Download or read book Microscopic Simulations of Complex Hydrodynamic Phenomena written by Michel Mareschal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute which was held in Alghero, Sardinia, in July 1991. The development of computers in the recent years has lead to the emergence of unconventional ideas aiming at solving old problems. Among these, the possibility of computing directly fluid flows from the trajectories of constituent particles has been much exploited in the last few years: lattice gases cellular automata and more generally Molecular Dynamics have been used to reproduce and study complex flows. Whether or not these methods may someday compete with more traditional approaches is a question which cannot be answered at the present time: it will depend on the new computer architectures as well as on the possibility to develop very simple models to reproduce the most complex phenomena taking place in the approach of fully developed turbulence or plastic flows. In any event, these molecular methods are already used, and sometimes in an applied engineering context, to study strong shock waves, chemistry induced shocks or motion of dislocations in plastic flows, that is in domains where a fully continuum description appears insufficient. The main topic of our Institute was the molecular simulations of fluid flows. The project to hold this Institute was made three years ago, in the summer of 1989 during a NATO workshop in Brussels on the same subject.
Download or read book Microscopic Simulations of Complex Flows written by Michel Mareschal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of a workshop which was held in Brussels during the month of August 1989. A strong motivation for organizing this workshop was to bring together people who have been involved in the microscopic simulation of phenomena occuring on "large" space and time scales. Indeed, results obtained in the last years by different groups tend to support the idea that macroscopic behavior already appears in systems small enough so as to be modelled by a collection of interacting particles on a (super) computer. Such an approach is certainly desirable to study situations where no satisfactory phenomenological theory is known to hold, or where solutions of the equations are too hard to obtain numerically. It is also interesting from a more fundamental point of view, namely the investigation of the limits of validity of the macroscopic description itself. The main technique used in bridging the gap between the macro and micro worlds has been the molecular dynamics simulations, that is the numerical solution of the equations of motion of the model particles which constitute the system under study, a gas, a liquid or even a solid. However, this technique is by no means the only one.
Download or read book Physics of Complexity written by S. Ciliberto and published by Atlantica Séguier Frontières. This book was released on 1995 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Single Charge Tunneling written by Hermann Grabert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of single charge tunneling comprises of phenomena where the tunneling of a microscopic charge, usually carried by an electron or a Cooper pair, leads to macro scopically observable effects. The first conference entirely devoted to this new field was the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Single Charge Tunneling held in Les Hauches, France, March 5-15, 1991. This book contains a series of tutorial articles based on lectures presented at the meeting. It was intended to provide both an introduction for nonexperts and a valuable reference summarizing the state of the art of single charge tun neling. A complementary publication with contributions by participants of the NATO Advanced Study Institute is the Special Issue on Single Charge Tunneling of Zeitschrift für Physik B, Vol. 85, pp. 317-468 (1991 ). That issue with original papers provides a snapshot af the leading edge of current research in the field. The success of the meeting and the publicatian of this volume was made possible through the generaus support af the NATO Scientific A:ffairs Division, Brussels, Belgium. The Centre de Physique des Hauches has provided a superbly situated conference site and took care af many lacal arrangements. Both far the preparation of the conference and the handling af some manuscripts the suppart af the Centre d 'Etudes de Saclay was essential. The editing of the proceedings volume would not have been passible without the dedicated efforts of Dr. G. -1. Ingald, who tailared a 1\.
