Download or read book Microbial Fermentation of Abundant Biopolymers written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our research has dealt with seven major areas of investigation: i) characterization of cellulolytic members of microbial consortia, with special attention recently given to Clostridium phytofermentans, a bacterium that decomposes cellulose and produces uncommonly large amounts of ethanol, ii) investigations of the chitinase system of Cellulomonas uda; including the purification and characterization of ChiA, the major component of this enzyme system, iii) molecular cloning, sequence and structural analysis of the gene that encodes ChiA in C. uda, iv) biofilm formation by C. uda on nutritive surfaces, v) investigations of the effects of humic substances on cellulose degradation by anaerobic cellulolytic microbes, vi) studies of nitrogen metabolism in cellulolytic anaerobes, and vii) understanding the molecular architecture of the multicomplex cellulase-xylanase system of Clostridium papyrosolvens. Also, progress toward completing the research of more recent projects is briefly summarized. Major accomplishments include: 1. Characterization of Clostridium phytofermentans, a cellulose-fermenting, ethanol-producing bacterium from forest soil. The characterization of a new cellulolytic species isolated from a cellulose-decomposing microbial consortium from forest soil was completed. This bacterium is remarkable for the high concentrations of ethanol produced during cellulose fermentation, typically more than twice the concentration produced by other species of cellulolytic clostridia. 2. Examination of the use of chitin as a source of carbon and nitrogen by cellulolytic microbes. We discovered that many cellulolytic anaerobes and facultative aerobes are able to use chitin as a source of both carbon and nitrogen. This major discovery expands our understanding of the biology of cellulose-fermenting bacteria and may lead to new applications for these microbes. 3. Comparative studies of the cellulase and chitinase systems of Cellulomonas uda. Results of these studies indicate that the chitinase and cellulase systems of this bacterium are distinct in terms of the proteins involved and the regulation of their production. 4. Characterization of the chitinase system of C. uda. A 70,000-Mr endochitinase, designated ChiA, was purified from C. uda culture supernatant fluids and characterized. 5. Analysis of chiA, which codes for the major enzymatic component of the chitinase system of C. uda. The gene encoding the endochitinase ChiA in C. uda was cloned, its complete nucleotide sequence was determined and its implications were investigated. 6. Formation of biofilms by C. uda on cellulose and chitin. Microscopic observations indicated that, under conditions of nitrogen limitation, C. uda cells grew as a biofilm attached tightly to the surface of cellulose or chitin. 7. Development of tools for a genetic approach to studies of cellulose fermentation by cellulolytic clostridia. We have explored the potential of various techniques, and obtained evidence indicating that Tn916 mutagenesis may be particularly effective in this regard. As part of this research, we identified the presence of a plasmid in one strain, which was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed for its utility in the development of vectors for genetic studies. 8. Effects of humic substances on cellulose degradation by anaerobic cellulolytic microbes. We determined that humic substances play an important role in the anaerobic cellulose decomposition and in the physiology of cellulose-fermenting soil bacteria. 9. Nitrogenases of cellulolytic clostridia. We described a nitrogenase gene from a cellulolytic clostridium and presented evidence, based on sequence analyses and conserved gene order, for lateral gene transfer between this bacterium and a methanogenic archaeon. 10. Characterization of Clostridium hungatei, a new N2-fixing cellulolytic species isolated from a methanogenic consortium from soil. 11. Understanding the molecular architecture of the multicomplex cellulase-xylanase system of Clostridium papyrosolvens. We discovered that C. papyrosolvens produces a multiprotein, multicomplex cellulase-xylanase enzyme system that hydrolyzes crystalline cellulose, and we have described this system in detail.
Download or read book Biopolymers for Food Design written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biopolymers for Food Design, Volume 20 in the Handbook of Bioengineering series, describes how biopolymers have made a major impact in the food industry, from food design, to food control and safety. Biopolymers can be used in the development of novel nutritional alternatives, to replace difficult to obtain food products, or for foods inaccessible or inappropriate for a particular population (i.e. allergic to specific components). In addition, some polymers can be used as functional ingredients, and can also represent efficient scaffolds for food ingredients with therapeutic values. This valuable reference is ideal for those looking for new solutions for the food industry. Presents common biopolymers and their applications in food bioengineering, from food design, to control and safety Identifies how the use of certain biopolymers can result in faster production time and reduced costs Includes cutting-edge technologies used in research for food design and other food-related applications Discusses the use of biopolymers in food packaging, shelf-life extension, and the creation of novel food products
Download or read book Microbial Production of Biopolymers and Polymer Precursors written by Bernd Rehm and published by Caister Academic Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by expert, internationally renowned scientists, this comprehensive volume describes in detail the use of microorganisms for the production of the most important biopolymers and polymer precursors.
