Download or read book Mixed Or Contaminated Waste Plastic Recycling Through Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis written by Marco Frediani and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A single type of thermoplastic polymer is easily recycled through a mechanical process, but this way can,Äôt be followed in the presence of mixed or contaminated plastic. In this case, one of the main followed solutions is a thermochemical process and among them, microwave-assisted pyrolysis is one of the emerging technologies. This chapter offers an update of the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of mixed or contaminated waste plastic as a very promising example of chemical recycling. Furthermore, some unpublished results in this field will be reported such as the pyrolysis of waste lead containing polyethylene coming from end cycle batteries or the pyrolysis of waste polypropylene from facemasks used for covid protection. Finally, some examples of pilot plants will be described and commented as well as several industrial cooperations.

Download or read book Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis Process written by Piero Frediani and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the great challenges for the European Union (EU) is the ,ÄúCircular Economy Package,,Äù and to achieve this goal, materials at the end of their life cycle must be recycled using a sustainable process. In this way, as a thermochemical treatment, pyrolysis represents a significant opportunity so long it leads to the recovery of both energy and chemical content of mixed, contaminated, or deteriorated plastics. An excellent history of an academic-industrial adventure started in 2008 at the Department of Chemistry of the University of Florence demonstrates the possibility of employing microwaves to recycle plastics to preserve their energy and chemical content. After that, Techwave started industrialization of the process in 2019, realizing a small-scale prototype followed by a full-scale pilot plant using different plastic materials (e.g., polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), and polypropylene). Nowadays, the plant may process 90¬†kg/h of plastics with a low formation of char and gas and an interesting amount of liquid useful as a source of chemicals or fuel because it has an LHV of 35,Äì43¬†kJ/kg. The Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP) is an industrial novelty in plastic recycling, and it looks very promising for a much more modern and innovative plastic waste recovery system.

Download or read book Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research written by Mattia Bartoli and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-04-13 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research presents and discusses different routes of pyrolytic conversions. It contains exhaustive and comprehensive reports and studies of the use of pyrolysis for energy and materials production and waste management.

Download or read book Recent Microwave Technologies written by Ahmed Kishk and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave bands range from 300 MHz to 300 GHz of the electromagnetic spectrum. These signals can be used in communication, networking, astronomy, and biomedical engineering, among other fields. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the physics of microwave signals, techniques for modeling these signals, uses of these signals in various fields, and the underlying principles of some of the latest microwave devices currently available.

Download or read book Circular Plastics Technologies written by Katrina Knauer and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-01-29 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Feedstock Recycling and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics written by John Scheirs and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrolysis is a recycling technique converting plastic waste into fuels, monomers, or other valuable materials by thermal and catalytic cracking processes. It allows the treatment of mixed, unwashed plastic wastes. For many years research has been carried out on thermally converting waste plastics into useful hydrocarbons liquids such as crude oil and diesel fuel. Recently the technology has matured to the point where commercial plants are now available. Pyrolysis recycling of mixed waste plastics into generator and transportation fuels is seen as the answer for recovering value from unwashed, mixed plastics and achieving their desired diversion from landfill. This book provides an overview of the science and technology of pyrolysis of waste plastics. It describes the types of plastics that are suitable for pyrolysis recycling, the mechanism of pyrolytic degradation of various plastics, characterization of the pyrolysis products and details of commercially mature pyrolysis technologies. This book also covers co-pyrolysis technology, including: waste plastic/waste oil, waste plastics/coal, and waste plastics/rubber.

Download or read book Carbon Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation written by Mattia Bartoli and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation presents an overview of carbon-based technologies and processes, and examines their usefulness and efficiency for environmental preservation and remediation. Chapters cover topics ranging from pollutants removal to new processes in materials science. Written for interested readers with strong scientific and technological backgrounds, this book will appeal to scientific advisors at private companies, academics, and graduate students.

