Download or read book Miniature Refrigerators for Cryogenic Sensors and Cold Electronics written by Graham Walker and published by Oxford [England] : Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ideal reference for those involved in cryogenic engineering, as well as those who need to gain a basic understanding of the issues and opportunities in the field, this volume provides a unique introduction to 'cold electronics.' The only available guide to this highly specialized area, the book includes information on military uses, as well as civilian applications in fire detection, medical screenings for cancer, and energy conservation. This concise yet highly informative volume provides complete coverage of an electronics system that many believe will presage a profound technical revolution.
Download or read book Low capacity Cryogenic Refrigeration written by Graham Walker and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s, Graham Walker wrote his classic two-volume monograph Cryocoolers. Records show that sections of this work have been referenced more often and by more authors than any other cryogenic paper published in the mid-1980s. Nevertheless, the significant time lapse in so dynamica field and Walker and Bingham's experience of teaching short courses has revealed the need for a more up-to-date book - one that is more compact, lower in cost, and embraces more topics. Low-capacity Cryogenic Refrigeration provides an elementary yet comprehensive introduction to the subject, with diverse applications in scientific, medical, educational, military, and civil systems. It is complementary to the earlier two-volume work, but covers a wider field and has a wealth ofinformation about the new developments in the last fifteen years. In addition to descriptions of all the principal methods to achieve low-capacity cryogenic refrigeration, this new volume contains a valuable guide to the literature sources and references more advanced works.
Download or read book Refrigerators for Cryogenic Sensors and Cold Electronics written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Refrigeration for Cryogenic Sensors and Electronic Systems written by James Edward Zimmerman and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Refrigerators for Cryogenic Sensors and Cold Electronics written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Miniature Joule Thomson Cryocooling written by Ben-Zion Maytal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first in English being entirely dedicated to Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling. The category of Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocoolers takes us back to the roots of cryogenics, in 1895, with figures like Linde and Hampson. The "cold finger" of these cryocoolers is compact, lacks moving parts, and sustains a large heat flux extraction at a steady temperature. Potentially, they cool down unbeatably fast. For example, cooling to below 100 K (minus 173 Celsius) might be accomplished within only a few seconds by liquefying argon. A level of about 120 K can be reached almost instantly with krypton. Indeed, the species of coolant plays a central role dictating the size, the intensity and the level of cryocooling. It is the JT effect that drives these cryocoolers and reflects the deviation of the "real" gas from the ideal gas properties. The nine chapters of the book are arranged in five parts. •The Common Principle of Cyrocoolers shared across the broad variety of cryocooler types •Theoretical Aspects: the JT effect and its inversion, cooling potential of coolants, the liquefaction process, sizing of heat exchangers, level of pressurization, discharge of pressure vessels • Practical Aspects: modes of operation (fast cooldown, continuous, multi-staging, hybrid cryocoolers), pressure sources, configuration, construction and technologies, flow adjustment, MEMS, open and closed cycle, cooldown process and similarity, transient behavior • Mixed Coolant cryocooling: theory, practice and applications • Special Topics: real gas choked flow rates, gas purity, clog formation, optimal fixed orifice, modeling, cryosurgical devices, warming by the inverse JT effect The theoretical aspects may be of interest not only to those working with cryocoolers but also for others with a general interest in "real" gas thermodynamics, such as, for example, the inversion of the JT effect in its differential and integral forms, and the exceptional behavior of the quantum gases. A detailed list of references for each chapter comprises a broad literature survey. It consists of more than 1,200 relevant publications and 450 related patents. The systematically organized content, arranged under a thorough hierarchy of headings, supported by 227 figures and 41 tables, and accompanied by various chronological notes of evolution, enables readers a friendly interaction with the book. Dr. Ben-Zion Maytal is a Senior Researcher at Rafael-Advanced Defense Systems, Ltd., and an Adjunct Senior Teaching Fellow at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Prof. John M. Pfotenhauer holds a joint appointment in the Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Physics at the University of Wisconsin - Madison.
Download or read book Cryocoolers 13 written by Ronald G. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-15 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. New this year are papers de scribing the development of very large pulse tube cryocoolers to provide up to 1500 watts of cooling for industrial applications such as cooling the superconducting magnets of Mag-lev trains, coolmg superconducting cables for the power mdustry, and liquefymg natural gas. Pulse tube coolers can be driven by several competing compressor technologies. One class of pulse tube coolers is referred to as "Stirling type" because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide coolmg m the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate ^t frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. A second type of pulse tube cooler is the so-called "Gifford-McMahon type. " Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation (~1 Hz) to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. The third type of pulse tube cooler is driven by a thermoacoustic oscillator, a heat engine that functions well in remote environments where electricity is not readily available. All three types are described, and in total, nearly half of this proceedings covers new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tube and Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials.