Download or read book Advances and Trends in Microbial Production of Biopolymers and Their Building Blocks written by Xinjun Feng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-09 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Polymers written by Anukool Vaishnav and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-03 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book cover all types of microbe based polymers and their application in diverse sectors with special emphasis on agriculture. It collates latest research, methods, opinion, perspectives, and reviews dissecting the microbial origins of polymers, their production, design, and processing at industrial level, as well as improvements for specific industrial applications. Book also discusses recent advances in biopolymer production and their modification for amplifying the value. In addition, understanding of the microbial physiology and optimal conditions for polymer production are also explained. This compilation of scientific chapters on principles and practices of microbial polymers fosters the knowledge transfer among scientific communities, industries, and microbiologist and serves students, academicians, researchers for a better understanding of the nature of microbial polymers and application procedure for sustainable ecosystem
Download or read book Biopolymeric Nanomaterials written by Shamsher S. Kanwar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biopolymeric Nanomaterials: Fundamentals and Applications outlines the fundamental design concepts and emerging applications of biopolymeric nanomaterials. The book also provides information on emerging applications of biopolymeric nanomaterials, including in biomedicine, manufacturing and water purification, as well as assessing their physical, chemical and biological properties. This is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers and biomedical scientists who are seeking to increase their understanding of how polymeric nanomaterials are being used for a range of biomedical and industrial applications. Biopolymeric nanomaterials refer to biocompatible nanomaterials, consisting of biopolymers, such as protein (silk, collagen, gelatin, ß-casein, zein, and albumin), protein-mimicked polypeptides and polysaccharides (chitosan, alginate, pullulan, starch, and heparin). Biopolymeric nanomaterials may be used as i) delivery systems for bioactive compounds in food application, (ii) for delivery of therapeutic molecules (drugs and genes), or for (iii) tissue engineering. Provides information on the design concepts and synthesis of biopolymeric nanomaterials in biomedical and industrial applications Highlights the major properties and processing methods for biopolymeric nanomaterials Assesses the major challenges of producing biopolymeric nanomaterials on an industrial scale
Download or read book Microbial Polymers Produced from Residual Biomass Exploring the Potential of Different Microbes written by Luis Alejandro Romero Soto and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microorganisms are important sources of diverse intracellular and extracellular biopolymers having different functions such as serving as carbon and energy reserves, or as protective layers around the cells in the form of capsules and/or biofilms. They have also found use in foods, medicine and other industrial applications. Research on understanding the synthesis of several biopolymers as well as the field of extremophilic microorganisms has revealed that exposure to unfavorable environmental conditions often triggers the synthesis of the biopolymers as a way of protection and survival. This thesis focuses on two types of biopolymers - exopolysaccharides (EPS) and polyhydroxyalkanaotes (PHAs) produced by different microorganisms grown on a variety of residual feedstocks, some of which being prevalent in Bolivia. Integrated production of the two biopolymers or one biopolymer with another co-product is also investigated as a means of resource efficiency and value addition. EPS are carbohydrate polymers present on the surface of several bacteria, and have found applications as food additives to provide structural and sensory properties to the product. PHAs are biodegradable polyesters, produced as storage granules inside the bacterial cells, and are regarded as promising alternatives to fossil based polyolefins like polyethylene and polypropylene. A bacterial isolate BU-4, identified as Bacillus sp. from the hypersaline region of Bolivia, Salar de Uyuni, was used for the production of EPS from readily available agriculture and forestry residues in the country - quinoa stalks and Curupaú sawdust. The bacteria grown on the pretreated quinoa stalk hydrolysate gave the highest EPS yield of 2.73 g/L. Yet another abundantly available residual stream from a brewery, was used as a raw material for the yeast Candida maltosa SM4 to produce microbial biomass and a biopolymer (a polysaccharide) as products, both at high concentrations of 16.97 and 2.33 g/L, respectively. Analysis of process variables including aeration and agitation rates, and statistical optimization of the process were performed to maximize the amount of the target products. Characterization of the polysaccharides from Bacillus sp. and C. maltosa revealed high thermal stability and water retention ability. Ability of another moderate halophile Yangia sp. ND199 to coproduce PHAs and EPS from different carbon sources and under varying cultivation parameters was studied. Growth on sucrose gave the highest EPS yield of 288 mg/L, while fructose gave 259.6 g/L EPS and the highest PHA yield of 3.3 g/L and 84.7% w/w cell dry weight in a medium with 5% w/v NaCl. Finally, a bioprocess for production of hydrogen and PHA was designed comprising two microbial steps, the first involving Caldicellulosiruptor species for anaerobic fermentation of wheat straw hydrolysate to hydrogen, and the second utilizing the liquid effluent with acetate and unconsumed glucose to produce PHA under aerobic conditions using Ralstonia eutropha at a biopolymer yield of 9.4 g/L and 83.4% w/w.