Download or read book Sustainability of Thermochemical Waste Conversion Technologies written by Cynthia Ofori-Boateng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microwave assisted Pyrolysis of HDPE Using an Activated Carbon Bed written by Alan Donald Russell and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastics play an enormous role in modern manufacturing, but the extraction and refining of raw materials, followed by the synthesis of plastics themselves, represents an enormous energy investment into a product that is all too often simply "thrown away" into a landfill after a single use. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a recycling technique that allows the recovery of chemical value from plastic waste by breaking down polymers into useful smaller hydrocarbons using microwave heat in the absence of oxygen. This dissertation examines the use of a catalytic activated carbon bed in this procedure, using high density polyethylene (HDPE) as a model plastic. Initial tests with the batch input of HDPE produced a condensed pyrolysis oil comprising 35.5-45.3% aromatics, with the remainder primarily short-chain aliphatics. This oil was approximately three times lighter than that produced in the absence of catalyst, with a narrower range of molecular masses that matched those of the liquid transport fuels petrol and diesel (C5-C21). The non-condensable gases that resulted were short-chain aliphatics that could be used as feedstock for the creation of new chemicals (such as virgin HDPE), or fuels such as natural gas and LPG. The development of apparatus capable of adding sample in a continuous fashion enabled the processing of larger quantities of HDPE, and resulted in condensed products with a significantly higher aromatic content (>80% at 450°C), and which encompassed a somewhat narrower range of molecular masses compared with those produced in the batch mode; this was due to differences in kinetics and residence time that resulted from the different modes of sample introduction. As a result of processing larger quantities of HDPE it became apparent that the activated carbon deactivated over time, with a bed able to process around 3.5 times its mass in HDPE at 450°C before any significant changes in output products occurred. The decomposition of HDPE proceeds via thermal scission and radical-mediated mechanisms; high energy surface active sites facilitate the transfer of hydrogen and radicals, and this enhances overall cracking and lowers the activation energy for the formation of aromatics. Analysis of material deposited on the surface of the activated carbon confirmed that deactivation occurred through coking, with both cracking and deactivation thought to be enhanced by the formation of microwave-induced microplasmas. Overall, the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of HDPE using activated carbon produces a much narrower range of more valuable products compared with non-catalytic processing. While the process is not likely to be economic in its current form owing to the relatively rapid deactivation of the activated carbon, future configurations incorporating online reactivation may be able to economically provide a second use cycle for these materials, avoiding expending energy to extract and process increasingly scarce new raw material from the surface of the earth.

Download or read book Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Sustainable Recycling of Organic Solid Waste written by Zhen Fang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-18 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers sustainable recycling processes (e.g. physical, biological, chemical, and thermo-chemical) of multiple organic solid wastes, provides methods for material recycle of wastes into value-added products including fuels and commodity chemicals that are able to be directly applied to promote manufacturing processes. Aimed at improving the awareness of effective conversion protocols and for developing innovative biomass conversion processes, this text was conceived as a collection of studies on state-of-art techniques and know-how for production of biofuels and chemicals from sustainable recycling of organic solid wastes. Topics in the text are discussed in terms of addressing recent advances, assessing and highlighting promising new methods or new technological strategies and direct conversion of organic solid wastes to process feeds. Highly-recognized authorities, experts and professionals have contributed individual chapters in selected areas to cover the overall topic in a comprehensive manner.

Download or read book Advanced and Emerging Technologies for Resource Recovery from Wastes written by Laleh Nazari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces advanced or emerging technologies for conversion of wastes into a variety of high-value chemicals and materials. Energy and resources can be recovered from various residential, industrial and commercial wastes, such as municipal wastewater and sludge, e-waste, waste plastics and resins, crop residues, forestry residues and lignin. Advanced waste-to-resource and energy technologies like pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, fractionation, de-polymerization, gasification and carbonization are also introduced. The book serves as an essential guide to dealing with various types of wastes and the methods of disposal, recovery, recycling and re-use. As such it is a valuable resource for a wide readership, including graduate students, academic researchers, industrial researchers and practitioners in chemical engineering, waste management, waste to energy and resources conversion and biorefinery.

Download or read book The Science and Technology of Flexible Packaging written by Barry A. Morris and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2022-07-23 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science and Technology of Flexible Packaging: Multilayer Films from Resin and Process to End Use, Second Edition provides a comprehensive guide on plastic films in flexible packaging, covering scientific principles, materials properties, processes and end use considerations. Sections discuss the science of multilayer films in a concise and impactful way, presenting the fundamental understanding required to improve product design, material selection and processes. In addition, the book includes information on why one material is favored over another and how film or coating affects material properties. Descriptions and analysis of key properties of packaging films are provided from engineering and scientific perspectives. With essential scientific insights, best practice techniques, environmental sustainability information and key principles of structure design, this book provides information aids in material selection and processing, how to shorten development times and deliver stronger products, and ways to enable engineers and scientists to deliver superior products with reduced development time and cost. - Provides essential information on all aspects of multilayer films in flexible packaging, including processing, properties, materials and end use - Bridges the gap between scientific principles and practical challenges - Includes explanations to assist practitioners in overcoming challenges - Enables the reader to address new challenges, such as design for sustainability and eCommerce

Download or read book Mixed Plastics Recycling Technology written by Bruce Hegberg and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1992-12-31 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an overview of mixed plastics recycling technology. In addition, it characterizes mixed plastics wastes and describes collection methods, costs, and markets for reprocessed plastics products.