Download or read book Cluster Ion Solid Interactions written by Zinetula Insepov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cluster Ion-Solid Interactions: Theory, Simulation, and Experiment provides an overview of various concepts in cluster physics and related topics in physics, including the fundamentals and tools underlying novel cluster ion beam technology. The material is based on the author's highly regarded courses at Kyoto University, Purdue University, the Mos
Download or read book Cellular Automata written by Joel L. Schiff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-18 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible and multidisciplinaryintroduction to cellular automata As the applicability of cellular automata broadens and technology advances, there is a need for a concise, yet thorough, resource that lays the foundation of key cellularautomata rules and applications. In recent years, Stephen Wolfram's A New Kind of Science has brought the modeling power that lies in cellular automata to the attentionof the scientific world, and now, Cellular Automata: A Discrete View of the World presents all the depth, analysis, and applicability of the classic Wolfram text in a straightforward, introductory manner. This book offers an introduction to cellular automata as a constructive method for modeling complex systems where patterns of self-organization arising from simple rules are revealed in phenomena that exist across a wide array of subject areas, including mathematics, physics, economics, and the social sciences. The book begins with a preliminary introduction to cellular automata, including a brief history of the topic along with coverage of sub-topics such as randomness, dimension, information, entropy, and fractals. The author then provides a complete discussion of dynamical systems and chaos due to their close connection with cellular automata and includes chapters that focus exclusively on one- and two-dimensional cellular automata. The next and most fascinating area of discussion is the application of these types of cellular automata in order to understand the complex behavior that occurs in natural phenomena. Finally, the continually evolving topic of complexity is discussed with a focus on how to properly define, identify, and marvel at its manifestations in various environments. The author's focus on the most important principles of cellular automata, combined with his ability to present complex material in an easy-to-follow style, makes this book a very approachable and inclusive source for understanding the concepts and applications of cellular automata. The highly visual nature of the subject is accented with over 200 illustrations, including an eight-page color insert, which provide vivid representations of the cellular automata under discussion. Readers also have the opportunity to follow and understand the models depicted throughout the text and create their own cellular automata using Java applets and simple computer code, which are available via the book's FTP site. This book serves as a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students in the physical, biological, and social sciences and may also be of interest to any reader with a scientific or basic mathematical background.
Download or read book Computer Meets Theoretical Physics written by Giovanni Battimelli and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-17 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a vivid account of the early history of molecular simulation, a new frontier for our understanding of matter that was opened when the demands of theoretical physicists were met by the availability of the modern computers. Since their inception, electronic computers have enormously increased their performance, thus making possible the unprecedented technological revolution that characterizes our present times. This obvious technological advancement has brought with it a silent scientific revolution in the practice of theoretical physics. In particular, in the physics of matter it has opened up a direct route from the microscopic physical laws to observable phenomena. One can now study the time evolution of systems composed of millions of molecules, and simulate the behaviour of macroscopic materials and actually predict their properties. Molecular simulation has provided a new theoretical and conceptual tool that physicists could only dream of when the foundations of statistical mechanics were laid. Molecular simulation has undergone impressive development, both in the size of the scientific community involved and in the range and scope of its applications. It has become the ubiquitous workhorse for investigating the nature of complex condensed matter systems in physics, chemistry, materials and the life sciences. Yet these developments remain largely unknown outside the inner circles of practitioners, and they have so far never been described for a wider public. The main objective of this book is therefore to offer a reasonably comprehensive reconstruction of the early history of molecular simulation addressed to an audience of both scientists and interested non-scientists, describing the scientific and personal trajectories of the main protagonists and discussing the deep conceptual innovations that their work produced.
Download or read book Advances in the Computer Simulatons of Liquid Crystals written by Paolo Pasini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer simulations provide an essential set of tools for understanding the macroscopic properties of liquid crystals and of their phase transitions in terms of molecular models. While simulations of liquid crystals are based on the same general Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics techniques as are used for other fluids, they present a number of specific problems and peculiarities connected to the intrinsic properties of these mesophases. The field of computer simulations of anisotropic fluids is interdisciplinary and is evolving very rapidly. The present volume covers a variety of techniques and model systems, from lattices to hard particle and Gay-Berne to atomistic, for thermotropics, lyotropics, and some biologically interesting liquid crystals. Contributions are written by an excellent panel of international lecturers and provides a timely account of the techniques and problems in the field.
