Download or read book Microeconomic Origins of Macroeconomic Tail Risks written by Daron Acemoglu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We document that even though the normal distribution is a good approximation to the nature of aggregate fluctuations, it severely under-predicts the frequency of large economic downturns. We then provide a model that can explain these facts simultaneously. Our model show that the propagation of microeconomic shocks through input-output linkages can fundamentally reshape the distribution of aggregate output, increasing the likelihood of large downturns (macroeconomic tail risks) from infinitesimal to substantial. For example, an economy subject to thin-tailed micro shocks but with "unbalanced" input-output linkages (where some sectors or firms play a much more important role than others as inputs suppliers to the rest of the economy) may exhibit deep recessions as frequently as economies that are subject to heavy-tailed shocks. This is despite the fact that a central limit theorem-type result would imply that aggregate output is normally distributed. We characterize what types of input-output linkages and distributions of microeconomic shocks lead to sizable macroeconomic tail risks, and also show how the same economic forces cause the output of many sectors to simultaneously fall by large amounts. Keywords: Business cycles, macroeconomic tail risks, input-output linkages. JEL Classification: C67, E32.

Download or read book The Economy as a Complex Spatial System written by Pasquale Commendatore and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license. This collected volume represents the final outcome of the COST Action IS1104 “The EU in the new complex geography of economic systems: models, tools and policy evaluation”. Visualizing the EU as a complex and multi-layered network, the book is organized in three parts, each of them dealing with a different level of analysis: At the macro-level, Part I considers the interactions within large economic systems (regions or countries) involving trade, workers migration, and other factor movements. At the meso-level, Part II discusses interactions within specific but wide-ranging markets, with a focus on financial markets and banking systems. Lastly, at the micro-level, Part III explores the decision-making of single firms, especially in the context of location decisions.

Download or read book NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2015 written by Martin Eichenbaum and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-06-22 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year, the NBER Macroeconomics Annual celebrates its thirtieth volume. The first two papers examine China’s macroeconomic development. “Trends and Cycles in China's Macroeconomy” by Chun Chang, Kaiji Chen, Daniel F. Waggoner, and Tao Zha outlines the key characteristics of growth and business cycles in China. “Demystifying the Chinese Housing Boom” by Hanming Fang, Quanlin Gu, Wei Xiong, and Li-An Zhou constructs a new house price index, showing that Chinese house prices have grown by ten percent per year over the past decade. The third paper, “External and Public Debt Crises” by Cristina Arellano, Andrew Atkeson, and Mark Wright, asks why there appear to be large differences across countries and subnational jurisdictions in the effect of rising public debts on economic outcomes. The fourth, “Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration” by Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit, and William Kerr, explains how the network structure of the US economy propagates the effect of gross output productivity shocks across upstream and downstream sectors. The fifth and sixth papers investigate the usefulness of surveys of household’s beliefs for understanding economic phenomena. “Expectations and Investment,” by Nicola Gennaioli, Yueran Ma, and Andrei Shleifer, demonstrates that a chief financial officer's expectations of a firm's future earnings growth is related to both the planned and actual future investment of that firm. “Declining Desire to Work and Downward Trends in Unemployment and Participation” by Regis Barnichon and Andrew Figura shows that an increasing number of prime-age Americans who are not in the labor force report no desire to work and that this decline accelerated during the second half of the 1990s.

Download or read book Transmission of Domestic and External Shocks through Input Output Network Evidence from Korean Industries written by Dongyeol Lee and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-24 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two decades, manufacturing industries in Korea have become more concentrated, and interconnectedness across industries and to foreign countries has risen via vertical relationships and trade linkages. This paper investigates the transmission of economic shocks in such a highly concentrated and interconnected structure, focusing on the role of vertical and trade linkages and using the industry-level international input-output data. The results suggest that, first, the role of vertical and trade linkages in propagating growth shocks from both domestic sources and external sources is important. Second, the growth impact of a few key sources of economic shocks is relatively large. These findings highlight that economic shocks in a few key industries and/or major trading partners that are transmitted through vertical and trade linkages can lead to large swings in the overall economy. This paper contributes to the understanding of the potential interactions between the industrial structure and economic growth and stability.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Networks written by Yann Bramoullé and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Networks represents the frontier of research into how and why networks they form, how they influence behavior, how they help govern outcomes in an interactive world, and how they shape collective decision making, opinion formation, and diffusion dynamics. From a methodological perspective, the contributors to this volume devote attention to theory, field experiments, laboratory experiments, and econometrics. Theoretical work in network formation, games played on networks, repeated games, and the interaction between linking and behavior is synthesized. A number of chapters are devoted to studying social process mediated by networks. Topics here include opinion formation, diffusion of information and disease, and learning. There are also chapters devoted to financial contagion and systemic risk, motivated in part by the recent financial crises. Another section discusses communities, with applications including social trust, favor exchange, and social collateral; the importance of communities for migration patterns; and the role that networks and communities play in the labor market. A prominent role of networks, from an economic perspective, is that they mediate trade. Several chapters cover bilateral trade in networks, strategic intermediation, and the role of networks in international trade. Contributions discuss as well the role of networks for organizations. On the one hand, one chapter discusses the role of networks for the performance of organizations, while two other chapters discuss managing networks of consumers and pricing in the presence of network-based spillovers. Finally, the authors discuss the internet as a network with attention to the issue of net neutrality.

