Download or read book A History of Metallurgy in India written by Gurprit Singh and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-01-20 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metals and their knowledge have have been important in historic as well as pre-historic ages. Many of the pre-historic artefacts are still a wonder to the modern man. When we visit places like Ajanta, Ellora caves, Konark Temple at Bhubaneshwar, Taj Mahal at Agra, Qutb Minar and Ashoka Pillar at Delhi, we look with awe the craftsmanship of the sculptors and metal workers. A strong culture of technology is necessary for creation of such masterpieces.The monuments made of stones needed a few basic metal implements: chisels and hammers. How did these originate? Before the making of basic metal tools, stone based tools were only available which were heavy and got blunted easily and could not be used for agriculture. Metal tools are harder, last longer and are re-workable. Thus it is said that with the proliferation of metal usage, agriculture and stock-raising expanded many times. Also the villages prospered and towns came into being.Copper was the first metal man had contact with. The first copper used was native copper. Copper metallurgy in India dates back to the start of the Chalcolithic culture in the sub-continent. The Harappans extensively used Copper and Bronze to make knives, daggers, arrowheads, axes, chisel, bangles, bracelets and beads.The source of metal is the next point to think of. Was the metal obtained in a native state or extracted from ore? Also the usage of flux then to remove gangue as slag needs pondering. The shape and capacity of the furnace used is also important. Whether the metal was used as it is or alloyed with some other metal, is another query? The process of solidification by casting or the object formation by forge-welding/forging is another question. Such questions need to be answered to know about the scientific basis and technical skills of the Copper smelters and smiths in ancient times.But there are no direct answers. Answers are hidden under artefacts, furnaces, slags and other archaeological evidences. World over we find a well-marked sequence of usage of metals: copper-arsenical, copper-tin, bronze, iron, occurs which may suggest a diffusion process. However, we do not get the full sequence and in some parts we go from Neolithic technology to an Early Iron Age civilization. For a long time, the theory of the diffusion of ideas and techniques has been generally. But now, the long held general diffusional thesis for spread of metallurgy has come under cloud. The second metal iron was used in India after Copper and Bronze, as in other parts of the world and in India it was made indigenously. One may recall mastery in metal casting from the Indus times with the shining example of the dancing girl, cast in Bronze by cire purdue process. Subsequently, heavy tools and implements have been found in the copper hoards in the gangetic plains during 2000-1500 BCE. The modern day Zinc was already being produced in India in 12th to 13th centuries in the Zawar region of Rajasthan. The Ashoka Pillar at Mehraulli created in the 4th-5th century CE is a wonder having withstood 1600 monsoons which testifies its extraordinary qualitative feature. Wootz known worldwide as the famous Damascus steel was another product from master craftsmen of India many centuries years ago. The medieval period saw the emphasis on producing war implements and the Shahi Karkhanas came up and master craftsmen from West Asia came to make large iron cannons which started replacing bronze cannons.The remarkable skills of the Indian Metallurgists did get lost to the world during British rule possibly due to the 1857 mutiny after which making of firearms including the famous swords was halted. Mines were closed and even the miners were extinct. The arrival of the British saw the synergy of indigenous Indian metallurgy and western technology. Later came up the Indian Iron and Steel company and Tata Iron and Steel companies.This book is an introduction to the history of metallurgy in India since Ancient times.
Download or read book Mining and Metallurgy in Ancient India written by Rina Shrivastava and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illustrations: 4 Maps and 47 B/w Illustrations Description: This is one of the few well documented, well-researched and well-presented book on the history of mining and metallurgy in ancient India based on archaeological, literary and ethnological evidences and on first hand knowledge of various mining sites. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, this work of about 300 pages consists chapters on mineral ores in ancient India, gold, silver, copper and bronze, iron and zinc. This book also contains 4 maps and 47 illustrations.
Download or read book Early Indian Metallurgy written by Paul Craddock and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most studies of ancient technology have hitherto been based on the civilisations of the Mediterranean and Middle East, especially those of Egypt, Greece and Rome. In this volume the extraordinarily well preserved remains at three major mining and metal production sites in the Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan (Agucha, Dariba and Zawar) were revealed. At these sites, by survey and archaeological excavation, the authors, studied the long-term development of mining and smelting activity over 3000 years. At Dariba and Agucha silver was mined by the Mauryan Empire on a colossal scale over 2,000 years ago. At Zawar the Mauryan mines seem to have produced mainly zinc oxide, but in the Medieval period zinc metal was produced by advanced processes of high temperature distillation, almost certainly the earliest commercial zinc production in the world. Here the laboratory processes described in the early Indian scientific works were developed into major industrial processes, the birth of chemical industry at least 500 years before similar developments began in Europe. The authors also analyse the decline and rebirth of extractive metallurgy in India.
