Download or read book Mid IR Laser Absorption Diagnostics for Hydrocarbon Vapor Sensing in Harsh Environments written by Adam Edgar Klingbeil and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The temperature-dependent spectroscopy of gasoline is examined to develop a sensor for fuel/air ratio in an internal combustion engine. A wavelength was selected for good sensitivity to gasoline concentration. A spectroscopic model is developed that uses the relative concentrations of five structural classes to predict the absorption spectrum of gasoline samples with varying composition. The model is tested on 21 samples of gasoline for temperatures ranging from 300 to 1200 K, showing good agreement between model and measurements over the entire temperature range.

Download or read book Laser Sensing Strategies in Shock heated Gases for Near IR Potassium Line Shapes and Mid IR Absorption Spectra of Hydrocarbons and Oxygenates written by Yiming Ding and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Absorption spectroscopy is an important branch of spectroscopy that quantitatively measures the level of attenuation on electromagnetic radiation by a test sample. It offers the promise of in-situ, non-intrusive, fast, and sensitive diagnostics for application to transient harsh environments, such as exoplanets, flames, combustion systems, and hypersonic flows. In the endeavor to expand upon existing spectroscopic knowledge of infrared absorption and offer optical sensing solutions to the practical challenges in these complex environments, better experimental strategies of measurement and calibration for the associated high-temperature gas-phase atoms and molecules are warranted. This dissertation describes the development of two experimental approaches for the studies of potassium line shapes and broadband molecular absorption using state-of-the-art lasers at previously unexplored temperature conditions that are made possible by a shock tube. I first present a new approach to seed and produce alkali metal vapor in a shock tube and the resulting measurements of the high-temperature potassium vapor in a controlled laboratory environment. To overcome the experimental challenges associated with the extreme reactivity of potassium, the new method employs shock waves to break apart potassium chloride (KCl) salt precursors and produce atomic potassium in the shock-heated buffer gas. This potassium seeding approach was demonstrated to be effective between 1100 -- 1900 K and is readily deployable for other absorbing species of alkali metals. To overcome the hurdle of the relatively short test time of a shock tube, high-speed tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) was deployed. The lasers interrogated the potassium D1 and D2 transitions near 0.77 μm and yielded well-resolved absorption line shapes every 40 μs. The measured spectra were modeled as Voigt profiles. Line shape parameters are presented with temperature-dependent power-law relations for the potassium resonance doublets with argon, nitrogen, helium, and hydrogen as the collisional partners. Secondly, a novel methodology is presented of rapid-tuning broad-scan laser absorption spectroscopy that measures broadband mid-infrared absorption cross sections of gaseous molecules at elevated temperatures. The new method deploys rapid-tuning, broad-scan external-cavity quantum-cascade lasers (EC-QCLs) in a shock tube and can provide quantitative absorption information at a rate over 30,000 cm-1/s at spectral intervals between 0.35 -- 0.6 cm-1. Within the shock tube test time of a few milliseconds, the lasers can sweep across over 100 cm-1 to cover the entire branches, or even entire bands, of the absorption spectra for these species. In total, this method was used to measure the cross section profiles of ethylene, propene, 1-butene, i-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, 1,3-butadiene, methanol, ethanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone. The measurements focus on their strongest mid-infrared absorption bands between 5.4 -- 6.1 μm and 8.4 -- 11.7 μm for various temperatures and pressures up to 1600 K and 5 atm, respectively. The resulting spectra are distributed in a plain text format and archived as the Stanford ShockGas-IR database through a permanent URL https://purl.stanford.edu/cy149sv5686.

