Download or read book Metallothionein III and Its Association with Alzheimer s Disease written by Gayle Ann Chapman and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metallothionein III and S100 Modulate Neuronal Activity and Survival written by Wai Haung Yu and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized at postmortem by the deposition of amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. Plaques are primarily composed of amyloid-ß (Aß) peptide, while tangles are assembled from abnormally phosphorylated microtubule associated tau protein. Both are morphologically fibrous structures and directly neurotoxic. These pathological events are accompanied by reactive gliosis and extensive neuronal loss leading to clinical dementia. The central focus of this thesis is that dysregulation of metal binding growth factors and their relationship to astrocyte function, contributes to AD pathogenesis. These studies focus on metallothionein-III (MT-III) and S100ß, which are zinc-binding factors with altered expression in AD. The role of these proteins was also assessed in conjunction with astrocyte function and its relationship to amyloid toxicity. MT-III is a potent inhibitor of neurite growth and a comprehensive examination was performed to determine its relative expression level in AD and control cases. Immunoblotting, histochemistry and analysis of mRNA levels revealed that MT-III is significantly reduced in AD tissue. Furthermore, nucleosome structure alterations suggested a non-functional MT-III promoter. Loss of normal inhibitory MT-III activity is proposed as a factor for abnormal neuritic sprouting observed in AD. Reduced MT-III may have additional consequences as demonstrated by its ability to sequester zinc and protect against the metal-induced aggregation and toxicity of the Aß peptide. As a counterpart to MT-III, S100ß induces neurite outgrowth and is significantly elevated in AD. We have shown that S100ß directly interacts with tau and that this binding is inhibited by the hyperphosphorylation associated within AD related neurofibrillary tangles. In neuron-like cells, S100ß was internalized and co-localized with intracellular tau, which was potentiated by the addition of exogenous zinc. Tau phosphorylation was unaltered but S100ß uptake was accompanied by extensive neurite outgrowth. This suggests that S100ß may regulate tau function and disruption of this pathway, either by changes in its expression level or metal imbalances, may contribute to the disease process. Astrocytes are key to S100ß and MT-III activity and they provide support for neurons under stress conditions. The role of astrocytes was examined we have ascertained that, with aging, these cells exhibit a diminished cytokine response and a reduced capacity to protect cells from amyloid toxicity. Similar effects are proposed to occur in aged individuals and lead to a greater susceptibility to neuronal loss. Overall, these studies indicate a number of pathways involving MT-III and S100ß that, along with their glial partners, can promote Alzheimer's disease-like pathological events.
Download or read book Structural and Functional Studies of the Neuronal Growth Inhibitory Factor Human Metallothionein 3 written by Hui Wang and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Structural and Functional Studies of the Neuronal Growth Inhibitory Factor, Human Metallothionein-3" by Hui, Wang, 王暉, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF THE NEURONAL GROWTH INHIBITORY FACTOR, HUMAN METALLOTHIONEIN-3 Submitted by WANG Hui for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in August 2007 Alzheimer''s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive loss of neurons accompanied by the formation of intraneural neurofibrillary tangles and extracellar amyloid plaques. The brain specific member of the metallothionein (MT) family, metallothionein-3 inhibits the growth and survival of neurons whose down-regulation can lead to the enhancement of neurotrophic activity in Alzheimer Disease''s brain. Due to the distinct biological activity, MT-3 is also identified as a growth inhibitory factor (GIF). The solution structure of the α-domain of human MT-3 (residue 32-68) has been determined by multinuclear and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy in combination with the molecular dynamic simulated annealing approach. Human MT-3 shows two metal-thiolate clusters, the M Cys cluster in the N-terminus (β-domain) and the M Cys 3 9 4 11 cluster in the C-terminus (α-domain). The overall fold of the α-domain is similar to that of mouse MT-3. However, human MT-3 has a longer loop in the acidic hexapeptide insertion than that of mouse MT-3. Surprisingly, the backbone dynamics of the protein revealed that the β-domain exhibits similar internal motion to the α-domain, although the N-terminal residues are more flexible. With additional residual dipolar couplings (RDCs), the structure refinements of the two domains were performed respectively. For the α-domain, after refinement, the overall fold is essentially identical to that obtained without such RDCs constraints only with a slight movement in the acidic loop towards the metal ions. On the other hand, for the β-domain, the additional two sets of RDCs make it possible to determine the structure of the flexible β-domain, and the refined structures of the β-domain showed a different 113 overall fold from other MTs. Furthermore, Cd NMR studies on the mutants P7SP9A- hMT-3 and C30S/∆33-35-hMT-3 revealed their different characteristics of the metal- thiolate clusters. It is known that nitric oxide (NO) has a pivotal role in zinc toxicity in neurons. The nitrosylation of thiols in metallothioneins (MTs), which is mediated by NO, possibly results in the ''somatic'' zinc release by destroying the metal-thiolate clusters. By using 113 1 15 Cd and 2D [ H, N] HSQC NMR spectroscopy, the NO-induced metal release from human MT-3 was examined, and the structural changes associated with the interaction was monitored. The NMR technique allows the individual metal release from the protein and the associated structural changes of the protein at level of individual residue to be monitored. The exposure of human MT-3 to NO leads to a non-selective release of the three metals from the β-domain. In contrast to MT-1/2, two of the bound metals in the α- domain were also partially released with the domain structure remained almost unchanged. Further addition of NO resulted in complete release of metals and concomitant unfolding of the protein. The preference of metal release in the α-domain was attributed to the two different coordination environment for the four cadmium/zinc atoms. The results of the structural and biochemical studies may provide useful informa
Download or read book Metallothioneins in Biochemistry and Pathology written by Paolo Zatta and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metallothioneins (MTs) represent a large family of proteins characterized by high heavy metal content (mainly CuII and ZnII) and by an unusual cysteine abundance. They have a powerful protective function in all animal tissues, due most likely to their properties as free radical scavengers protecting against oxidative damage. Moreover, the presence and overexpression of MTs in various pathological conditions, such as metal dyshomeostasis, cell proliferation, neurological disorders, and chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance, could be used as an important prognostic marker, as a histopathological diagnostic tool, and to follow specific pharmacological treatments.This important book explores the role of MTs in the field of neurological disorders (brain inflammation, Alzheimer's and prion diseases, autism, ALS, etc.), cardiology (cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis), and oncology (melanoma, prostate and breast cancer), through authoritative contributions and a description of basic biochemical information and paradigmatic pathological events.
