Download or read book Methods Measures and Theories in Eyewitness Identification Tasks written by Andrew M. Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods, Measures, and Theories in Eyewitness Recognition Tasks provides a comprehensive review of the fundamental issues surrounding eyewitness recognition phenomena alongside suggestions for developing a more methodologically rigorous eyewitness science. Over the past 40 years, the field of eyewitness science has seen substantial advancement in eyewitness identification procedures, yet theoretical and methodological developments have fallen behind. Featuring contributions from prominent international scholars, this book examines methodological and theoretical limitations and explores important topics, including how to increase the accuracy of identifying perpetrators when using CCTV images, how to create more identifiable facial composites, and the differences in accuracy between younger and older eyewitnesses. Providing in-depth discussion on the limitations of traditional lineups, eyewitness memory fallibility, and the complications that arise when using laboratory simulations, along with suggestions for new methods, this book will be an invaluable resource for researchers in eyewitness recognition, lawyers, players in the criminal justice system, members of innocence commissions, and researchers with interests in cognitive psychology.
Download or read book Methods Measures and Theories in Eyewitness Identification Tasks written by Andrew M. Smith and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods, Measures, and Theories in Eyewitness Recognition Tasks provides a comprehensive review of the fundamental issues surrounding eyewitness recognition phenomena alongside suggestions for developing a more methodologically rigorous eyewitness science. Over the past 40 years, the field of eyewitness science has seen substantial advancement in eyewitness identification procedures, yet theoretical and methodological developments have fallen behind. Featuring contributions from prominent international scholars, this book examines methodological and theoretical limitations and explores important topics, including how to increase the accuracy of identifying perpetrators when using CCTV images, how to create more identifiable facial composites, and the differences in accuracy between younger and older eyewitnesses. Providing in-depth discussion on the limitations of traditional lineups, eyewitness memory fallibility, and the complications that arise when using laboratory simulations, along with suggestions for new methods, this book will be an invaluable resource for researchers in eyewitness recognition, lawyers, players in the criminal justice system, members of innocence commissions, and researchers with interests in cognitive psychology.
Download or read book Identifying the Culprit written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-01-16 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying the Culprit: Assessing Eyewitness Identification makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made. This report explains the science that has emerged during the past 30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness identification research, the report recommends a focused research agenda.
Download or read book Mistaken Identification written by Brian L. Cutler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-08-25 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines traditional safeguards against mistaken eyewitness identification.
Download or read book Eyewitness Identification written by Roger L. Terry and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roger L. Terry grew up in Danbury, Connecticut; and after a year at Danbury High School, he transferred to Deerfield Academy in Massachusetts and graduated in 1954. He started his training in psychology at Yale University, receiving his bachelor of arts degree in 1962. He earned his master of science degree in psychology in 1964 at Auburn University where he spent a year as a graduate assistant teaching introductory psychology. Moving on to the social psychology program at the University of Missouri at Columbia, he was a part-time research assistant and full-time research associate in the Center for Research in Social Behavior, primarily responsible for the collection of survey data from samples of public school teachers in the United States, England, New Zealand, and Australia. His teaching experience included more courses in introductory psychology and conducting the correspondence course in social psychology. He was awarded his doctor of philosophy degree in social psychology in 1968. Upon receiving his doctorate, he joined the psychology faculty of Hanover College in Indiana where he spent the entirety of his postdoctoral career. During that time, he advanced through the academic ranks from assistant professor to associate professor to professor of psychology, including multiple stints as chair of the department of psychology. His primary teaching responsibilities included social psychology; cognitive psychology; social research methods; learning, motivation, and personality theory; and, of course, introductory psychology. He also taught courses in life span development, human sexuality, social conflict, research controversies, and educational psychology and learning disabilities. Periodically, he taught off-campus classes in social psychology, child psychology, educational psychology, and abnormal psychology for Purdue University and Indiana University. All of these courses dealt with the gamut of behavior generally while social psychology covered such specific issues of eyewitness identification as person perception (e.g., impression formation), social judgment (e.g., attribution of responsibility), attitude change (e.g., testimonial persuasiveness), and group dynamics (e.g., jury deliberation); and cognitive psychology dealt extensively with the nature of human memory and forgetting (e.g., face recognition). With respect to postdoctoral research experiences, part of his teaching responsibilities included baccalaureate thesis supervision. Over the years, he consulted and supervised more than one hundred undergraduate research theses on all sorts of behavioral science topics, mostly