Download or read book The Impact of Remittances on Economic Activity The Importance of Sectoral Linkages written by Hector Perez-Saiz and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-08-16 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We propose a simple macroeconomic model with input-output sectoral linkages based on Acemoglu et al. (2016) to quantify how changes in aggregate demand due to additional income from household’s remittances propagates through the network of input-output linkages in Sub-Saharan African countries. We first propose two network centrality measures to assess the role of some sectors as key input providers in the economy. Then, we use these measures to quantify the effect of sectoral linkages on sectoral and total output following an increase in remittances inflows. Our empirical results suggest that the effects of remittances on recipient economies increase with the degree of linkages across sectors, which is especially prominent in the case of the financial intermediation sector. Our paper contributes to the emerging macroeconomic literature on the propagation of shocks across sectors and the implications for the whole economy.

Download or read book Energy Economics written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2023-12-17 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Energy Economics Energy economics is a vast category of scientific study that encompasses a variety of themes that are associated with the supply and utilization of energy in society. The economic significance of the efficiency with which energy may be produced is determined by taking into account the cost of energy services and the value that is connected with them. One definition of energy services is functions that generate and supply energy to "desired end services or states." Energy services can be explained in this way. The efficiency of energy services is directly proportional to the engineered technology that is utilized in the production and distribution of those services. The objective is to reduce the amount of energy that is taken in during the production of the energy service, which includes things like lighting (lumens), heating (temperature), and fuel. Despite the fact that energy economics is relevant to a wide range of human activities, including individuals and enterprises at the microeconomic level and resource management and environmental implications at the macroeconomic level, the primary sectors that are taken into consideration in energy economics are transportation and building. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Energy economics Chapter 2: Economics Chapter 3: Macroeconomics Chapter 4: Environmental economics Chapter 5: Market failure Chapter 6: Behavioral economics Chapter 7: Economic efficiency Chapter 8: Managerial economics Chapter 9: Jevons paradox Chapter 10: William Baumol Chapter 11: Government failure Chapter 12: JEL classification codes Chapter 13: John Quiggin Chapter 14: Richard Blundell Chapter 15: Rebound effect (conservation) Chapter 16: New classical macroeconomics Chapter 17: Engineering economics Chapter 18: David Zilberman (economist) Chapter 19: Michael Greenstone Chapter 20: Shelly Lundberg Chapter 21: Inframarginal analysis (II) Answering the public top questions about energy economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of energy economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of energy economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of energy economics.

Download or read book Introduction to Modern Economic Growth written by Daron Acemoglu and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-15 with total page 1009 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Nobel Prize–winning economist Daron Acemoglu, an incisive introduction to economic growth Introduction to Modern Economic Growth is a groundbreaking text from one of today's leading economists. Daron Acemoglu gives graduate students not only the tools to analyze growth and related macroeconomic problems, but also the broad perspective needed to apply those tools to the big-picture questions of growth and divergence. And he introduces the economic and mathematical foundations of modern growth theory and macroeconomics in a rigorous but easy to follow manner. After covering the necessary background on dynamic general equilibrium and dynamic optimization, the book presents the basic workhorse models of growth and takes students to the frontier areas of growth theory, including models of human capital, endogenous technological change, technology transfer, international trade, economic development, and political economy. The book integrates these theories with data and shows how theoretical approaches can lead to better perspectives on the fundamental causes of economic growth and the wealth of nations. Innovative and authoritative, this book is likely to shape how economic growth is taught and learned for years to come. Introduces all the foundations for understanding economic growth and dynamic macroeconomic analysis Focuses on the big-picture questions of economic growth Provides mathematical foundations Presents dynamic general equilibrium Covers models such as basic Solow, neoclassical growth, and overlapping generations, as well as models of endogenous technology and international linkages Addresses frontier research areas such as international linkages, international trade, political economy, and economic development and structural change An accompanying Student Solutions Manual containing the answers to selected exercises is available (978-0-691-14163-3/$24.95). See: https://press.princeton.edu/titles/8970.html For Professors only: To access a complete solutions manual online, email us at: [email protected]

