Download or read book Microbial Food Web Mapping written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil represents a massive reservoir of active carbon and climate models vary dramatically in predicting how this carbon will respond to climate change over the coming century. A major cause of uncertainty is that we still have a very limited understand the microorganisms that dominate the soil carbon cycle. The vast majority of soil microbes cannot be cultivated in the laboratory and the diversity of organisms and enzymes that participate in the carbon cycle is staggeringly complex. We have developed a new toolbox for exploring the carbon cycle and the metabolic and ecological characteristics of uncultivated microorganisms. The high-resolution nucleic acid stable isotope probing approach that we have developed makes it possible to characterize microbial carbon cycling dynamics in soil. The approach allows us to track multiple 13C-labeled substrates into thousands of microbial taxa over time. Using this approach we have discovered several major lineages of uncultivated microorganisms that participate in cellulose metabolism and are found widely in soils (including Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi, which have not previously been implicated as major players in the soil carbon cycle). Furthermore, isotopic labelling of nucleic acids enables community genomics and permits genome fragment binning for a majority of these cellulolytic microorganisms allowing us to explore the metabolic underpinnings of cellulose degradation. This approach has allowed us to describe unexpected dynamics of carbon metabolism with different microbial taxa exhibiting characteristic patterns of carbon substrate incorporation, indicative of distinct ecological strategies. The data we describe allows us to characterize the activity of novel microorganisms as they occur in the environment and these data provide a basis for understanding how the physiological traits of discrete microorganisms sum to govern the complex responses of the soil carbon cycle.
Download or read book Food Webs written by Gary A. Polis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the recent surge of activity in food web research fueled by new empirical data, this authoritative volume successfully spans and integrates the areas of theory, basic empirical research, applications, and resource problems. Written by recognized leaders from various branches of ecological research, this work provides an in-depth treatment of the most recent advances in the field and examines the complexity and variability of food webs through reviews, new research, and syntheses of the major issues in food web research. Food Webs features material on the role of nutrients, detritus and microbes in food webs, indirect effects in food webs, the interaction of productivity and consumption, linking cause and effect in food webs, temporal and spatial scales of food web dynamics, applications of food webs to pest management, fisheries, and ecosystem stress. Three comprehensive chapters synthesize important information on the role of indirect effects, productivity and consumer regulation, and temporal, spatial and life history influences on food webs. In addition, numerous tables, figures, and mathematical equations found nowhere else in related literature are presented in this outstanding work. Food Webs offers researchers and graduate students in various branches of ecology an extensive examination of the subject. Ecologists interested in food webs or community ecology will also find this book an invaluable tool for understanding the current state of knowledge of food web research.
Download or read book Mapping Microbial Dynamics in Food Systems written by Nicholas Andrew Bokulich and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial activities critically impact the sensory, safety, and nutrtitive properties of foods. Understanding patterns of microbial assemblage and transmission in foods and food production streams is paramount to controlling the safety, security, and quality of human food supplies. Analyzing the complete microbial consortia and their interactions with food and production environments yields perspectives on ecological functions within food-production systems relating to food regionality, sensory qualities, and spoilage. Chapters 1-3 provide reviews of the critical literature and concepts. Chapters 4-7 describe molecular and computational methods developed to improve our ability to explore these systems with greater specificity and sensitivity. Chapters 8-15 describe the application of these methods to explore the microbial dynamics within food ecosystems. Most of this dissertation comprises previously peer-reviewed, published work with the contribution of many collaborators, as detailed for each individual chapter.
Download or read book Aquatic Food Webs written by Andrea Belgrano and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Aquatic Food Webs' provides a current synthesis of theoretical and empirical food web research. The textbook is suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers in community, ecosystem, and theoretical ecology, in aquatic ecology, and in conservation biology.
Download or read book Advances in Applied Microbiology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-18 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published since 1959, Advances in Applied Microbiology continues to be one of the most widely read and authoritative review sources in microbiology. The series contains comprehensive reviews of the most current research in applied microbiology. Recent areas covered include bacterial diversity in the human gut, protozoan grazing of freshwater biofilms, metals in yeast fermentation processes and the interpretation of host-pathogen dialogue through microarrays. Impact factor for 2010: 3.913. - Contributions from leading authorities - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Download or read book Food Webs written by John C. Moore and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new approaches to studying food webs, using practical and policy examples to demonstrate the theory behind ecosystem management decisions.