inspired by the students themselves. He is the sole author or coauthor of more than fifty professional conference presentations at the state, regional, national, and international levels; about seventy-five publications in scientific journals; and countless classroom projects, pretests, and pilot studies. The overwhelming majority of published articles report original research investigations; a few articles are nonempirical without statistical analyses of original data (e.g., literature and book reviews, theoretical statements, etc.). The articles appeared in more than forty different periodicals in the United States and abroad. While most of this research dealt with topics of social and cognitive psychology generally, such specific issues of eyewitness testimony as social perception, impression formation, effects of disguises on face recognition, and lineup bias were covered. These interests can be seen in a sample of a halfdozen references: "Contextual similarities in subjective probabilities of rape and other events" (Journal of Social Psychology 113 [1981]: 293 294), "Social and personality effects of vision correctives" (Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 5 [1990]: 683 695), "How wearing eyeglasses affects facial recognition" (Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social 12 [1993]: 151 162), "
Download or read book The Impact of Technology on the Criminal Justice System written by Emily Pica and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-02-26 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume explores the impact of emerging technologies designed to fight crime and terrorism. It first reviews the latest advances in detecting deception, interrogation, and crime scene investigation, before then transitioning to the role of technology in collecting and evaluating evidence from lay witnesses, police body cameras, and super-recognizers. Finally it explores the role of technology in the courtroom with a particular focus social media, citizen crime sleuths, virtual court, and child witnesses. It shines light on emerging issues, such as whether new norms have been created in the emergence of new technologies and how human behaviour has shifted in response. Based on a global range of contributions, this volume provides an overview of the technological explosion in the field of law enforcement and discusses its successes and failures in fighting crime. It is valuable reading for advanced students in forensic or legal psychology and for practitioners, researchers, and scholars in law, criminal justice, and criminology.
Download or read book Research Handbook on Law and Psychology written by Rebecca Hollander-Blumoff and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-08-06 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Handbook presents a kaleidoscopic view of law and psychology as a multidisciplinary field of study and explores major themes at the intersection of these two scholarly traditions. Adopting an expansive approach, it examines important topics including theories of justice, morality, and legitimacy; social norms; system justification theory; and the role of emotion within law.
Download or read book The Psychology of Eyewitness Identification written by James Michael Lampinen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a tutorial review and evaluation of scientific research on the accuracy and reliability of eyewitness identification. The book starts with the perspective that there are a variety of conceptual and empirical problems with eyewitness identification as a form of forensic evidence, just as there are a variety of problems with other forms of forensic evidence. There is then an examination of the important results in the study of eyewitness memory and the implications of this research for psychological theory and for social and legal policy. The volume takes the perspective that research on eyewitness identification can be seen as the paradigmatic example of how psychological science can be successfully applied to real-world problems.
Download or read book Forensic Facial Identification written by Tim Valentine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic Facial Identification “A broad view of contemporary eyewitness research in both traditional and emerging areas. The international cast of contributors particularly highlights the interplay between law and research across countries — with lessons for all.” Steven D. Penrod, Distinguished Professor, John Jay College of Criminal Justice “At an age where we are relying more than ever on facial identification to ensure public safety, this volume represents an important milestone in ensuring our decisions are informed by the latest developments in technology and science. International experts provide practitioners with an exhaustive review of the tools needed to identify and investigate cases relying on facial identification, be they terror suspects or victims of disaster. What is unique about this book is that experts are encouraged to learn from mistakes made in the past and to equip themselves with theory and science to enable them to best use identification evidence to avoid miscarriages of justice. An outstanding contribution to the field.” Amina Memon, Professor of Psychology Royal Holloway, University of London Forensic Facial Identification provides an up-to-date set of best practices for professionals using eyewitness identification to solve crimes of all kinds. The book brings together a prominent group of contributors to discuss the latest scientific and technical advancements and their implications for practice. The contributors review current procedures for various facial identification methods and discuss their use and reliability. The chapters examine traditional forms of eyewitness identification, such as mugshots and line-ups, but also delve into newer technologies, such as facial identification using CCTV images and computerized automatic face recognition systems. Detailed case studies help put the latest research and technology in the proper legal context. Bridging the fields of psychology, criminology, and law, this essential volume, part of the Wiley Series in Crime, Policing and Law, is for those wishing to stay at the cutting-edge of this expanding and changing field.
