Download or read book miRNAs and Target Genes in Breast Cancer Metastasis written by Seema Sethi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SpringerBrief gives the latest research on the role of miRNAs in breast cancer metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recently described small endogenous noncoding RNAs implicated in the posttranscriptional control of gene expression. These tiny molecules are involved in developmental, physiologic phenomenon as well as pathologic processes including cancers. In fact, miRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of cancer progression, invasion and metastasis. This is mainly because a single miRNA can affect several downstream genes and signaling pathways with oncogenic or tumor suppressor actions depending on the target genes affected. Due to this multimodal downstream signaling effects, these small endogenous molecules hold great promise in metastasis prevention and treatment. Modulating the activity of miRNAs can provide opportunities for novel cancer interventions. Targeting miRNAs could become a novel prognostic and therapeutic strategy to prevent the future development of metastasis. Thus, miRNAs could also serve as a potential targets for anti-metastatic therapy. The book explores how the expression of miRNAs in the primary tumor could be silenced using antagomirs (chemically modified anti-miRNA oligonucleotides), which could prevent the development of metastasis; whereas once metastasis develops then it could be treated with miRNA mimics for inducing its expression for the treatment. Therefore, development of miRNA-based prophylactic therapies could serve as precision and personalized medicine against future development of metastasis of breast and other cancers.

Download or read book MicroRNAs in Cancer written by César López-Camarillo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets as well as the potential use in translational medicine. Chapters present comprehensive and expert perspectives on the roles of miRNAs in most common cancers from bench to bedside applications and are written by an international team of renowned experts in the field.

Download or read book MicroRNAs in Development and Cancer written by Frank J. Slack and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNAs have recently emerged as key regulators of gene expression during development and are frequently misexpressed in human disease states, in particular cancer. These 22-nucleotide-long transcripts act to promote or repress cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis during development, all of which are processes that go awry in cancer. Thus, microRNAs have the ability to behave like oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In addition, their small size and molecular properties make them amenable as targets and therapeutics in cancer treatment. This book goes into detail on how microRNAs represent a paradigm shift in thinking about gene regulation during development and disease, and provide the oncologist with a potentially powerful new battery of agents to diagnose and treat cancer.

Download or read book MicroRNAs in Cancer Translational Research written by William C.S. Cho and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-25 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) is a cutting-edge topic in the scientific and medical fields. This is a timely and specialized book focusing on the current understanding of miRNAs and the potential for their application in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets. It also provides discussion of the lessons learned from translational miRNA studies and exploration of the next steps required to advance this field. The unique book comprises 22 in-depth chapters by gathering unparalleled topics of interest in miRNAs by international team of world-renowned experts in the field. The first fifteen chapters provide comprehensive and expert perspectives on the most common cancers from bench to bedside applications, there is no current book structured in this cancer-oriented way. The next seven chapters providing thorough overviews of miRNAs and cancer stem cells; miRNAs in cancer invasion and metastasis; miRNAs in predicting radiotherapy and chemotherapy response; as well as expounding the role of miRNA in anti-cancer drug resistance and as blood-based cancer biomarkers. Furthermore, this book explicates the interplay of miRNAs in cancer metabolism and an update on the pioneering RNAi-based treatment approaches is also presented. This specialized book will contribute great to the scientific and medical community by providing the up-to-date discoveries of miRNAs and their important roles in cancer translational research.

Download or read book Identification of Putative Metastasis Suppressor MicroRNA in Human Breast Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metastases are responsible for>90% of human cancer deaths; yet, our knowledge regarding the molecular regulation of metastasis remains fragmentary. MicroRNAs are short RNAs that suppress their targets post-transcriptionally, leading to modulation of diverse biological processes. MicroRNAs are well suited to regulate metastasis due to their capacity to concomitantly inhibit numerous target genes. We have identified a microRNA, miR-31, whose levels correlated inversely with metastatic recurrence in human breast cancer patients. Expression of miR-31 in otherwise-aggressive breast tumor cells impeded metastasis. We deployed a novel microRNA sponge strategy to stably inhibit miR-31; this allowed otherwise-non-aggressive breast cancer cells to metastasize. These phenotypes were achieved via pleiotropic modulation of a cohort of clinically relevant metastasis-promoting genes, which were over represented among the>200 mRNAs predicted to be direct targets of miR-31. In fact, we discovered that miR-31-evoked concurrent regulation of three such effectors - integrin alpha5, radixin, and RhoA - was sufficient to explain this microRNA's impacts on metastasis. Together, these findings provide insights into metastasis that may prove useful in the diagnosis and/or treatment of breast cancer.