Download or read book Indian Metallurgy written by R. Divakar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book marks the Platinum Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Metals, closely matching independent India's age. It is envisaged as a compilation of technical articles tracing the birth and growth trajectory of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in the nation, attempting a degree of prognostication covering the next quarter of a century. It contains the essence of the metallurgical research and development and industrial progress India has witnessed in the last 75 years. This book comprises technical articles written by industry leaders and eminent technocrats. It includes overviews by distinguished researchers who have strived to build foundations of new metallurgical research and engineering fields. It includes learned writings of persons associated with premier institutions heavily dependent on metallurgy and materials. They have made seminal contributions by nurturing the growth of metallurgical research and industrial production or have made first-hand contributions to building the great organisations we have today. Coinciding with the Platinum Jubilee year of the Indian Institute of Metals, this book brings out the enormous efforts of these individuals representing their organisations to share insights that led to their success as an entity. Similarly, several professionals who significantly contributed to the understanding of metallurgical engineering, have held important positions and steered the national strategic programmes or academically nurtured students in their illustrious careers also share their journey in this book. This book chronicles the significant advances made in the field of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in India, presenting the historical perspective and prospects in the format of a technical volume.
Download or read book Applied Metallurgy and Corrosion Control written by Amiya Kumar Lahiri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a comprehensive resource on metals and materials selection for the petrochemical industrial sector. The petrochemical industry involves large scale investments, and to maintain profitability the plants are to be operated with minimum downtime and failure of equipment, which can also cause safety hazards. To achieve this objective proper selection of materials, corrosion control, and good engineering practices must be followed in both the design and the operation of plants. Engineers and professional of different disciplines involved in these activities are required to have some basic understanding of metallurgy and corrosion. This book is written with the objective of servings as a one-stop shop for these engineering professionals. The book first covers different metallic materials and their properties, metal forming processes, welding, and corrosion and corrosion control measures. This is followed by considerations in material selection and corrosion control in three major industrial sectors, oil & gas production, oil refinery, and fertilizers. The importance of pressure vessel codes as well as inspection and maintenance repair practices have also been highlighted. The book will be useful for technicians and entry level engineers in these industrial sectors. Additionally, the book may also be used as primary or secondary reading for graduate and professional coursework.
Download or read book Archaeometallurgy in India written by Vibha Tripathi and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at the National Seminar on Indian Archaeometallurgy held at Banaras Hindu University in Oct. 1991.
Download or read book PHYSICAL METALLURGY PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Third Edition written by RAGHAVAN, V. and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This well-established book, now in its Third Edition, presents the principles and applications of engineering metals and alloys in a highly readable form. This new edition retains all the basic topics covered in earlier editions such as phase diagrams, phase transformations, heat treatment of steels and nonferrous alloys, shape memory alloys, solidification, fatigue, fracture and corrosion, as well as applications of engineering alloys. A new chapter on ‘Nanomaterials’ has been added (Chapter 8). The field of nano-materials is interdisciplinary in nature, covering many disciplines including physical metallurgy. Intended as a text for undergraduate courses in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, the book is also suitable for students preparing for associate membership examination of the Indian Institute of Metals (AMIIM) and other professional examinations like AMIE.
Download or read book Material Science and Metallurgy written by Jindal and published by Pearson Education India. This book was released on 2011 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Material Science and Metallurgy is presented in a user-friendly language and the diagrams give a clear view and concept. Solved problems, multiple choice questions and review questions are also integral part of the book. The contents of the book ar
Download or read book EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY written by DUTTA, SUJAY KUMAR and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primarily intended for the undergraduate students of metallurgical and materials engineering, this textbook will help the students to grasp the subject matter of extractive metallurgy in a simple and easy-to-understand manner. It presents a comprehensive view of extractive metallurgy, especially principles and fundamental aspects, in a concise form. The book explains various concepts step by step by narrating their importance. Even without much of background in specialized subjects, the students will be able to understand the topics without any difficulty. It covers a brief summary of the metallurgical processes including physical chemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, and heat/mass balance. Many of the scientific and engineering aspects of unit processes have been discussed. Applications of metallurgical thermodynamics and kinetics to the process metallurgy are explained as well. All basic concepts and definitions related to metal extraction are also covered.