Download or read book Metallothionein Family written by Gemma Comes Orpinell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetics Neurology Behavior and Diet in Dementia written by Colin R Martin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior, and Diet in Dementia: The Neuroscience of Dementia, Volume 2 consolidates different fields of dementia research into a single book, covering a range of subjects, including Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia, mixed dementia, vascular dementia, physical activity, risk factors, mortality, biomarkers, SPECT, CT, MRI, questionnaires, nutrition, sleep, delirium, hearing loss, agitation, aggression, delusions, anxiety, depression, hallucinations, psychosis, senile plaques, tau and amyloid-beta, neuroinflammation, and molecular biology. This foundational, comprehensive book assembles the latest understanding on all dementias and their common features in a single source. It is an invaluable resource for neuroscientists, neurologists, and anyone in the field. Offers comprehensive coverage of a broad range of topics related to dementia Serves as a foundational collection for neuroscientists and neurologists on the biology of dementia and brain dysfunction Contains in each chapter an abstract, key facts, mini dictionary of terms, and summary points to aid in understanding Provides unique sections on specific subareas, intellectual components, and knowledge-based niches that will help readers navigate key areas for research and further clinical recommendations Features preclinical and clinical studies to help researchers map out key areas for research and further clinical recommendations Serves as a "one-stop" source for everything you need to know about dementia
Download or read book Metallomics written by Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the new Omics area, Metallomics. As Metallomics is intrinsically a transdisciplinary area, this book is authored by experts in the field on such diverse topics as Environmental, Nuclear, and Human Metallomics. Within these topics metals play important role, as being part of biomolecules, controlling different biochemical process, being signaling agents, being catalyst of biochemical reactions, among others. This volume demonstrates the importance of more investigation about metals and their interactions with biomolecules. As the knowledge in this field is growing and growing daily, then new challenges concerning studies involving Metallomics is appearing, such as comparative metallomics, speciation metallomics, real-time metallomics, new predictions of metals in biomolecules, metalloprotein databank expansion, interactions between metalloprotein-metalloprotein, among others.
Download or read book Handbook of Brain Tumor Chemotherapy written by Herbert B. Newton and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-19 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatment of patients with a brain tumor remains one of the most challenging and difficult areas of modern oncology. Recent advances in the molecular biology of these neoplasms have improved our understanding of the malignant phenotype and have lead to the development of novel forms of chemotherapy, including "targeted agents. The Handbook of Brain Tumor Chemotherapy reviews the state-of-the-art of chemotherapy development and clinical treatment of patients with this devastating disease. Handbook of Brain Tumor Chemotherapy offers a unique cutting-edge compendium of basic science and clinical information on the subject of brain tumor chemotherapy, reviewing what has been accomplished thus far and how the field will continue to evolve with the development of more specific and efficacious chemotherapeutic agents. This book represents the most complete single-volume resource available for information on the subject of brain tumor chemotherapy. - Provides the most up to date information regarding conventional forms of cytotoxic chemotherapy, as well as the basic science and clinical application of molecular therapeutics, for the treatment of brain tumors - Broadly appeals to anyone interested in the field of Neuro-Oncology and in the treatment of patients with brain tumors - Useful to clinicians interested in a thorough overview of the use of chemotherapy in patients with a broad range of brain tumors as well as serving as a source of background information to basic scientists and pharmaceutical researchers with an interest in the molecular therapeutics of brain tumors
Download or read book Trace Elements and Minerals in Health and Longevity written by Marco Malavolta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-13 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the role of trace elements in health and longevity, pursuing a biogerontological approach. It offers essential information on the impact of trace elements on molecular and physiological processes of aging, and on their impact on health in connection with aging. The major topics covered in its 11 chapters, each dedicated to a specific trace element or mineral, are: a) Role of the element in species longevity, b) Recommended intake for longevity in animal species and in the elderly, c) Deficiency and age-related disease, d) Excess/toxicity and age-related disease, and e) Interactions with drugs prescribed in the elderly. Clinical, animal and other laboratory models of interest in aging are included, which enable a more in-depth analysis to be made. The respective chapters are a mixture of overviews and more in-depth reviews in which the mechanisms of aging are described from the point of view of their specific interactions with trace elements and minerals.