Download or read book MicroRNA in Human Malignancies written by Massimo Negrini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-02-18 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA in Human Malignancies offers a deep overview of the role and translational significance of miRNAs in the development of cancer and other malignancies. The book establishes the foundations of the field by covering essential mechanisms and the translational potential of miRNAs in the field of oncology. Specific topics covered include invasion and metastasis, miRNAs and metabolism, and opportunities of miRNAs in therapeutics. Chapters on diseases include content on disease-related pathophysiology, as well as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value. This book is an essential reference for students entering the field, as well as researchers and investigators. Provides fundamental and translational chapters that facilitate the acquisition of knowledge needed to design and perform innovative miRNA-related research studies Synthesizes current research, with a critical review on the field Offers in-depth research by leading experts in the field

Download or read book MiRNAs in Differentiation and Development written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-07-17 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MiRNAs in Differentiation and Development, Volume 333, the latest in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series, reviews and details current advances in cell and molecular biology. Topics in this updated volume include chapters on the Regulation of the DNA damage response by miRNAs, miRNAs and the p53 network, the Impact of miRNAs in the cellular response to hypoxia, miRNAs in oncogenesis and tumor suppression, and the Role of miRNAs in metastatic dissemination. The IRCMB series has a worldwide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing articles on timely topics that are authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists. The articles published in IRCMB have a high impact and an average cited half-life of nine years. This great resource ranks high amongst scientific journals dealing with cell biology. Publishes only invited review articles on selected topics Authored by established and active cell and molecular biologists drawn from international sources Offers a wide range of perspectives on specific subjects

Download or read book Systems Biology of MicroRNAs in Cancer written by Ulf Schmitz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-09 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an update on the latest development in the field of microRNAs in cancer research with an emphasis on translational research. Since the early 2000s, microRNAs have been recognized as important and ubiquitous regulators of gene expression. Soon it became evident that their deregulation can cause human diseases including cancer. This book focuses on the emerging opportunities for the application of microRNA research in clinical practice. In this context, computer models are presented that can help to identify novel biomarkers, e.g. in circulating microRNAs, and tools that can help to design microRNA-based therapeutic interventions. Other chapters evaluate the role of microRNAs in immunotherapy, immune responses and drug resistance. Covering key topics on microRNAs in cancer research this book is a valuable resource for both emerging and established microRNA researchers who want to explore the potential of microRNAs as therapeutic targets or co-adjuvants in cancer therapies.