Download or read book Tracing Pathogens in the Food Chain written by Stanley Brul and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-11-23 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Successful methods for the detection and investigation of outbreaks of foodborne disease are essential for ensuring consumer safety. Increased understanding of the transmission of pathogens in food chains will also assist efforts to safeguard public health. Tracing pathogens in the food chain reviews key aspects of the surveillance, analysis and spread of foodborne pathogens at different stages of industrial food production and processing. Part one provides an introduction to foodborne pathogen surveillance, outbreak investigation and control. Part two concentrates on subtyping of foodborne pathogens, with chapters on phenoytypic subtyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, as well as emerging methods. The vital topics of method validation and quality assurance are also covered. The focus in Part three is on particular techniques for the surveillance and study of pathogens, such as protein-based analysis, ribotyping and comparative genomics. Finally, Part four focuses on tracing pathogens in specific food chains, such as red meat and game, dairy, fish and shellfish. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Tracing pathogens in the food chain is a standard reference for researchers, public health experts and food industry professionals concerned with the study and control of foodborne disease. - Reviews key aspects of the surveillance, analysis and spread of foodborne pathogens - Provides an overview of method validation and quality assurance - Examines the tracing of pathogens in specific food chains, such as red meat, game and dairy
Download or read book Food Chain Integrity written by Jeffrey Hoorfar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving the integrity of the food chain, making certain that food is traceable, safe to eat, high quality and genuine requires new diagnostic tools, the implementation of novel information systems and input from all food chain participants. Food chain integrity reviews key research in this fast-moving area and how it can be applied to improve the provision of food to the consumer.Chapters in part one review developments in food traceability, such as food 'biotracing', and methods to prevent food bioterrorism. Following this, part two focuses on developments in food safety and quality management. Topics covered include advances in understanding of pathogen behaviour, control of foodborne viruses, hazard ranking and the role of animal feed in food safety. Chapters in part three explore essential aspects of food authenticity, from the traceability of genetically modified organisms in supply chains to new methods to demonstrate food origin. Finally, part four focuses on consumer views on food chain integrity and future trends.With its distinguished editors and expert team of contributors, Food chain integrity is a key reference for all those tasked with predicting and implementing actions to prevent breaches in the integrity of food production. - Reviews key research in this fast-moving area and how it can be applied to improve the provision of food to the consumer - Examines developments in food traceability, such as food 'biotracing', and methods to prevent food bioterrorism - Focuses on developments in food safety and quality management featuring advances in understanding pathogen behaviour and control of foodborne viruses
Download or read book Dynamic Food Webs written by Peter C de Ruiter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-20 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic Food Webs challenges us to rethink what factors may determine ecological and evolutionary pathways of food web development. It touches upon the intriguing idea that trophic interactions drive patterns and dynamics at different levels of biological organization: dynamics in species composition, dynamics in population life-history parameters and abundances, and dynamics in individual growth, size and behavior. These dynamics are shown to be strongly interrelated governing food web structure and stability and the role of populations and communities play in ecosystem functioning. Dynamic Food Webs not only offers over 100 illustrations, but also contains 8 riveting sections devoted to an understanding of how to manage the effects of environmental change, the protection of biological diversity and the sustainable use of natural resources. Dynamic Food Webs is a volume in the Theoretical Ecology series. - Relates dynamics on different levels of biological organization: individuals, populations, and communities - Deals with empirical and theoretical approaches - Discusses the role of community food webs in ecosystem functioning - Proposes methods to assess the effects of environmental change on the structure of biological communities and ecosystem functioning - Offers an analyses of the relationship between complexity and stability in food webs
Download or read book Advances in Microbial Ecology written by J.G. Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kevin Marshall is a hard act to follow. Volume 13 of Advances in Microbial Ecology has been produced by a new editorial board, and we, the members of that board, are delighted to have the opportunity to pay tribute to Kevin's achievements. In his time as Series Editor, the quality of the chapters submitted and the range of subject matter covered have ensured an expanding and more stimulated readership. This represents a considerable achievement, given the growth in the number of review volumes and the increasing tendency for journals to publish review articles. The achievement was reached not only through metic ulous attention to quality and detail but also by providing a forum for the expression of views, information, and results that would stimulate discussion. Advances in Microbial Ecology will continue to provide such a focus, although, because of the frequency of publication, it would not be practicable to introduce a "reply" or "comment" section. Although we do not deliberately aim to provide a forum for controversy, we encourage speculation based on sound scientific arguments. In addition, we would like to encourage authors to offer chapters for consideration. In the past, the volumes have largely comprised invited chapters. With the best will in the world, an editorial board of four cannot claim adequate coverage of such a vast and rapidly developing research area. We would there fore welcome submission of outline plans for chapters, which should be sent to the Editor.