Download or read book Extended NIR Laser Diagnostics for Gas Sensing Applications written by Aamir Farooq and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of diagnostics based on laser-absorption spectroscopy for combustion applications has been an important and active field of research over the past two decades due to the advantages of this non-intrusive optical sensing technique compared to traditional sampling-based sensing methods. Tunable diode laser (TDL) sensors, in particular, have shown the ability to provide in situ, time-resolved, line-of-sight measurements of temperature, gas species concentration, velocity, density, mass flux, and pressure in a variety of combustion environments. This thesis explores three new areas of TDL research: (a) extended near-infrared (NIR) diagnostics, (b) sensing under high-pressures, and (c) applications to chemical kinetics. Water vapor (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are attractive sensing targets for hydrocarbon-fueled systems as they are primary combustion products and their concentrations can be interpretrated to indicate combustion progress and efficiency. Both these gases have absorption spectra in the infrared (IR) region. Most previous TDL absorption sensors were designed to exploit robust telecommunications diode lasers and optical fiber technology in the 1.3-1.6 [mu]m (NIR) wavelength region. Recent developments in semiconductor diode-laser technology have extended the range of continuous wave (CW) room-temperature single-mode diode lasers to 2.9 [mu]m, allowing access to stronger vibrational bands of H2O and CO2 in the extended-NIR region. The first combustion diagnostics in the extended-NIR wavelength were demonstrated as part of this thesis work. The sensors were designed by selecting optimal transitions and then measuring the pertinent spectroscopic parameters in controlled laboratory environements. These sensors were then tested in the combustion environments of a flat flame and shock tube to validate their performance. These new sensors provide enhanced sensitivity and improved accuracy compared to previous TDL diagnostics. As part of this work, a novel diagnostic based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) of CO2 was developed to make precise measurements of temperature behind reflected shock waves. This temperature diagnostic achieved an unprecedented uncertainty of

Download or read book Development of Laser Absorption Sensors for Combustion Gases written by Xing Chao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ sensors based on laser absorption spectroscopy are developed to monitor key species in combustion exhaust gases. Direct absorption (DA) and wavelength-modulation-spectroscopy (WMS) strategies are investigated for extended near-infrared and mid-infrared laser devices to detect target species in harsh environments at combustion exhaust temperatures in the presence of high moisture level and heavy particulate loading. A real time, in situ sensor for carbon monoxide (CO) was developed using DFB diode lasers near 2.3 æm, with selected transitions (R(10) near 4297.7 cm-1, R(11) near 4300.7 cm-1) in the first overtone band of CO. The sensor was studied in the controlled laboratory environments of a heated cell and a combustion exhaust rig. High temperature water vapor absorption spectra were first measured, and shown to produce

Download or read book Laser based Diagnostics for Hydrocarbon Fuels in the Liquid and Vapor Phases written by Jason Morgan Porter and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-absorption measurements of fuel concentration are widely used in engine development and for studying the combustion chemistry of hydrocarbon fuels. Direct injection of liquid fuel is common in many combustion technologies (e.g. internal combustion engines and gas turbine engines), however, these multiphase (gas and liquid) environments present significant challenges to laser-absorption measurements. These challenges include optical scattering from liquid fuel droplets and strong optical absorption from liquid fuel films. This thesis describes the development of two novel multi-phase diagnostics. Developing these diagnostics required quantitative measurements of the previously unknown refractive index spectra of several liquid hydrocarbons (n-decane, n-dodecane, and several gasoline samples). These measurements are presented, revealing important characteristics of liquid fuels. The first diagnostic developed uses three laser wavelengths for measuring fuel-vapor mole fraction and temperature in evaporating aerosols. Demonstration measurements were made over a large range of temperatures and fuel loadings in an aerosol shock tube, providing the first known laser-absorption measurements of vapor concentration and temperature in an evaporating fuel spray. The second diagnostic uses two laser wavelengths for measurements of fuel-vapor mole fraction and liquid fuel film thickness. The first known laser-absorption measurements of fuel vapor and liquid film thickness were demonstrated in the laboratory. These diagnostic techniques have been incorporated into a commercial sensor for engine development.