Download or read book When Face Recognition Goes Wrong written by Catriona Havard and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-10-29 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Face Recognition Goes Wrong explores the myriad ways that humans and machines make mistakes in facial recognition. Adopting a critical stance throughout, the book explores why and how humans and machines make mistakes, covering topics including racial and gender biases, neuropsychological disorders, and widespread algorithm problems. The book features personal anecdotes alongside real-world examples to showcase the often life-changing consequences of facial recognition going wrong. These range from problems with everyday social interactions through to eyewitness identification leading to miscarriages of justice and border control passport verification. Concluding with a look to the future of facial recognition, the author asks the world’s leading experts what are the big questions that still need to be answered, and can we train humans and machines to be super recognisers? This book is a must-read for anyone interested in facial recognition, or in psychology, criminal justice and law.
Download or read book Forensic Psychology written by David A. Crighton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY Explore the theory, research, and practice of forensic psychology with this collection of resources from recognized leaders in the field The newly revised Third Edition of Forensic Psychology delivers insightful coverage of the theory and applications of forensic psychology. The book combines authoritative scholarship with an unprecedented breadth of international coverage and constitutes an essential resource for all aspects of contemporary forensic and criminal psychology. The new edition addresses issues of equality, diversity, and inclusion in each section, as well as the uses and abuses of power in forensic contexts. The book takes a constructively critical approach to the dominant theories, policy, and practices of today, as opposed to being merely descriptive, and considers new and developing areas, like the prevention of sexual violence at universities. Forensic Psychology comprehensively addresses the application of modern forensic techniques and practices to the civil and criminal justice systems in the United Kingdom. Each chapter concludes with some specific suggestions for further reading. Additionally, readers will enjoy the inclusion of a wide variety of topics, like: A thorough discussion of investigative and clinical practice, including the politics of forensic psychology, offender profiling, eyewitness testimony, and jury decision making An examination of clinical and risk assessments, including reviews of the key legal issues and principles involved in risk assessments, the role of structured instruments and protocols, and coverage of actuarial and structured clinical methods Discussions of working with criminalized populations in prisons and forensic mental health facilities A treatment of psychology in the courts with an emphasis on the courts of England and Wales Perfect for graduate level students in forensic psychology courses, Forensic Psychology will also earn a place in the libraries of qualified forensic psychologist practitioners and postgraduate students seeking to improve their understanding of forensic psychology with a high-quality international textbook underpinned by considerations of human rights and ethical standards.
Download or read book Advances in Psychology and Law written by Brian H. Bornstein and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-25 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents nine new state-of-the-science chapters covering topics relevant to psychology and law, from established and emerging researchers in the field. Relevant to researchers, clinical practitioners, and policy makers, topics include discussions of rape and sexual assault, eyewitness identification, body-worn cameras, forensic gait analysis, evaluations and assessments, veteran’s experiences, therapeutic animals and wrongful convictions.
Download or read book Face Perception written by Andy Young and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-15 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human faces are unique biological structures that convey a complex variety of important social messages. Even strangers can tell things from our faces – our feelings, our locus of attention, something of what we are saying, our age, sex, and ethnic group, whether they find us attractive or approachable. Face Perception, second edition, has been thoroughly updated throughout, providing an up-to-date, integrative summary by two authors who have helped to develop and shape the field. The book begins with the foundations of face perception before considering what is known about how we see different things in faces. It concludes with a discussion of how face perception relates to wider questions involving interpersonal perception and re-examines the question of what makes faces ‘special’. The importance of integrating different research perspectives and asking critical theoretical questions is emphasised throughout, to develop a distinctive point of view of the area. Written in a clear and accessible style, this is invaluable reading for all students and researchers interested in studying face perception and social cognition.