Download or read book Probabilities and Materials written by D. Breysse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most industrial and natural materials exhibit a macroscopic behaviour which results from the existence of microscale inhomogeneities. The influence of such inhomogeneities is commonly modelled using probabilistic methods. Most of the approaches to the evaluation of the safety of structures according to probabilistic criteria are somewhat scattered, however, and it is time to present such material in a coherent and up-to-date form. Probabilities and Materials undertakes this task, and also defines the great tasks that must be tackled in coming years. For engineers and researchers dealing with materials, geotechnics, solid mechanics, soil mechanics, statistics and stochastic processes. The expository nature of the book means that no prior knowledge of statistics or probability is required of the reader. The book can thus serve as an excellent introduction to the nature of applied statistics and stochastic modelling.
Download or read book Proton Transfer in Hydrogen Bonded Systems written by T. Bountis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charge transport through the transfer of protons between molecules has long been recognized as a fundamental process, which plays an important role in many chemical reactions. In particular, proton transfer through Hydrogen (H-) bonds has been identified as the main mechanism, via which many bio logical functions are performed and many properties of such basic substances as proteins and ice can be understood. In this volume, several of these important aspects of the H-bond are rep resented. As the division in different sections already indicates, present day research in proton teansfer in biochemistry, biology, and the physics of water and ice remains highly active and very exciting. Nearly a decade ago, a novel approach to the study of collective proton motion in H-bonded systems was proposed, in which this phenomenon was explained by the propagation of certain coherent structures called solitons. In the years that followed, the approach ofsoliton dynamics was further extended and developed by many researchers around the world, into a legitimate and useful method for the analysis of proton transfer in H-bonded systems. Dr. Stephanos Pnevmatikos, the original Director of this ARW, was one of the pioneers in the application ofsoliton ideas to the study ofcharge transport through H-bonds. Having used similar concepts himself in his research on 2D lattices) he was convinced energy transfer through molecular chains (and that solitons can play an important role in enhancing our understanding of protonic conductivity.
Download or read book Methods in Computational Molecular Physics written by Stephen Wilson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume records the lectures given at a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Methods in Computational Molecular Physics held in Bad Windsheim, Germany, from 22nd July until 2nd. August, 1991. This NATO Advanced Study Institute sought to bridge the quite considerable gap which exist between the presentation of molecular electronic structure theory found in contemporary monographs such as, for example, McWeeny's Methods 0/ Molecular Quantum Mechanics (Academic Press, London, 1989) or Wilson's Electron correlation in moleeules (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1984) and the realization of the sophisticated computational algorithms required for their practical application. It sought to underline the relation between the electronic structure problem and the study of nuc1ear motion. Software for performing molecular electronic structure calculations is now being applied in an increasingly wide range of fields in both the academic and the commercial sectors. Numerous applications are reported in areas as diverse as catalysis and interstellar chernistry, drug design and environmental studies, molecular biology and solid state physics. The range of applications continues to increase as scientists recognize the importance of molecular structure studies to their research activities. Recent years have seen a growing dependence of these applications on program packages, which are often not in the public domain and which may have a somewhat lirnited range of applicability dicta ted by the particular interests and prejudices of the program author.
Download or read book Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells written by Emmanuel Rosencher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the lectures delivered at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the "Intersubband Transistions in Quantum Wells" held in Cargese, France, between the t 9 h and the 14th of September 1991. The urge for this Workshop was justified by the impressive growth of work dealing with this subject during the last two or three years. Indeed, thanks to recent progresses of epitaxial growth techniques, such as Molecular Beam Epitaxy, it is now possible to realize semiconductor layers ( e.g. GaAs) with thicknesses controlled within one atomic layer, sandwiched between insulating layers (e.g. AlGaAs). When the semiconducting layer is very thin, i.e. less than 15 nm, the energy of the carriers corresponding to their motion perpendicular to these layers is quantized, forming subbands of allowed energies. Because of the low effective masses in these semiconducting materials, the oscillator strengths corresponding to intersubband transitions are extremely large and quantum optical effects become giant in the 5 - 20 ~ range: photoionization, optical nonlinearities, ... Moreover, a great theoretical surprise is that - thanks to the robustness of the effective mass theory - these quantum wells are a real life materialization of our old text book one-dimensional quantum well ideal. Complex physical phenomena may then be investigated on a simple model system.