Download or read book Mid infrared Laser Diagnostics for Chemical Kinetics Study of Oxygenates written by Wei Ren and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels are classified as renewable because the carbon present in the vegetable oil or animal fat feedstocks originates from carbon dioxide already present in the atmosphere. One of the current focuses on biofuel-based combustion research is the design of advanced energy conversion devices using complex reaction mechanisms. The development of these mechanisms requires a large experimental database to ensure accuracy of computational predictions. Infrared laser-absorption diagnostics are widely used in combustion research for fast, sensitive, and non-intrusive measurements of species concentration, temperature, and pressure. This thesis explores three new areas of laser diagnostic research: (a) mid-infrared diagnostics, (b) sensing in multiphase flows, and (c) applications to shock tube chemical kinetics. A novel distributed-feedback quantum-cascade laser (DFB-QCL) near 4.7 um was investigated to develop a new mid-infrared absorption sensor for in situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and temperature in combustion gases. The laser provides convenient access to the stronger vibrational bands of CO than was possible previously, enabling ppm-level detectivity with an optical path length of 10 cm at high temperatures between 1000-2000 K. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy with 1f-normalized 2f detection (WMS-2f/1f) of CO2 was developed for accurate temperature sensing in multiphase combustion flows. In this method, two tunable diode lasers with wavelengths near 2.7 um were used to measure time-varying gas temperature during the evaporation of shock-heated fuel aerosols. These recently developed mid-IR laser absorption diagnostics were then applied in studying the thermal decomposition of oxygenates (biofuel surrogates) by measuring species concentration time-histories behind reflected shock waves. In a particular study of methyl formate (the simplest biodiesel surrogate), the reaction rate constants of methyl formate unimolecular decomposition were measured using the mid-IR CO absorption behind reflected shock waves. Detailed comparisons of the measured methanol and CO time-histories with the model predictions were made. Sensitivity and reaction pathway analyses for these oxygenated fuel components were performed, leading to rate recommendations with improved model performance.

Download or read book Laser based Diagnostics for Transient Species in Hydrocarbon Flames written by Richard Copeland and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection of chemically important transient species is crucial to understanding the mechanism of hydrocarbon combustion. Though they often occur in low concentrations, these species determine the pathways and rates of many reaction steps. In this report we describe our efforts to develop and quantify diagnostic methods to measure these species in flames. We will describe methods to detect CH, CH3, C2H2, CH2, and HO2; the first four species have successfully been observed in flames during this project. The detection techniques we use are laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and absorption techniques including photoacoustic detection spectroscopy (PAD). The polyatomic molecules mentioned above are much more difficult to detect than the diatomic molecules CH and OH, and we have developed and used new variations on the basic techniques to achieve the desired sensitivity. In this research, we improved diagnostic techniques for the radicals mentioned above, detected species not previously observed in the flame environment, and increased our knowledge of the important species in hydrocarbon combustion.

Download or read book Laser based Diagnostics for Transient Species in Hydrocarbon Flames written by Richard Copeland and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection of chemically important transient species is crucial to understanding the mechanism of hydrocarbon combustion. Though they often occur in low concentrations, these species determine the pathways and rates of many reaction steps. In this report we describe our efforts to develop and quantify diagnostic methods to measure these species in flames. We will describe methods to detect CH, CH3, C2H2, CH2, and HO2; the first four species have successfully been observed in flames during this project. The detection techniques we use are laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and absorption techniques including photoacoustic detection spectroscopy (PAD). The polyatomic molecules mentioned above are much more difficult to detect than the diatomic molecules CH and OH, and we have developed and used new variations on the basic techniques to achieve the desired sensitivity. In this research, we improved diagnostic techniques for the radicals mentioned above, detected species not previously observed in the flame environment, and increased our knowledge of the important species in hydrocarbon combustion.