Download or read book Refrigerators for Cryogenic Sensors and Cold Electronics written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Cryogenic Engineering written by Peter Kittel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 2020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Albuquerque Convention Center was the venue for the 1993 Cryogenic Engineering Conference. The meeting was held jointly with the International Cryogenic Materials Conference. Walter F. Stewart, of Los Alamos National Laboratory, was conference chairman. Albuquerque is near Los Alamos National Laboratory which has been a significant contributor to the cryogenics community since the early days of the Manhattan Project. Albuquerque is also the home of the Air Force's Phillips Laboratory which has a lead role in developing cryocoolers. The program consisted of 322 CEC papers, more than a 30% increase from CEC-91 and 20% more than CEC-89. This was the largest number of papers ever submitted to the CEC. Of these, 249 papers are published here, in Volume 39 of Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Once again the volume is published in two books. This volume includes a cumulative index for the CEC volumes from 1975-1993 (volumes 21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35,37, and 39 of Advances in Cryogenic Engineering). The first 20 volumes are indexed in Volume 20. A companion cumulative index for the ICMC volumes (volumes 22 through 40) appears in Volume 40. This is my first volume as editor. I would not have been able to have done it without the assistance of the many reviewers. Especially appreciated was the instruction manual left me by the previous editor, Ron Fast.
Download or read book Cryogenic Engineering written by Klaus D. Timmerhaus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-12 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a benchmark reference work on Cryogenic Engineering which chronicles the major developments in the field. Starting with an historical background, this book reviews the development of data resources now available for cryogenic fields and properties of materials. It presents the latest changes in cryopreservation and the advances over the past 50 years. The book also highlights an exceptional reference listing to provide referral to more details.
Download or read book Cryocoolers 10 written by Ronald G. Jr. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryocoolers 10 is the premier archival publication of the latest advances and performance of small cryogenic refrigerators designed to provide localized cooling for military, space, semi-conductor, medical, computing, and high-temperature superconductor cryogenic applications in the 2-200 K temperature range. Composed of papers written by leading engineers and scientists in the field, Cryocoolers 10 reports the most recent advances in cryocooler development, contains extensive performance test results and comparisons, and relates the latest experience in integrating cryocoolers into advanced applications.
Download or read book Refrigeration for Cryogenic Sensors written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on Low Temperature Electronic Device Operation written by Daniel Foty and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Refrigeration for Cryogenic Sensors and Electronic Systems written by James Edward Zimmerman and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Cryogenic Engineering written by R.W. Fast and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 1991 Cryogenic Engineering Conference held in Huntsville, Alabama, June 11-14, 1991.
Download or read book Cryocoolers 12 written by Ronald G. Jr. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 799 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. One class of pulse tubes that has reached maturity is referred to as “Stirling type” because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide cooling in the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate at frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. The other type of pulse tube cooler making great advances is the so-called “Gifford-McMahon type. ” Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. Nearly a third of this proceedings covers these new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tubes is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials and Gifford-McMahon coolers. These technologies continue to make great progress in opening up the 2 - 4 K market. Also in the commercial sector, continued interest is being shown in the development of long-life, low-cost cryocoolers for the emerging high temperature superconductor electronics market, particularly the cellular telephone base-station market. At higher temperature levels, closed-cycle J-T or throttle-cycle refrigerators are taking advantage of mixed refrigerant gases to achieve low-cost cryocooler systems in the 65 to 80 K temperature range.
Download or read book Cryogenics and Measurement of Properties of Solids at Low Temperatures written by R. Srinivasan and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2008-04-05 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low temperature research has become fairly widespread in the country after the availability of closed cycle refrigerators. It is opportune to write a book for students and researchers in India on production of low temperatures and techniques for the measurement of physical properties of materials at such temperatures. This book is an effort in this direction. The first part of the book discusses methods for producing temperatures down to 1.8 K. There is a fairly extensive discussion on different types of closed cycle refrigerators. The behaviour of properties of materials relevant in Cryogenics is dealt with in some detail. Useful tips on construction of cryostats are given. Thermometry is discussed extensively. The second part of the book deals with digital measuring techniques. Details of experimental methods for measuring thermal and electrical properties, point contact tunneling, scanning probe microscopy, and noise at low temperatures are discussed. This part of the book is born out of the rich personal experience in such measurements of one of the authors (AKR). There is an appendix on vacuum techniques. The book can be used for teaching an elective course in Low Temperature Physics at the M.Sc. level. It will be useful for researchers in Low Temperature Physics.