Download or read book The Systemic Impact of Debt Default in a Multilayered Global Network Model written by Mr. Nathan Porter and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-09-02 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world has become more interconnected over the past few decades. Against this backdrop, economic and financial contagion following adverse shocks can have a severe impact on the global economy. How systemic can the effects of contagion be? What specific transmission channels are involved? What is their relative importance? We address these questions using a multilayered global network model of contagion that simulates the impact of sovereign debt default on the global economy. We also develop a measure of global systemic risk and use bank stress testing techniques to quantify the systemic impact of the shock and the extent of contagion on the global economy. Our model shows that economic and financial contagion are highly non-linear, and many bystander economies can experience significant negative effects as the initial default is spread through the network. This suggests that many economies might be systemically more important than what conventional measures of size or openness might suggest.

Download or read book Trade Linkages and International Business Cycle Comovement Evidence from Korean Industry Data written by Dongyeol Lee and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-24 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the 2000s, Korea’s export and import linkages to advanced and emerging markets increased significantly. At the same time, the correlation of output growth between Korea and these economies rose. This paper investigates the nature of the link between trade linkages and the comovement of international business cycles (BC) using Korean industry-level domestic and international input-output data. The results suggest that, at the industry-level, higher export linkages lead to a larger positive GDP growth comovement, while higher import linkages lead to higher negative employment growth comovement. Furthermore, the decomposition of aggregate BC comovement shows that the increase in trade with China has contributed the most to aggregate BC comovement, while the impact of trade linkages on BC comovement is propagated domestically via vertical linkages. These findings suggest that the Korean economy can be significantly affected by a few countries that are highly linked through trade to Korea and/or a few industries that are highly interconnected to other industries.

Download or read book Emerging Applications of Control and Systems Theory written by Roberto Tempo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-24 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book celebrates Professor Mathukumalli Vidyasagar’s outstanding achievements in systems, control, robotics, statistical learning, computational biology, and allied areas. The contributions in the book summarize the content of invited lectures given at the workshop “Emerging Applications of Control and Systems Theory” (EACST17) held at the University of Texas at Dallas in late September 2017 in honor of Professor Vidyasagar’s seventieth birthday. These contributions are the work of twenty-eight distinguished speakers from eight countries and are related to Professor Vidyasagar’s areas of research. This Festschrift volume will remain as a permanent scientific record of this event.

Download or read book Complex Networks and Dynamics written by Pasquale Commendatore and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-14 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume sheds light on the current state of complex networks and nonlinear dynamics applied to the understanding of economic and social phenomena ranging from geographical economics to macroeconomics and finance, and its purpose is to give readers an overview of several interesting topics for research at an intermediate level. Three different and interdisciplinary, but complementary, aspects of networks are put together in a single piece, namely: (i) complex networks theory, (ii) applied network analysis to social and economic interrelations, and (iii) dynamical evolution of systems and networks. The volume includes contributions from excellent scholars in economics and social sciences as well as leading experts in the fields of complex networks and nonlinear dynamics.

Download or read book Opportunity Cost written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-04-15 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Opportunity Cost In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone where, given limited resources, a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives. Assuming the best choice is made, it is the "cost" incurred by not enjoying the benefit that would have been had by taking the second best available choice. The New Oxford American Dictionary defines it as "the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen". As a representation of the relationship between scarcity and choice, the objective of opportunity cost is to ensure efficient use of scarce resources. It incorporates all associated costs of a decision, both explicit and implicit. Thus, opportunity costs are not restricted to monetary or financial costs: the real cost of output forgone, lost time, pleasure, or any other benefit that provides utility should also be considered an opportunity cost. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Opportunity cost Chapter 2: Perfect competition Chapter 3: Output (economics) Chapter 4: Sunk cost Chapter 5: Cost Chapter 6: Competitive advantage Chapter 7: Managerial economics Chapter 8: Economic cost Chapter 9: Implicit cost Chapter 10: Operating surplus Chapter 11: Accounting constraints Chapter 12: AP Macroeconomics Chapter 13: Engineering economics Chapter 14: Barriers to exit Chapter 15: Profit (economics) Chapter 16: Shutdown (economics) Chapter 17: Asset Chapter 18: Output (economics) Chapter 19: Return on investment Chapter 20: Economics terminology that differs from common usage Chapter 21: Parable of the broken window (II) Answering the public top questions about opportunity cost. (III) Real world examples for the usage of opportunity cost in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Opportunity Cost.