Download or read book Novel Diode Laser Absorption Techniques for Combustion Diagnostics written by Gordon S. Humphries and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-situ optical techniques offer one of the most attractive options for measuring species concentration and spatial distribution profiles in reacting environments, such as flames. The generally non-intrusive nature and spatial resolution of these techniques are now preferred over on extractive sampling, followed by analysis using techniques such as gas chromatography. In this thesis two laser absorption measurement techniques are applied to measure the soot distribution, and acetylene concentration profiles in a flat-flame burner. The in-situ measurement of the distribution of particulate matter in flames is a key step in understanding the mechanism of its formation. Most in-situ measurement systems for this purpose are based on laser induced incandescence where particles are heated using high power laser sources and the increased incandescence emission of the soot particles is detected. However as the soot cools by heat transfer to the surrounding gas, following laser heating, the pressure of the gas is increased creating an acoustic effect. Photoacoustic detection has been applied to quantify low concentrations of particulate matter in ambient air but there have been few applications of photoacoustic detection to the in-situ measurement of particulate matter formation in combustion processes. A novel simple approach using a modulated continuous wave diode laser is presented in this thesis. The measurements taken using this new technique are compared to measurements of the visible emission from the flame, and previous soot distribution measurements using laser induced incandescence. Absorption spectroscopy using near-infrared tunable diode lasers has been applied to measure species in several harsh environments such as aero-engine exhaust plumes, flames, and other industrial processes. Simple single pass absorption techniques are not always suitable for this purpose due to the low absorption of the target species, either due to low concentration or weak absorption line-strength at high temperatures. One method to increase the sensitivity of such techniques is by using cavity enhanced methods which increase the effective path length of the laser through the absorbing medium. One such cavity enhanced method is Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS). CRDS uses a cavity constructed of highly reflecting mirrors, laser light is then coupled into this cavity and absorption measurements can be evaluated from the decay rate of light from the cavity. The design and, novel application of continuous wave CRDS to measure the concentration profile of acetylene in the flat-flame burner is presented. Difficulties in deriving an absolute acetylene concentration from the measured ringdown times were encountered due to the large number of interfering features. Serveral fitting and extraction techniques are applied and compared to attempt to overcome these difficulties.

Download or read book Laser Diagnostics for Reacting Flows written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced optical diagnostic techniques relevant to propulsion were investigated. The techniques studied were based on laser spectroscopy, with emphasis on spectrally-resolved absorption and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Laser sources included tunable cw near-infrared diode lasers and tunable (or fixed-wavelength) pulsed lasers operated at ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) wavelengths. The cw lasers were spectrally narrow, allowing study of innovative diagnostics based on spectral lineshapes, while the pulsed lasers provided intense bursts of photons needed for techniques based on LIF. Accomplishments of note included: (1) development of a new imaging diagnostic based on infrared planar laser-induced fluorescence (IR PLIF), (2) investigations of quantitative ultraviolet (UV) PLIF of NO and CO2 in high-pressure combustion environments, (3) the development of a new temperature diagnostic using UV absorption of CO2 for high-temperature combustion environments, (4) development of advanced wavelength-multiplexed diode laser absorption sensing of non-uniform temperature distributions, gas temperature in scramjet flows, and tunable mid-IR-based fuel sensing, and (5) further development of quantitative tracers to image fuel distribution using ketones and the aromatic toluene. The full spectrum of results was published in thirty-eight papers in the AIAA and peer reviewed literature, seven PhD theses, and forty-three presentations and invited lectures.

Download or read book State of the art Laser Gas Sensing Technologies written by Yufei Ma and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace gas sensing technologies are widely used in many applications, such as environmental monitoring, life science, medical diagnostics, and planetary exploration. On the one hand, laser sources have developed greatly due to the rapid development of laser media and laser techniques in recent years. Some novel lasers such as solid-state, diode, and quantum cascade lasers have experienced significant progress. At present, laser wavelengths can cover the range from ultraviolet to terahertz, which could promote the development of laser gas sensing technologies significantly. On the other hand, some new gas sensing methods have appeared, such as photothermal spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques have the advantages of high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and allowing in situ, real-time observation. Due to the rapid and recent developments in laser source as well as the great merits of laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques, this book aims to provide an updated overview of the state-of-the-art laser gas sensing technologies.