Download or read book Plastics from Bacteria written by George Guo-Qiang Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the possibility that petroleum supplies will be exhausted in the next decades to come, more and more attention has been paid to the production of bacterial pl- tics including polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), biopolyethylene (PE), poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), and poly(p-phenylene) (PPP). These are well-studied polymers containing at least one monomer synthesized via bacterial transformation. Among them, PHA, PLA and PBS are well known for their biodegradability, whereas PE, PTT and PPP are probably less biodegradable or are less studied in terms of their biodegradability. Over the past years, their properties and appli- tions have been studied in detail and products have been developed. Physical and chemical modifications to reduce their cost or to improve their properties have been conducted. PHA is the only biopolyester family completely synthesized by biological means. They have been investigated by microbiologists, molecular biologists, b- chemists, chemical engineers, chemists, polymer experts, and medical researchers for many years. PHA applications as bioplastics, fine chemicals, implant biomate- als, medicines, and biofuels have been developed. Companies have been est- lished for or involved in PHA related R&D as well as large scale production. It has become clear that PHA and its related technologies form an industrial value chain in fermentation, materials, feeds, and energy to medical fields.
Download or read book Polymeric Materials with Antimicrobial Activity written by Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of different antimicrobial polymeric materials, their antimicrobial action modes and applications.
Download or read book Biotechnology of Biopolymers written by Magdy Elnashar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Biotechnology of Biopolymers omprises 17 chapters covering occurrence, synthesis, isolation and production, properties and applications, biodegradation and modification, the relevant analysis methods to reveal the structures and properties of biopolymers and a special section on the theoretical, experimental and mathematical models of biopolymers. This book will hopefully be supportive to many scientists, physicians, pharmaceutics, engineers and other experts in a wide variety of different disciplines, in academia and in industry. It may not only support research and development but may be also suitable for teaching. Publishing of this book was achieved by choosing authors of the individual chapters for their recognized expertise and for their excellent contributions to the various fields of research.
Download or read book Biopolymers from Renewable Resources written by David L. Kaplan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biopolymers from Renewable Resources is a compilation of information on the diverse and useful polymers derived from agricultural, animal, and microbial sources. The volume provides insight into the diversity of polymers obtained directly from, or derived from, renewable resources. The beneficial aspects of utilizing polymers from renewable resources, when considering synthesis, pro cessing, disposal, biodegradability, and overall material life-cycle issues, suggests that this will continue to be an important and growing area of interest. The individual chapters provide information on synthesis, processing and properties for a variety of polyamides, polysaccharides, polyesters and polyphenols. The reader will have a single volume that provides a resource from which to gain initial insights into this diverse field and from which key references and contacts can be drawn. Aspects of biology, biotechnology, polymer synthesis, polymer processing and engineering, mechanical properties and biophysics are addressed to varying degrees for the specific biopolymers. The volume can be used as a reference book or as a teaching text. At the more practical level, the range of important materials derived from renewable resources is both extensive and impressive. Gels, additives, fibers, coatings and films are generated from a variety of the biopolymers reviewed in this volume. These polymers are used in commodity materials in our everyday lives, as well as in specialty products.
Download or read book Fermentation Products written by Claude Vezina and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Biotechnology, Volume III: Fermentation Products is the third of a series of three volumes and is based on the proceedings of the Sixth International Fermentation Symposium (IFS-6) held in London, Ontario, Canada, 20-25 July 1980. This volume contains 87 papers organized into nine sections. The papers under Section I deal with developments in the field of secondary metabolism (functions of secondary metabolites in the producing organisms; roles of plasmids in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites; and protoplast fusion in industrial microorganisms). Sections II to VII examine the fermentation of antibiotics; amino acids, vitamins, and nucleotides; microbial enzymes; products from immobilized cells and enzymes; mycotoxins; and biopolymers. The final two sections present studies on bioconversions. The volume also includes the invited keynote address of Professor Hamao Umezawa ""Problems and Trends in the Development of New Antibiotics and Other Useful Microbial Products"". This volume will be a valuable resource for students and researchers in industrial microbiology, biochemical engineering and related areas, as well as managers of biotechnology.