Download or read book Republic of Korea written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-13 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper analyzes monetary policy and financial cycles; the evolution of macroprudential policies in Korea; the efficacy in prudential policies in taming financial excess and building financial resilience and; the interaction between monetary policy and macroprudential policies. Evidence for Korea suggests that financial stability will not necessarily materialize as a natural by-product of a so-called appropriate monetary policy stance. Although the effects of monetary and macroprudential instruments may overlap, they are not perfect substitutes. Macroprudential policies can also impact the banking system by affecting bank funding costs through the net interest margin. In certain circumstances borrower-based prudential measures and monetary policy can complement one another. Macroprudential policies can impact banks profitability. Policymakers should be mindful that macroprudential policy is not free of costs and that there may be trade-offs between the stability and the efficiency of financial systems.

Download or read book Managerial Economics written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Managerial Economics In the field of economics, managerial economics is a subfield that focuses on the implementation of economic principles within the context of the decision-making process within organizations. The field of study known as economics examines the production, distribution, and consumption of various materials and services. The field of managerial economics is concerned with the application of economic theories and concepts in order to arrive at decisions concerning the distribution of limited resources.When it comes to making decisions concerning the company's consumers, competitors, suppliers, and internal operations, it provides managers with a foundation to follow. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Managerial economics Chapter 2: Microeconomics Chapter 3: Monopoly Chapter 4: Monopolistic competition Chapter 5: Oligopoly Chapter 6: Satisficing Chapter 7: Index of economics articles Chapter 8: Sunk cost Chapter 9: Price discrimination Chapter 10: Elasticity (economics) Chapter 11: Market power Chapter 12: Marginal revenue Chapter 13: Long run and short run Chapter 14: Demand Chapter 15: Economics education Chapter 16: Business economics Chapter 17: Neoclassical synthesis Chapter 18: Mathematical economics Chapter 19: Economics terminology that differs from common usage Chapter 20: Monopoly price Chapter 21: Macroeconomics (II) Answering the public top questions about managerial economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of managerial economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of managerial economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of managerial economics.

Download or read book Making Global Value Chains Work for Development written by Daria Taglioni and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic, technological, and political shifts as well as changing business strategies have driven firms to unbundle production processes and disperse them across countries. Thanks to these changes, developing countries can now increase their participation in global value chains (GVCs) and thus become more competitive in agriculture, manufacturing and services. This is a paradigm shift from the 20th century when countries had to build the entire supply chain domestically to become competitive internationally. For policymakers, the focus is on boosting domestic value added and improving access to resources and technology while advancing development goals. However, participating in global value chains does not automatically improve living standards and social conditions in a country. This requires not only improving the quality and quantity of production factors and redressing market failures, but also engineering equitable distributions of opportunities and outcomes - including employment, wages, work conditions, economic rights, gender equality, economic security, and protecting the environment. The internationalization of production processes helps with very few of these development challenges. Following this perspective, Making Global Value Chains Work for Development offers a strategic framework, analytical tools, and policy options to address this challenge. The book conceptualizes GVCs and makes it easier for policymakers and practitioners to discuss them and their implications for development. It shows why GVCs require fresh thinking; it serves as a repository of analytical tools; and it proposes a strategic framework to guide policymakers in identifying the key objectives of GVC participation and in selecting suitable economic strategies to achieve them.

Download or read book The Elgar Companion to Information Economics written by Daphne R. Raban and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-14 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Elgar Companion to Information Economics dexterously navigates this interdisciplinary field of research which celebrates the crucial contribution of information to decision making, market dynamics, and economic well-being. Offering a wealth of conceptual analysis, this erudite Companion embarks on an intellectual journey exploring the fundamentals of information economics. This title contains one or more Open Access chapters.