Download or read book Laser Diagnostics of C2H4 and CH4 from N butane Pyrolysis written by Liu Su and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion of fossil fuels remains the dominant source of energy which enables us sustain thrive in this planet. Meanwhile, the negative effects of burning fossil fuels, however, are devastating our climate and environment. Eliminating those negative effects while attaining energy supply from fossil fuels becomes urgent and prominent. It is, nevertheless, impossible without a thorough understanding of the combustion process. Experimental approach remains one of the dominating approaches to study combustion despite the growing interest in numerical approach. The development of workstations and massive supercomputers is providing the computation ability that one has never imaged. Nevertheless, it still appears difficult to catch up with the ever-increasing computational power demand, especially in the area of combustion. Not only the intermediate species need to be studied experimentally, but also the reactions need to be verified using experimental approach. Due to the nature of laser and Laser diagnostics, which conducts the diagnosis by measuring the responses of laser illumination, it is incredibly suitable for combustion research. Moreover, laser based diagnostics techniques provide the capabilities of remote, non-intrusive, in situ measurements with spatial and temporal accuracy that has never been achieved. In current study, two laser based diagnostics techniques are explored: Coherent microwave scattering from resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (Radar REMPI) and Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). Combustion of heavy hydrocarbons is a complex process, which can be roughly divided into two sub-processes: pyrolysis and burning of lighter hydrocarbons. Ethylene and methane are two common products of heavy hydrocarbon pyrolysis, e.g. n-butane. Their detection under harsh environment, i.e. higher temperature and pressure, are explored using Radar REMPI and TDLAS. Radar REMPI is used to detect ethylene under high temperature and pressure. The results obtained justified Radar REMPI as a promising detection technique for ethylene under combustion. On the other hand, TDLAS is used to detect methane in current study. A numerical absorption spectroscopic model is built which predicts methane’s concentration under different pressure and temperature. Methane from n-butane pyrolysis is detected and quantified using TDLAS.

Download or read book Single ended Laser based Diagnostics for Thermometry and Speciation in Detonation driven Combustors written by Wen Yu Peng and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detonation-driven combustors have received considerable research interest over the past several decades due to their theoretical thermodynamic advantages over conventional deflagration-driven combustion devices used in propulsion and power generation systems. The rotating detonation engine (RDE) architecture, in particular, has been identified as a promising path for achieving these thermodynamic advantages in practice due to their simple hardware geometries, lack of moving parts, ability to be continuously fed with propellants, and high operating frequencies. Central to increasing the technological readiness of RDEs is the development of robust, time-resolved sensors for in situ measurements of temperature and combustion products within the detonation chamber to validate computational models and guide practical design efforts. The work presented in this dissertation details the development, validation, and demonstration of a novel laser-absorption spectroscopy (LAS) sensor platform capable of performing time-resolved and simultaneous measurements of temperature, H2O, CO2, and CO concentrations within the annular gap of RDE test articles at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, CA. Despite the highly confined geometries (with path lengths on the order of 1 cm) and intense thermodynamic conditions (temperatures and pressures ranging from 700-2000 K and 2-8 atm, respectively) in the RDE test apparatus, the sensor achieved high-precision measurements of the target quantities through the use of four lasers probing strong mid-infrared absorption transitions near 2482, 2551, 4182, and 4854 nm and the implementation of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy (WMS), a LAS sensing technique capable of correcting for or rejecting many of the signal distortion sources commonly encountered in the harsh RDE detonation environment. The reported measurement rate of 44 kilosamples per second was sufficient to resolve intra-detonation cycle dynamics within the RDE. Additionally, to minimize perturbations to the combustion environment and to limit the hardware modifications needed for optical access into the RDE detonation chamber, the single-ended LAS sensing strategy--where the laser light was delivered into and collected from the detonation chamber through a single optical port--was used.

Download or read book Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species written by Alan C. Eckbreth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the variety of potential laser diagnostic techniques and presents a considerable theoretical foundation elucidating physics relevant to the laser diagnostics. It explains the Raman-based approaches for major species and temperature measurements.

Download or read book Spectroscopy and Optical Diagnostics for Gases written by Ronald K. Hanson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides an introduction to the science that governs the interaction of light and matter (in the gas phase). It provides readers with the basic knowledge to exploit the light-matter interaction to develop quantitative tools for gas analysis (i.e. optical diagnostics) and understand and interpret the results of spectroscopic measurements. The authors pair the basics of gas‐phase spectroscopy with coverage of key optical diagnostic techniques utilized by practicing engineers and scientists to measure fundamental flow‐field properties. The text is organized to cover three sub‐topics of gas‐phase spectroscopy: (1) spectral line positions, (2) spectral line strengths, and (3) spectral lineshapes by way of absorption, emission, and scattering interactions. The latter part of the book describes optical measurement techniques and equipment. Key subspecialties include laser induced fluorescence, tunable laser absorption spectroscopy, and wavelength modulation spectroscopy. It is ideal for students and practitioners across a range of applied sciences including mechanical, aerospace, chemical, and materials engineering.