Download or read book Iron in Ancient India written by Panchanan Neogi and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metal Technology in Medieval India written by Sayed Jafar Mahmud and published by Daya Books. This book was released on 1988 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research is a pioneering addition to create an awareness and understanding of India s tradition of metal technology its development as well as its spread in different parts of the country. The usefulness of the tract is enhanced by the detailed discussion of the different mines, in different parts of the country, the method of extraction, the composition of different metals in their mined forms, the tools used and the methods of refining. Further, it also describes the manufacture of different objects. The book gives a brief account of mines, mining and products from historical records. In doing so, the author also provides scientific explanation wherever it is needed. Having visited the sites and the working of the process personally, the author provides an authentic account which is not merely extracted from historical and other records. Contents Chapter 1: History of Iron and Steel; Chapter 2: Location of Iron Mines; Chapter 3: Mining; Chapter 4: Smelting; Chapter 5: Steel; Chapter 6: Malleable Iron; Chapter 7: Bar Iron; Chapter 8: Smithy; Chapter 9: Location of Some of the Copper Mines; Chapter 10: Copper Metallurgy; Chapter 11: Zinc Metallurgy; Chapter 12: Gold and Silver; Chapter 13: Fine Metal-Work; Chapter 14: Bidri Metallurgy.
Download or read book Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes written by M. Shamsuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-29 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers various metallurgical topics, viz. roasting of sulfide minerals, matte smelting, slag, reduction of oxides and reduction smelting, interfacial phenomena, steelmaking, secondary steelmaking, role of halides in extraction of metals, refining, hydrometallurgy and electrometallurgy. Each chapter is illustrated with appropriate examples of applications of the technique in extraction of some common, reactive, rare or refractory metal together with worked out problems explaining the principle of the operation.
Download or read book Chemical Metallurgy written by Chiranjib Kumar Gupta and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 831 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical metallurgy is a well founded and fascinating branch of the wide field of metallurgy. This book provides detailed information on both the first steps of separation of desirable minerals and the subsequent mineral processing operations. The complex chemical processes of extracting various elements through hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical or electrometallurgical operations are explained. In the choice of material for this work, the author made good use of the synergy of scientific principles and industrial practices, offering the much needed and hitherto unavailable combination of detailed treatises on both compiled in one book.
Download or read book Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium written by A.K. Suri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth and development witnessed today in modern science, engineering, and technology owes a heavy debt to the rare, refractory, and reactive metals group, of which niobium is a member. Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium presents a vivid account of the metal through its comprehensive discussions of properties and applications, resources and resource processing, chemical processing and compound preparation, metal extraction, and refining and consolidation. Typical flow sheets adopted in some leading niobium-producing countries for the beneficiation of various niobium sources are presented, and various chemical processes for producing pure forms of niobium intermediates such as chloride, fluoride, and oxide are discussed. The book also explains how to liberate the metal from its intermediates and describes the physico-chemical principles involved. It is an excellent reference for chemical metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, extraction and process metallurgists, and minerals processors. It is also valuable to a wide variety of scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in the topic.
Download or read book Concepts in Physical Metallurgy written by Lavakumar Avala and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-05-02 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progress of civilization can be, in part, attributed to their ability to employ metallurgy. This book is an introduction to multiple facets of physical metallurgy, materials science, and engineering. As all metals are crystalline in structure, it focuses attention on these structures and how the formation of these crystals are responsible for certain aspects of the material's chemical and physical behaviour. Concepts in Physical Metallurgy also discusses the mechanical properties of metals, the theory of alloys, and physical metallurgy of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys.
Download or read book Metallurgy in Antiquity written by Robert James Forbes and published by Brill Archive. This book was released on 1950 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles of Engineering Metallurgy written by L Krishna Reddy and published by New Age International. This book was released on 2007 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Presents The Basic Principles Of Metallurgy Which Serves As A Text Book For Students Of Mechanical, Production And Metallurgical Engineering In Polytechnics, Engineering Colleges And Also For Amie (India) Students. Practising Engineers Can Also Use This Book To Sharpen Their Knowledge.This Text Book Covers In A Lucid And Concise Manner, The Basic Principles Of Extraction Process, Phase Diagrams, Heat Treatment Deformation Of Metals And Many Other Aspects Useful For A Metallurgist.