Download or read book Biopolymers Processing and Products written by Michael Niaounakis and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2014-09-22 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biopolymers and biodegradable plastics are finding new applications in various sectors, from packaging, to medical, automotive and many more. As synthetic plastics are increasingly replaced by their bioplastic equivalents, engineers are facing new challenges including processing, costs, environmental sustainability and – ultimately – developing successful products. Biopolymers: Processing and Products, the second book of a trilogy dedicated to biopolymers, gives a detailed insight into all aspects of processing, seamlessly linking the science of biopolymers to the latest trends in the development of new products. Processes covered in the book include blending, compounding, treatment, and shaping, as well as the formation of biocomposites. Biopolymer coatings and adhesives are also investigated. This book unique in its coverage contains information retrieved mainly from patents, which form the bulk of the book. The coverage of processing will help engineers and designers to improve output and efficiency of every stage of the product development process, and will form an indispensable tool in selecting the right biopolymer and processing technique for any given application, covering medical, automotive, food packaging and more. It will assist also engineers, material scientists and researchers to improve existing biopolymer processes and deliver better products at lower cost. - Multi-disciplinary approach and critical presentation of all available processing techniques and new products of biopolymers - Contains information not to be found in any other book - Self-contained chapters
Download or read book Biopolymers General Aspects and Special Applications written by A. Steinbüchel and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2001 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The final volume of this encyclopedia addresses such general aspects as methods for the analysis of polymer properties and technical processing. It also provides an overview of special applications in: * electronics * aerospace * medicine and pharmacy * food * packaging * construction * engineering. Further topics included are: biotechnological production of monomers for chemical polymer synthesis, conversion of raw materials, corrosion, composting, environmental impacts, health issues, legal, ecological and economic aspects.
Download or read book Biopolymers and Composites written by Samy A. Madbouly and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-10-04 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing interest in replacing petroleum-based products by inexpensive, renewable, natural materials will have a significant impact on sustainability, environment, and the polymer industry. This book provides scientists a useful framework to help take advantage of the latest research conducted in this rapidly advancing field enabling them to develop and commercialize their own products quickly and more successfully.
Download or read book Biopolyesters written by Wolfgang Babel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Living systems synthesize seven different classes of polymers. They provide structure and form for cells and organisms, function as catalysts and energy storage and carry the genetic information. All these polymers possess technically interesting properties. Some of these biopolymers are already used commercially. This special volume of Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology comprises 10 chapters. It gives an overview of the water insoluble biopolyesters, in particular of the microbially synthesized poly-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) family. It reports the state of the art of metabolism, regulation and genetic background, the latest advances made in genetic optimization of bacteria, "construction" of transgenic plants and in vitro synthesis by means of purified enzymes. Furthermore, it describes relevant technologies and evaluates perspectives concerning increasing the economic viability and competitiveness of PHA and discusses applications in medicine, packaging, food and other fields.
Download or read book Novel Biodegradable Microbial Polymers written by E.A. Dawes and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-10-31 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Advanced Research Workshop from which this book derives was conceived during Biotec-88, the Second Spanish Conference on Biotechnology, held at Barcelona in June 1988. The President of the Conference, Dr. Ricardo Guerrero, had arranged sessions on bacterial polymers which included lectures by five invited participants who, together with Dr. Guerrero, became the Organizing Committee for a projected meeting that would focus attention upon the increasing international importance of novel biodegradable polymers. The proposal found favour with the NATO Science Committee and, with Dr. R. Clinton Fuller and Dr. Robert W. Lenz as the co-Directors, Dr. Edwin A. Dawes as the Proceedings Editor, and Dr. Hans G. Schlegel, Dr. Alexander J.B. Zehnder and Dr. Ricardo Guerrero as members of the Organizing Committee, the meeting quickly took shape. To Dr. Guerrero we owe the happy choice of Sitges for the venue, a pleasant coastal resort 36 kilometres from Barcelona, which proved ideal. The sessions were held at the Palau de Maricel in appropriately impressive surroundings, and invaluable local support was provided by Mr. Jordi Mas-Castella and by Ms. Merce Piqueras. Much of the preparatory work fell upon the broad shoulders of Mr. Edward Knee, whose efforts are deeply appreciated. The Organizing Committee hopes that this Workshop will prove to be the first of a series which will aim to keep abreast of a rapidly expanding and exciting area of research that is highly relevant to environmental and industrial interests.