Download or read book Near Infrared Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy for Aero Engine Related Applications written by James R. P. Bain and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tunable diode laser spectroscopy is a widely used technique for recovering quantitative gas information in a range of industrial applications. Established methods often use readily available, robust and low cost optoelectronic hardware in the near-infrared, with output wavelengths that coincide with the absorption spectra of several important gas species of interest, providing a versatile platform for gas analysis instrumentation. In this work the challenges associated with the recovery of gas information from harsh detection environments, particularly for aero engine diagnostics, are considered. For stand-alone instrumentation, calibration-free direct absorption measurements are highly advantageous yet calibrated techniques employing wavelength modulation spectroscopy are often favoured due to their significantly higher sensitivities. Recent developments have enabled calibration-free line shape recovery using lock-in amplifier detection of the residual amplitude modulation in wavelength modulated signals. These techniques have significant potential in harsh environments, but the overall sensitivity is limited by distortions to the recovered line shapes at high modulation amplitudes and by large background signals that saturate the detection electronics. In this thesis, solutions to these two problems are proposed, investigated and validated. A correction function is derived that is able to account for line shape distortions at arbitrarily high modulation indices. Application of the function depends upon knowledge of the experimental modulation index and two methods for extracting this information directly from the experimental signals are described. The full correction procedure has been experimentally validated. An investigation was made into the use of autobalanced photoreceivers, typically used for common mode noise cancellation, for direct absorption measurements and in a different configuration for nulling of the residual amplitude modulation (RAM) in wavelength modulation spectroscopy. Initial measurements suggest that removal of the background RAM can increase the lock-in detection sensitivity by over an order of magnitude. In addition an external amplitude modulator has been iv shown to be an effective method for producing sensitive absorption signals that are free of distortions, recoverable at frequencies that are outside the bandwidth of most environmental noise sources. A temperature sensor based on ratio thermometry of ambient water vapour absorption was designed and evaluated. The sensor is intended to provide accurate intake gas temperature information during aero engine ground testing when misting conditions prevent standard thermocouples from providing reliable data. Direct detection and second harmonic wavelength modulation spectroscopy experiments were undertaken in an environmental chamber, over the range 273-313K, to test the potential accuracy of the proposed system. Using a second harmonic peak height method, temperature information based on a calibration was able to recover temperature measurements with precision of ±0.4K however the overall accuracy suffered from a problematic calibration drift. Three engine test campaigns are described in which a range of recovery methods and potential optical system layouts are evaluated for the purposes of intake and exhaust mounted test bed sensor systems. The effects of extreme noise conditions were observed on a variety of measurements and favourable detection and modulation options were identified for the purpose of planning proposed future engine tests. Exhaust plume measurements of high temperature water vapour on the Rolls-Royce Environmentally Friendly Engine demonstrator established the viability of temperature and concentration measurements up to 850K.

Download or read book 31st International Symposium on Shock Waves 1 written by Akihiro Sasoh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 1188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume of a two volume set which presents the results of the 31st International Symposium on Shock Waves (ISSW31), held in Nagoya, Japan in 2017. It was organized with support from the International Shock Wave Institute (ISWI), Shock Wave Research Society of Japan, School of Engineering of Nagoya University, and other societies, organizations, governments and industry. The ISSW31 focused on the following areas: Blast waves, chemical reacting flows, chemical kinetics, detonation and combustion, ignition, facilities, diagnostics, flow visualization, spectroscopy, numerical methods, shock waves in rarefied flows, shock waves in dense gases, shock waves in liquids, shock waves in solids, impact and compaction, supersonic jet, multiphase flow, plasmas, magnetohyrdrodynamics, propulsion, shock waves in internal flows, pseudo-shock wave and shock train, nozzle flow, re-entry gasdynamics, shock waves in space, Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, shock/boundary layer interaction, shock/vortex interaction, shock wave reflection/interaction, shock wave interaction with dusty media, shock wave interaction with granular media, shock wave interaction with porous media, shock wave interaction with obstacles, supersonic and hypersonic flows, sonic boom, shock wave focusing, safety against shock loading, shock waves for material processing, shock-like phenomena, and shock wave education. These proceedings contain the papers presented at the symposium and serve as a reference for the participants of the ISSW 31 and individuals interested in these fields.