Download or read book Plastics Waste Management written by Muralisrinivasan Natamai Subramanian and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-09-02 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides clear explanations for newcomers to the subject as well as contemporary details and theory for the experienced user in plastics waste management. It is seldom that a day goes by without another story or photo regarding the problem of plastics waste in the oceans or landfills. While important efforts are being made to clear up the waste, this book looks at the underlying causes and focuses on plastics waste management. Plastics manufacturers have been slow to recognize their environmental impact compared with more directly polluting industries. However, the environmental pressures concerning plastics have forced the industry to examine their own recycling operations and implement plastics waste management. Plastics Waste Management realizes two ideals: That all plastics should be able to persist for as long as plastics are required, and that all plastics are recycled in a uniform manner regardless of the length of time for which it persists. The book examines plastics waste management and systems for the environment, as well the management approaches and techniques which are appropriate for managing the environment. It serves as an excellent and thoughtful plastics waste management handbook. This groundbreaking book: Identifies deficiencies in plastics waste management Extrapolates from experiences to draw some conclusions about plastics waste for persistence Describes methods how the waste related processing techniques should be used in recycling Shows how the consumer and industry can assess the performance of plastics waste management Explains waste utilization by recycling techniques as well as waste reduction Life cycle assessment as an important technique for recycling of persistent plastics waste.

Download or read book Chemical Recycling of Mixed Waste Plastics by Selective Pyrolysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this work is to use selective pyrolysis to produce high-value chemicals from waste plastics mixtures. Selectivity is achieved by exploiting differences in reaction rates, catalysis, and coreactants. Target wastes are molecular mixtures such as; blends or composites, or mixtures from manufactured products such as; carpets and post-consumer mixed-plastic wastes. The experimental approach has been to use small-scale experiments using molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS), which provides rapid analysis of reaction products and permits rapid screening of process parameters. Rapid screening experiments permit exploration of many potential waste stream applications for the selective pyrolysis process. After initial screening, small-scale, fixed-bed and fluidized-bed reactors are used to provide products for conventional chemical analysis, to determine material balances, and to test the concept under conditions that will be used at a larger scale. Computer assisted data interpretation and intelligent chemical processing are used to extract process-relevant information from these experiments. An important element of this project employs technoeconomic assessments and market analyses of durables, the availability of other wastes, and end-product uses to identify target applications that have the potential for economic success.

Download or read book Feedstock Recycling of Plastic Wastes written by Jose Aguado and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of plastic materials has seen a massive increase in recent years, and generation of plastic wastes has grown proportionately. Recycling of these wastes to reduce landfill disposal is problematic due to the wide variation in properties and chemical composition among the different types of plastics. Feedstock recycling is one of the alternatives available for consideration, and Feedstock Recycling of Plastic Wastes looks at the conversion of plastic wastes into valuable chemicals useful as fuels or raw materials. Looking at both scientific and technical aspects of the recycling developments, this book describes the alternatives available. Areas include chemical depolymerization, thermal processes, oxidation and hydrogenation. Besides conventional treatments, new technological approaches for the degradation of plastics, such as conversion under supercritical conditions and coprocessing with coal are discussed. This book is essential reading for those involved in plastic recycling, whether from an academic or industrial perspective. Consultants and government agencies will also find it immensely useful.

Download or read book Advances in Eco Fuels for a Sustainable Environment written by Abul Kalam Azad and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Eco-fuels for Sustainable Environment presents the most recent developments in the field of environmentally friendly eco-fuels. Dr. Kalad Azad and his team of contributors analyze the latest bio-energy technologies and emission control strategies, while also considering other important factors, such as environmental sustainability and energy efficiency improvement. Coverage includes biofuel extraction and conversion technologies, the implementation of biotechnologies and system improvement methods in the process industries. This book will help readers develop a deeper understanding of the relevant concepts and solutions to global sustainability issues with the goal of achieving cleaner, more efficient energy. Energy industry practitioners, energy policymakers and government organizations, renewables researchers and academics will find this book extremely useful. - Focuses on recent developments in the field of eco-fuels, applying concepts to various medium-large scale industries - Considers the societal and environmental benefits, along with an analysis of technologies and research - Includes contributions from industry experts and global case studies to demonstrate the application of the research and technologies discussed