Download or read book The Choanoflagellates written by Barry S. C. Leadbeater and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-08 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choanoflagellates have three distinctive claims to fame: they are the closest, living, unicellular relatives of animals; they are a major component of aquatic microbial foodwebs; and one group is remarkable for its siliceous basket-like coverings. This landmark book offers a unique synthesis of over forty years of choanoflagellates research. Key areas are covered, from the phylogenetic evidence supporting the sister-group relationship between choanoflagellates and Metazoa, to choanoflagellate distribution and diversity in marine and freshwater environments. The structure and assembly of choanoflagellate loricae is also presented together with a full discussion of a novel example of 'regulatory evolution', suggesting that the switch from nudiform to tectiform cell division and lorica production was achieved by a sudden reorganisation of existing structures and mechanisms. Providing an authoritative summary of what is currently known about choanoflagellates, this title will serve as a foundation upon which future research and discussion can take place.
Download or read book Modeling the Microbial Food Web written by H. W. Ducklow and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Ecology in Sustainable Agroecosystems written by Tanya E. Cheeke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While soil ecologists continue to be on the forefront of research on biodiversity and ecosystem function, there are few interdisciplinary studies that incorporate ecological knowledge into sustainable land management practices. Conventional, high fossil-fuel input-based agricultural systems can reduce soil biodiversity, alter soil community structure and nutrient cycling, and lead to greater dependence on energy-intensive practices. Microbial Ecology in Sustainable Agroecosystems brings together soil ecologists, microbial ecologists, and agroecologists working globally to demonstrate how research in soil ecology can contribute to the long-term sustainability of agricultural systems. The book identifies five key areas of research that can be combined to support and direct sustainable land management practices: agriculture, biodiversity, ecosystem services, integrated soil ecology research, and policy. Topics include: A broad range of soil microbial processes in terms of the importance of microbial heterogeneity Inputs by soil microorganisms into wheat-farming systems The importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in making nutrients more available to crops The benefits and environmental problems associated with the use of crops genetically modified with Bacillus thuringiensis The incorporation of soil ecological or microbial ecological theory into agricultural practice to improve agricultural productivity and sustainability Challenges in sustainable agricultural research and the need for coalescing new avenues of research in agriculture and soil ecology The contributors range from long-time ecological researchers to graduate students and early career scientists, representing a wide spectrum of experience, ages, diversity, and research interests in this area. They cover the diversity and complexity of microbial activity and interactions in soil systems and the many ways in which microorganisms may be manipulated and managed to improve the functions of crop rhizospheres and thereby maximize crop yields and overall productivity. These recommendations can be used to direct and influence agricultural and environmental policy and guide future research in sustainable agricultural systems management.
Download or read book Biological Agricultural Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 2984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Processes and Food Web Dynamics in a Turbid Estuary written by Michael C. Murrell and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essentials of Marine Biotechnology written by Se-Kwon Kim and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-31 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook introduces marine biotechnology by collecting the key knowledge on genetics, fish breeding, genetic diversity, seaweed production and microalgae biotechnology, and explores marine biomaterials and how they can benefit human health. Covering the latest applications of marine biotechnology in natural product development, genomics, transgenic technology, cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceutical development, it particularly focuses on future biological resources, developing functional materials from marine life, production of marine bioenergy and marine microbial resources and biotechnology. The author explains the structure of the book in an introductory note, and each chapter offers a detailed overview and conclusion to help readers better grasp the acquired knowledge. Lastly, the final part provides a comprehensive glossary with brief explanations of the key concepts in marine biotechnology. Written by a leading expert in the field with more than 30 years of teaching experience, this book broadens students’ understanding of the basics and recent developments in marine biotechnology.
Download or read book Fishery Ecosystem Dynamics written by Michael J. Fogarty and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fisheries supply a critically important ecosystem service by providing over three billion people with nearly 20% of their daily animal protein intake. Yet one third of the world's fish stocks are currently harvested at unsustainable levels. Calls for the adoption of more holistic approaches to management that incorporate broader ecosystem principles are now being translated into action worldwide to meet this challenge. The transition from concept to implementation is accompanied by the need to further establish and evaluate the analytical framework for Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management (EBFM). The objectives of this novel textbook are to provide an introduction to this topic for the next generation of scientists who will carry on this work, to illuminate the deep and often underappreciated connections between basic ecology and fishery science, and to explore the implications of these linkages in formulating management strategies for the 21st century. Fishery Ecosystem Dynamics will be of great use to graduate level students as well as academic researchers and professionals (both governmental and NGO) in the fields of fisheries ecology and management.