Download or read book Roles of the MicroRNA MiR 31 in Tumor Metastasis and an Experimental System for the Unbiased Discovery of Genes Relevant for Breast Cancer Metastasis written by Scott John Valastyan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In these studies, the microRNA miR-31 was identified as a potent inhibitor of breast cancer metastasis. miR-31 expression levels were inversely associated with the propensity to develop metastatic disease in human breast cancer patients. Additionally, various functional analysis revealed that miR-31 expression was both necessary and sufficient to impede breast cancer metastasis. These effects did not involve confounding influences on primary tumor development; instead, miR-31 exerted its anti-metastatic activities by impinging upon at least three distinct steps of the invasion-metastasis cascade: local invasion, one or more early post intravasation events, and metastatic colonization. At a mechanistic level, miR-31 impaired metastasis via the pleiotropic suppression of a cohort of target genes that otherwise operate to promote metastasis, including integrin a5, radixin, and RhoA. Significantly, the concomitant re-expression of integrin a5, radixin, and RhoA sufficed to override the full spectrum of miR-31'7s anti-metastatic activities. Moreover, the concurrent short hairpin RNA-conferred knockdown of endogenous integrin a5, radixin, and RhoA levels closely phenocopied the known consequences of ectopic miR-31 expression on metastasis. Integrin a5, radixin, and RhoA were found to act during at least partially unique steps of the invasion-metastasis cascade downstream of miR-31. Notably, the temporally controlled re-activation of miR-31 in already-established metastases elicited metastatic regression. These anti-metastatic therapeutic responses were attributable to the capacity of acutely re-expressed miR-31 to induce both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; such effects arose specifically within the context of the foreign microenvironment present at a metastatic locus. When taken together, these findings provide mechanistic insights concerning the regulation of breast cancer metastasis and suggest that miR-31 may represent a clinically useful prognostic biomarker and/or therapeutic target in certain aggressive human carcinomas. In addition, a novel experimental system for the unbiased identification of metastasisrelevant genes was described. The utility of this system was demonstrated in an initial proof-of-concept screen, which implicated RhoJ as a previously unappreciated modulator of cell motility. Collectively, these observations imply that the single-cell clone-based screening methodology outlined herein may represent a generally useful means by which to enumerate novel regulators of various metastasis-relevant processes.

Download or read book MicroRNAs Key Regulators of Oncogenesis written by Sadegh Babashah and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aberrant expression and function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer have added a new layer of complexity to the understanding of development and progression of the disease state. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs have a crucial function in oncogenesis by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The expression signatures of miRNAs provide exciting opportunities in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of cancer. Since miRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in oncogenesis, the potential of using these small RNAs as therapeutic targets opens up new opportunities for cancer therapy by either inhibiting or augmenting their activity.

Download or read book miRNA and Cancer written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: miRNA and Cancer, Volume 135, the latest volume in the Advances in Cancer Research series, provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. This volume presents original reviews on research bridging oncology and gene expression, and includes specific chapters on Non-coding RNAs as Biomarkers of Cancer, The Enigma of microRNA Regulation in Cancer, Animal Models to Study microRNA functions, Non-coding RNAs and Cancer, microRNAs in Cancer Susceptibility, ts-RNAs versus microRNAs, microRNAs and AML, and microRNAs and Epigenetics. Provides information on cancer research Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of cancer research topics Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike

Download or read book MicroRNA in Cancer written by Suresh Alahari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of microRNA biology is really emerging in the last couple of years. Several investigators highlighted the importance of miRNAs in cancer. Although there is so much literature on microRNAs exist, a comprehensive book is still not available. Thus this book will be a great use to the scientists in the field of cancer biology. In addition, this book will be a good source of information for undergraduate, graduate students who want to develop their research careers in cancer biology.

Download or read book MicroRNA Profiling in Cancer written by Yuriy Gusev and published by Pan Stanford Publishing. This book was released on 2009-10-31 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents current advances in the emerging interdisciplinary field of microRNA research of human cancers from a unique perspective of quantitative sciences: bioinformatics, computational and systems biology, and mathematical modeling. This volume contains adaptations and critical reviews of recent state-of-the-art studies, ranging from technological advances in microRNA detection and profiling, clinically oriented microRNA profiling in several human cancers, to a systems biology analysis of global patterns of microRNA regulation of signaling and metabolic pathways. Interactions with transcription factor regulatory networks and mathematical modeling of microRNA regulation are also discussed.

Download or read book MicroRNA in Development and in the Progression of Cancer written by Shree Ram Singh and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: miRNAs are a class of endogenous, small non-protein coding RNA molecules (~ 22 nucleotides) which are novel post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Since we have hundreds of miRNAs, the major challenge is now to understand their specific biological function. In fact the experimental evidence suggests that signaling pathways could be ideal candidates for miRNA-mediated regulation. Several studies suggest that miRNAs affect the responsiveness of cells to signaling molecules such as WNT, Notch, TGF-β and EGFR. Altered expression of particular miRNAs has been implicated in the onset and development of cancer and could be used as potential biomarkers for the disease. Recently, many studies have found miRNAs have crucial regulatory roles in Cancer stem cells (CSCs) a kind of tumor initiating cells (TICs) and dormancy. Findings also suggest that DNA methylation may be important in regulating the expression of many miRNAs in several cancer initiating cells. Several miRNAs are known to either upregulated or downregulated in CSCs when compared to non-cancerous cells from the same tissues. CSCs are a small subpopulation of cells identified in a variety of tumors and involve in self-renewal, differentiation, chemoresistance and tumorigenesis. The volume will give a comprehensive account of important advancements in the area of miRNAs and cancer.