Download or read book The Impact of Internal and External Influences on Memory and their Relevance to Legal Decisions written by Fabiana Battista and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-02 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fallibility of memory has been often demonstrated. A plethora of studies has focused on external influences that can affect memory reports, such as suggestive questioning. Adopting different paradigms (e.g., misinformation, memory conformity), the recurrent pattern of findings of these studies is that suggestion can make people prone to falsely recall details that were never experienced (i.e., commission errors, false details). In addition, suggestion can make them unable to recall truly experienced events or event-related details. However, internal influences can also affect memory. One such internal influence is deception. In the last decade, several studies have investigated how memory can be affected by deception. Specifically, these studies have shown that a person who has intentionally deceived the listener about an experienced event, subsequently when the person comes forward with the truth shows an impaired memory for such an event. This line of research examined the detrimental effects on memory by taking into account different strategies to deceive (e.g., false denials, feigned amnesia, and fabrication) and found that the memory outcomes due to deception can vary based on the strategy used to deceive. A number of studies has also demonstrated that another type of deception - known as self-deception - can influence our memory. This strategy relies on the act of deceiving our own selves and seems to reduce the recall of negative memories. The understanding of the effects of external (e.g., suggestion) and internal (e.g., deception, self-deception) on memory is important, not only in order to gain more fundamental information on how memory works, but also because of the relevance of memory functioning within the legal context. Memory distortions, for example, inaccurate eyewitness testimony, can lead to impactful legal decisions, such as wrongful convictions. Several studies have underlined the harmful consequences of distorted statements. Additional support is found in databases from various worldwide associations who strive to obtain fair justice for people involved in wrongful convictions cases (for instance, www.innocenceproject.org). Therefore, it is important that researchers continue to provide evidence on the mnemonic impact of internal and external factors that influence legal practitioners to help avoid miscarriages of justice.
Download or read book On the Witness Stand written by Hugo Münsterberg and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Familiarity and Conviction in the Criminal Justice System written by Joanna Pozzulo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eyewitness research has focused mainly on stranger identification, but identification is also critical for the "familiar stranger", and understanding how variability in an eyewitness's familiarity with the perpetrator may influence recall and recognition accuracy will facilitate swifter and more just resolutions to crime. Familiarity and Conviction in the Criminal Justice System examines the notion of familiarity between an eyewitness/victim and a perpetrator, ranging from complete unfamiliarity (as with a total stranger) to a very familiar other. Authors Joanna Pozzulo, Emily Pica, and Chelsea Sheahan define what is meant by "familiarity" in an eyewitness context and how it has been operationalized and manipulated, exploring factors that may interact with familiarity and examining jurors' perceptions of it. The first half of the book draws on various sub-areas of psychology to understand familiarity against the backdrop of eyewitness identification: social psychology theories of how familiarity is established; cognitive psychology and its theories of recognition; face processing literature; and eyewitness literature. The second half of the book surveys system and estimator variables that influence identification, such as lineup procedures, interviewing techniques, the role of age, race, and more; as well as how familiarity is weighed in juror decision-making. A final chapter issues a call for continuing research examining the notion of familiarity and its impact on the criminal justice system.
Download or read book Evaluating Eyewitness Identification written by Brian Cutler and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-25 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic mental health assessment (FMHA) has grown into a specialization informed by research and professional guidelines. This series presents up-to-date information on the most important and frequently conducted forms of FMHA. The 19 topical volumes address best approaches to practice for particular types of evaluation in the criminal, civil, and juvenile/family areas. Each volume contains a thorough discussion of the relevant legal and psychological concepts, followed by a step-by-step description of the assessment process from preparing for the evaluation to writing the report and testifying in court. Volumes include the following helpful features: · Boxes that zero in on important information for use in evaluations · Tips for best practice and cautions against common pitfalls · Highlighting of relevant case law and statutes · Separate list of assessment tools for easy reference · Helpful glossary of key terms for the particular topic In making recommendations for best practice, authors consider empirical support, legal relevance, and consistency with ethical and professional standards. These volumes offer invaluable guidance for anyone involved in conducting or using forensic evaluations.
