for the first time to investigate and confirm the breakdown pressure using fast iterative digital volume correlation that permits visualization of in-situ deformation and strain. Results demonstrated a two to three times greater breakdown pressure for sc-CO2 when compared to water for the samples studied. Under isotropic horizontal stresses, sc-CO2 induces fractures propagating almost independent of bedding planes. Fracture slippage experiments were additionally carried out to evaluate the friction coefficient under sc-CO2 conditions and the transport implications of fracture slip. The two major items of interest in this portion of the thesis are frictional strength and permeability change of the crack. The sc-CO2 generally did not alter the friction coefficient over the time scale of experiments, but there is a negative correlation with clay-content. Saturating cracks with sc-CO2 substantially decreased permeability, while slip resulted in various permeability responses. Overall, the combined impact of saturation and slip reduced fault permeability for all tests. Finally, experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of sc-CO2 saturation on shale sample elastic and time-dependent deformation parameters. The power-law model for creep demonstrated an excellent fit to measured behavior. Power-law model parameters reflect significant ductility of Green River shale and very small time-dependent deformation. Short-term saturation with sc-CO2 (three days) significantly reduced static moduli by 19% to 38%. From a viscous creep perspective, sc-CO2 exposure causes a reduction in time-dependent deformation.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Capture for Storage in Deep Geologic Formations Results from the CO2 Capture Project written by David C Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-01-06 with total page 1358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, the prospect of climate change resulting from anthropogenic CO2 has become a matter of growing public concern. Not only is the reduction of CO2 emissions extremely important, but keeping the cost at a manageable level is a prime priority for companies and the public, alike.The CO2 capture project (CCP) came together with a common goal in mind: find a technological process to capture CO2 emissions that is relatively low-cost and able be to be expanded to industrial applications. The Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Project outlines the research and findings of all the participating companies and associations involved in the CCP. The final results of thousands of hours of research are outlined in the book, showing a successful achievement of the CCP’s goals for lower cost CO2 capture technology and furthering the safe, reliable option of geological storage. The Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Project is a valuable reference for any scientists, industrialists, government agencies, and companies interested in a safer, more cost-efficient response to the CO2 crisis. *Succeeds in tackling the most important issues at the heart of the CO2 crisis: lower-cost and safer solutions, and making the technology available at an industrial level.*Contains technical papers and findings of all researchers involved in the CO2 capture and storage project (CCP)*Consolidates thousands of hours of research into a concise and valuable reference work, providing up-to-the minute information on CO2 capture and underground storage alternatives.

Download or read book Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-08-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention. Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.

Download or read book Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing written by Xi Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-12-15 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing Comprehensive single-volume reference work providing an overview of experimental results and predictive methods for hydraulic fracture growth in rocks Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing: Experiment, Model, and Monitoring provides a summary of the research in mechanics of hydraulic fractures during the past two decades, plus new research trends to look for in the future. The book covers the contributions from theory, modeling, and experimentation, including the application of models to reservoir stimulation, mining preconditioning, and the formation of geological structures. The four expert editors emphasize the variety of diverse methods and tools in hydraulic fracturing and help the reader understand hydraulic fracture mechanics in complex geological situations. To aid in reader comprehension, practical examples of new approaches and methods are presented throughout the book. Key topics covered in the book include: Prediction of fracture shapes, sizes, and distributions in sedimentary basins, plus their importance in petroleum industry Real-time monitoring methods, such as micro-seismicity and trace tracking How to uncover geometries of fractures like dikes and veins Fracture growth of individual foundations and its applications Researchers and professionals working in the field of fluid-driven fracture growth will find immense value in this comprehensive reference on hydraulic fracturing mechanics.