Download or read book Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals written by Arthur N. Chester and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nato Advanced Study Institute "Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals" was held May 2-12, 1991, in Erice, Sicily. This was the 16th conference organized by the International School of Quantum Electronics, under the auspices of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The subject of "Liquid Crystals" has made amazing progress since the last ISQE Course on this subject in 1985. The present Proceedings give a tutorial introduction to today's most important areas, as well as a review of current results by leading researchers. We have brought together some of the world's acknowledged experts in the field to summarize both the present state of their research and its background. Most of the lecturers attended all the lectures and devoted their spare hours to stimulating discussions. We would like to thank them all for their admirable contributions. The Institute also took advantage of a very active audience; most of the students were active researchers in the field and contributed with discussions and seminars. Some of these student seminars are also included in these Proceedings. We did not modify the original manuscripts in editing this book, but we did group them according to the following topics: 1) "Theoretical Foundations"; 2) "Thermotropic Liquid Crystals"; 3) "Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals"; 4) "Polymeric Liquid Crystals"; and 5) "Lyotropic Liquid Crystals".
Download or read book Frattura ed Integrit Strutturale Annals 2012 written by Francesco Iacoviello and published by Gruppo Italiano Frattura. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geostatistics for the Next Century written by Roussos Dimitrakopoulos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To honour the remarkable contribution of Michel David in the inception, establishment and development of Geostatistics, and to promote the essence of his work, an international Forum entitled Geostatistics for the Next Century was convened in Montreal in June 1993. In order to enhance communication and stimulate geostatistical innovation, research and development, the Forum brought together world leading researchers and practitioners from five continents, who discussed-debated current problems, new technologies and futuristic ideas. This volume contains selected peer-reviewed papers from the Forum, together with comments by participants and replies by authors. Although difficult to capture the spontaneity and range of a debate, comments and replies should further assist in the promotion of ideas, dialogue and criticism, and are consistent with the spirit of the Forum. The contents of this volume are organized following the Forum's thematic sessions. The role of theme sessions was not only to stress important topics of tOday but in addition, to emphasize common ground held among diverse areas of geostatistical work and the need to strengthen communication between these areas. For this reason, any given section of this book may include papers from theory to applications, in mining, petroleum, environment, geohydrology, image processing.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Nonlinear Science written by Alwyn Scott and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-05-17 with total page 2881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 438 alphabetically-arranged essays, this work provides a useful overview of the core mathematical background for nonlinear science, as well as its applications to key problems in ecology and biological systems, chemical reaction-diffusion problems, geophysics, economics, electrical and mechanical oscillations in engineering systems, lasers and nonlinear optics, fluid mechanics and turbulence, and condensed matter physics, among others.
Download or read book Time Reversability Computer Simulation Algorithms Chaos written by William Graham Hoover and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book begins with a discussion, contrasting the idealized reversibility of basic physics against the pragmatic irreversibility of real life. Computer models, and simulation, are next discussed and illustrated. Simulations provide the means to assimilate concepts through worked-out examples. State-of-the-art analyses, from the point of view of dynamical systems, are applied to many-body examples from nonequilibrium molecular dynamics and to chaotic irreversible flows from finite-difference, finite-element, and particle-based continuum simulations. Two necessary concepts from dynamical-systems theory - fractals and Lyapunov instability - are fundamental to the approach. Undergraduate-level physics, calculus, and ordinary differential equations are sufficient background for a full appreciation of this book, which is intended for advanced undergraduates, graduates, and research workers.