Download or read book Metallothioneins in Biochemistry and Pathology written by Paolo Zatta and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metallothioneins (MTs) represent a large family of proteins characterized by high heavy metal content (mainly CuII and ZnII) and by an unusual cysteine abundance. They have a powerful protective function in all animal tissues, due most likely to their properties as free radical scavengers protecting against oxidative damage. Moreover, the presence and overexpression of MTs in various pathological conditions, such as metal dyshomeostasis, cell proliferation, neurological disorders, and chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance, could be used as an important prognostic marker, as a histopathological diagnostic tool, and to follow specific pharmacological treatments.This important book explores the role of MTs in the field of neurological disorders (brain inflammation, Alzheimer's and prion diseases, autism, ALS, etc.), cardiology (cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis), and oncology (melanoma, prostate and breast cancer), through authoritative contributions and a description of basic biochemical information and paradigmatic pathological events.
Download or read book Plant Metal Interaction written by Parvaiz Ahmad and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-02-02 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Metal Interaction: Emerging Remediation Techniques covers different heavy metals and their effect on soils and plants, along with the remediation techniques currently available. As cultivable land is declining day-by-day as a result of increased metals in our soil and water, there is an urgent need to remediate these effects. This multi-contributed book is divided into four sections covering the whole of plant metal interactions, including heavy metals, approaches to alleviate heavy metal stress, microbial approaches to remove heavy metals, and phytoremediation. - Provides an overview of the effect of different heavy metals on growth, biochemical reactions, and physiology of various plants - Serves as a reference guide for available techniques, challenges, and possible solutions in heavy metal remediation - Covers sustainable technologies in uptake and removal of heavy metals
Download or read book Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants written by Ismail Laher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this collection of illustrated reviews is to discuss the systems biology of free radicals and anti-oxidants. Free radical induced cellular damage in a variety of tissues and organs is reviewed, with detailed discussion of molecular and cellular mechanisms. The collection is aimed at those new to the field, as well as clinicians and scientists with long standing interests in free radical biology. A feature of this collection is that the material also brings insights into various diseases where free radicals are thought to play a role. There is extensive discussion of the success and limitations of the use of antioxidants in several clinical settings.
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Lead written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Inorganic Chemistry written by Ivano Bertini and published by University Science Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part A.: Overviews of biological inorganic chemistry : 1. Bioinorganic chemistry and the biogeochemical cycles -- 2. Metal ions and proteins: binding, stability, and folding -- 3. Special cofactors and metal clusters -- 4. Transport and storage of metal ions in biology -- 5. Biominerals and biomineralization -- 6. Metals in medicine. -- Part B.: Metal ion containing biological systems : 1. Metal ion transport and storage -- 2. Hydrolytic chemistry -- 3. Electron transfer, respiration, and photosynthesis -- 4. Oxygen metabolism -- 5. Hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur metabolism -- 6. Metalloenzymes with radical intermediates -- 7. Metal ion receptors and signaling. -- Cell biology, biochemistry, and evolution: Tutorial I. -- Fundamentals of coordination chemistry: Tutorial II.
Download or read book Metallothionein IV written by C. Klaasen and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Proceedings of the Fourth International Metallothionein Meeting (MT-97) feature the latest research on metallothionein. The book covers a broad range of topics which provide important information for both basic and clinical investigators. The selected 94 articles in this book are written by the leading scientists in the field around the world. This is an increasingly important, multi-disciplinary area of study that has benefitted from recent advances in concepts and methodologies from other fields.
Download or read book Copper in Drinking Water written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-12 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safety of the nation's drinking water must be maintained to ensure the health of the public. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating the levels of substances in the drinking water supply. Copper can leach into drinking water from the pipes in the distribution system, and the allowable levels are regulated by the EPA. The regulation of copper, however, is complicated by the fact that it is both necessary to the normal functioning of the body and toxic to the body at too high a level. The National Research Council was requested to form a committee to review the scientific validity of the EPA's maximum contaminant level goal for copper in drinking water. Copper in Drinking Water outlines the findings of the committee's review. The book provides a review of the toxicity of copper as well as a discussion of the essential nature of this metal. The risks posed by both short-term and long-term exposure to copper are characterized, and the implications for public health are discussed. This book is a valuable reference for individuals involved in the regulation of water supplies and individuals interested in issues surrounding this metal.
Download or read book The Role of Glia in Neurotoxicity written by Michael Aschner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-28 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the latest research in glial cell function gleaned from new techniques in imaging and molecular biology, The Role of Glia in Neurotoxicity, Second Edition covers multiple aspects of glial cells, including morphology, physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, pathology, and their involvement in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases.
