Download or read book Modal Auxiliaries from Late Old to Early Middle English written by Kousuke Kaita and published by Herbert Utz Verlag. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do Modern English modal auxiliaries ought to, should, and must, meaning OBLIGATION, occur in the present tense, yet their forms are in the preterite? Why does to accompany ought? One of the solutions to these questions is to look at the history of the English language. This monograph deals with the history of ought to, should, and must, which are of different syntactic and semantic origins: ought to stems from a main verb of Old English āgan ‘to have’ (POSSESSION) along with to; should derives from sculan ‘must’ with its ‘deviation’ to shall, and mōtan originates in ‘to be allowed to’ (PERMISSION). The work concentrates on the transition from Old English (700-1100) to Middle English (1100-1500), which is a crucial period in the history of the English language. Topics addressed include the linguistic review of modality, the philological reading of primary texts, and the occasional reference to the other Germanic languages.

Download or read book From OV to VO in Early Middle English written by Carola Trips and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2002-12-13 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph answers the question of why English changed from an OV to a VO language on the assumption that this change is due to intensive language contact with Scandinavian. It shows for the first time that the English language was much more heavily influenced by Scandinavian than assumed before, i.e., northern Early Middle English texts clearly show Scandinavian syntactic patterns like stylistic fronting that can only be found today in the Modern Scandinavian languages. Thus, it sheds new light on the force of language contact in that it shows that a language can be heavily influenced through contact with another language in such a way that it affects deeper levels of language. It further gives an introduction to working with the Penn-Helsinki-Parsed Corpus of Middle English II (PPCMEII). It discusses the texts included in the corpus, it describes the format of the texts, and it explains how to search the corpus with the tool called Corpus Search. The book targets researchers in diachronic syntax, comparative syntax and in general linguists working in the field of generative syntax. It can further be used as an introduction to working with the PPCMEII.

Download or read book The Syntax of the Modal Auxiliaries in Old English written by Amoena Brigitte Norcross and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book First Middle English Primer written by Henry Sweet and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Old English Modal Verbs written by Hiroshi Ogawa and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modality in Late Middle English and Early Modern English written by David M. Hart and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Old and Middle English written by Thomas Laurence Kington-Oliphant and published by London and New York, Macmillan and Company. This book was released on 1891 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Middle English Miscellany written by Jacek Fisiak and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Infinitival Complementation in Old and Middle English written by Bettelou Los and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book First Middle English Primer written by Henry Sweet and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Earliest English written by C. B. McCully and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using non-technical language The Earliest English' provides a comprehensive introduction to the evolution of Old English Language and Literature for introductory students of English Language and Linguistics.

Download or read book The modal verbs of Old English written by Leland A. Lester and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study of the Verb adverb Combination in Late Middle English written by Howard Hurt Killingsworth and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Semantics of the Modal Auxiliaries written by Jennifer Coates and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Shoulda Coulda Woulda Informal Modal Verb Forms in the US and Great Britain written by Antonia Friebel and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,3, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, course: Language Variation: Varieties of English Around the World, language: English, abstract: Modal auxiliaries have always been a central point in the study of language change and variation, yet nonstandard forms of core modals have mostly been overlooked by researchers. While there have been studies on the use of informal semi-modals (cf. Krug 2010; Mair 2015), no comparably extensive research has been done for informal core modals. For this reason, I chose to analyze the use of the standards forms should have, would have and could have as well as corresponding informal forms shoulda, woulda and coulda. Furthermore, this study examines modals across two varieties, namely Great Britain and the United States. Considering the 'standard' language of these dialects is rather established, it is particularly interesting to analyze the use of relatively unstable nonstandard forms.

Download or read book First Middle English Primer written by Henry Sweet and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book English Modal Auxiliary Verbs written by Manik Joshi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modal Auxiliary Verb (or 'Modal Verb' or 'Modal Auxiliary') is a verb that is used with another verb (not a modal verb) to express ability, intention, necessity, obligation, permission, possibility, probability, etc.English modal auxiliary verbs - may, might, can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, need, used(to), ought(to), dare different patterns and examples may and might are used to express- possibility, compulsion, obligation, probability (in present and future) can, could are used to express- ability, probability, possibility, suggestion, request, condition will, would are used to express- action in future, present habit, compulsion, obligation shall, should are used to express- action in future, suggestion, surprise, importance or purpose need is used to express necessity used(to) is used to express- past habit ought(to) is used to express- probability, recommendation, obligation, advise dare is used to express- be brave enough toSample This:Modal Auxiliary Verb -- May and Might'May' and 'Might' are used to show Possibility and Probability'May' and 'Might' are used to ask for Permission'May' is used to give or refuse PermissionSome Important Uses of 'May' and 'Might'To say what the purpose of something isWe eat that we may live.Her prayer was that the child might live.That he might be well fed his mother starved herself.To admit that something is true before introducing another point, argument, etc.You may not return to past glory, but don't stop believing.City may not have the roads to drive sports car, but it has excellent infrastructure.It may not be wise, but using force may be lawful.I may not have deserved the house I bought, but I'm glad I own it.He may not have been loved, but he was respected.We may have had to go without food, but he is very considerate.'May' is used to express wishes and hopesMay you live prosperous life!'May' is used to give or refuse Permission [In Informal and Polite Way]You may contact us for queries regarding donations.When you have finished your work you may go home.Note: Never use 'might' to give permission. [Always use 'may']Never use 'might not' to refuse permission. [Always use 'may not']Difference between 'May' and 'Might'Note: 'Might' is the past equivalent of 'may' in indirect speech.But it is used in the same way as 'may' to talk about the present or future.'May' denotes more possibility/probability'Might' denotes less possibility/probabilityIt may rain tomorrow (Perhaps a 75% chance) - More possibleIt might rain tomorrow (Perhaps a 50% chance) - Less possible'Might' also denotes 'would perhaps'You might attract President's attention later. (= Perhaps you would attract.)He might have to go (Perhaps he had to go.)'Might' is frequently used In conditional sentencesIf I pursued studies further, I might learn more.If I had pursued studies further, I might have learned more.'Might' has limitations while 'asking permission''Might' is very polite and formal. It is not common. It is mostly used in indirect questions.I wonder if I might work on your computer.Note: 'Maybe' is an adverb. ['Maybe' means 'perhaps']Maybe he came to know something secret and was removed from the post.ALSO NOTE:Difference Between 'May' and 'Can''May' is more formal than 'Can''May' is mostly used in 'formal' English.'Can' is mostly used in 'informal' (or spoken) English