Download or read book The Role of MicroRNAs in Cyclooxygenase 2 Mediated Breast Cancer Progression written by Leanna R. Dunn and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We had shown that overexpression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in human, as well as murine breast cancer cells promotes tumor progression and metastasis by multiple mechanisms: host immune cell inactivation and stimulation of cancer cell migration, invasion, tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which support blood- borne and lymph-borne metastasis. Most of these events resulted from the activation of the prostanoid receptor EP4 by endogenous PGE2. Recently, by stable transfection of COX-2 cDNA into a non-metastatic COX-2 negative human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, we showed that COX-2 induces all the phenotypic properties of stem-like or tumor initiating cells (TICs) in MCF-7-COX-2 cells, as defined by in vitro studies and validated in vivo. Through combined gene expression and microRNA (miRNA) micro array analysis, we identified two miRNAs (miR-526b and miR-655) that are up-regulated in MCF-7-COX-2 cells that are associated with a down-regulation of 14 target genes linked with tumor-suppressor functions. We hypothesize that these miRNAs are important for COX-2 mediated TIC associated functions in human breast cancer. As a first step, we validated their expression in several COX-2 disparate human breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7, MCF-7-COX-2, SKBR-3 (HER-2 over-expressing but COX-2 negative) and SKBR-3-COX-2. The expression levels of miR-655 were strongly correlated with COX-2 mRNA expression in these cell lines. Furthermore, the migratory and invasive capacities of the cell lines went hand in hand with miR-655 expression. Expression of miR-655 was markedly inhibited by treating MCF-7-COX-2 cells with a COX-2 inhibitor (NS398) or an EP4 antagonist (ONO-AE3-208), indicating that the expression depended on both COX-2 and EP4 activity. derived from tumorspheres exhibited a dramatic increase in COX-2 expression in comparison to the cells grown as monolayer. We also found that the tumorspheres derived from MCF-7, MCF-7-COX-2 and SKBR-3 overexpressed miR-655. These findings, taken together, fortify the notion that COX-2, EP4 and COX-2 induced miR- 655 expression play important roles in promoting and maintaining the TIC phenotype in breast cancer cells.

Download or read book A Concise Review of Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer written by Mehmet Gunduz and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-03-25 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in most countries and its consequences result in huge economic, social and psychological burden. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer type and the leading cause of cancer death among females. In this book, we discussed gene expression and DNA abnormalities including methylation in breast cancer. A recent important topic, roles of miRNAs and their potential use in cancer therapy have been discussed in this cancer type as well. Bioinformatics is very important part of recent human genome developments and data mining and thus this topic has also been added for the readers. It is hoped that this book will contribute to development of novel diagnostic as well as therapeutic approaches, which lead to cure of breast cancer.

Download or read book MicroRNA Cancer Regulation written by Ulf Schmitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-03 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited reflects the current state of knowledge about the role of microRNAs in the formation and progression of solid tumours. The main focus lies on computational methods and applications, together with cutting edge experimental techniques that are used to approach all aspects of microRNA regulation in cancer. We are sure that the emergence of high-throughput quantitative techniques will make this integrative approach absolutely necessary in the near future. This book will be a resource for researchers starting out with cancer microRNA research, but is also intended for the experienced researcher who wants to incorporate concepts and tools from systems biology and bioinformatics into his work. Bioinformaticians and modellers are provided with a general perspective on microRNA biology in cancer, and the state-of-the-art in computational microRNA biology.