Download or read book Metabolic Stress in Dairy Cows written by John D. Oldham and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book B Group Vitamins written by Jean Guy LeBlanc and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B-group vitamins are involved in numerous metabolic reactions and their widespread deficiency can cause a large series of health problems. The aim of this book is to provide an update on the current use and perspectives of B-group vitamins. Novel methods to detect folates in pregnant women, the use and role of folate dentistry, the use of genotype notification to modify food intake behavior, thiamin metabolism in Archaea and its role in plants and in crop improvement, the use of riboflavin in blood safety and niacin in metabolic stress and resistance in dairy cows are some of the subjects that are described in this multitopic book written by authors from seven different countries.

Download or read book Late gestation Metabolic Stress in Dairy Cattle written by Renato May Rossi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite improvements made in the dairy industry and advances on heifer management, calf morbidity and mortality are still high. Calves rely on colostrum ingestion for acquisition of passive immunity, and provision of insufficient quantity of colostrum may lead these animals to failure of transfer passive immunity, hence leading to higher risks of morbidity and mortality. Many farms do not have sufficient colostrum available at times to feed their calves. Synthesis of colostrum starts few weeks before calving and it is at the time when cows are experiencing augmented metabolic adaptations due to increasing nutrient demands for fetal growth, colostrogenesis, and preparation for the onset of lactogenesis. The study described in Chapter 2 aimed to compare the metabolic status of dairy cows during the last 6 wk of gestation based on colostrum volume and Ig content across seasons during a year. The results in the latter study suggest that greater availability of antioxidants might support the production of higher volumes of colostrum. Therefore, the study reported in Chapter 3, aimed to evaluate whether administering a dietary antioxidant supplement during the last 3 weeks of gestation improves colostrum volume and immunoglobulin content. Our results showed that DATS increased colostrum volume. However, despite finding higher volume of colostrum in treatment group with statistical differences compared to control, the distribution of colostrum volume between groups are relatively the same, as well for IgG, IgM, and IgA.

Download or read book Metabolic Diseases in Farm Animals written by Jack M. Payne and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metabolic Diseases in Farm Animals discusses metabolic diseases in farm livestock, focusing on four clinical syndromes—parturient hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, ketosis, and bloat. This book discusses metabolic disorders associated with water, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The parturient paresis, which causes considerable metabolic stress and disrupts the daily pattern of feeding and digestion of dairy cows is also elaborated. This text covers the changes in mineral metabolism at parturition; factors predisposing dairy cows to parturient paresis; cause of paresis in milk fever; and downer syndrome in dairy cows. The complexity of energy metabolism and its associated disorders are likewise described. This publication is a good source for veterinarians and livestock farmers concerned with metabolic diseases in farm animals.

Download or read book Individual Variability in Physiological Adaptation to Metabolic Stress During Early Lactation in Dairy Cows Kept Under Equal Conditions written by Simone Kessel and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Environment on Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1981-02-01 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Designing Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.

Download or read book Niacin Metabolic Stress and Insulin Resistance in Dairy Cows written by Marko Cincović and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The periparturient period in cows is associated with metabolic stress and a state of negative energy balance, which are characterized by increased lipolysis, ketogenesis, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Such metabolic changes may exert adverse effects on the health and milk yield of lactating cows. The pharmacokinetics of niacin in ruminants is specific as rumen microorganisms facilitate both the synthesis of tryptophan and the degradation of niacin. Niacin administration to cows leads to an increase in the coenzyme activity, encompassing the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). These coenzymes are actively involved in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates, whereas NAD protects the organism from oxidative stress. In periparturient cows, the supplementation of niacin has been found to induce depressed lipolysis and a limited impact of nonesterified fatty acids on all metabolic processes. It also results in decreased lipid peroxidation regardless of the magnitude of lipolysis in the periparturient period. Furthermore, niacin reduces the concentration of ketone bodies, thus preventing the development of fatty lever disease and ketosis in cows. The anti-inflammatory effect of niacin is manifested in stimulating the secretion of adiponectin and inhibiting immune cells.

Download or read book Metabolic Diseases of Ruminants An Issue of Veterinary Clinics Food Animal Practice written by Thomas Herdt and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-07-28 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A current, comprehensive issue on metabolic diseases for the food animal practitioner. Topics include obesity and insulin resistance in dairy cows, ketosis therapy, use of serum NEFA and BHBA concentrations in herd-level assessment, mineral nutrition in transition diets, protein, fat, and energy in dairy transition diets, prophylactic calcium therapy in peripartum dairy cows, metabolic regulators of feed intake, assessing and managing body condition score for the prevention of metabolic disease, and more!

Download or read book Bovine Reproduction written by Richard M. Hopper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 2206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine Reproduction is a comprehensive, current reference providing information on all aspects of reproduction in the bull and cow. Offering fundamental knowledge on evaluating and restoring fertility in the bovine patient, the book also places information in the context of herd health where appropriate for a truly global view of bovine theriogenology. Printed in full color throughout, the book includes 83 chapters and more than 550 images, making it the most exhaustive reference available on this topic. Each section covers anatomy and physiology, breeding management, and reproductive surgery, as well as obstetrics and pregnancy wastage in the cow. Bovine Reproduction is a welcome resource for bovine practitioners, theriogenologists, and animal scientists, as well as veterinary students and residents with an interest in the cow.

Download or read book Environmental Physiology of Livestock written by R. J. Collier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-07 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental stress is one of the most significant factors affecting livestock performance and health, and it is only expected to increase with effects of global warming. Environmental Physiology of Livestock brings together the latest research on environmental physiology, summarizing progress in the field and providing directions for future research. Recent developments in estimating heat stress loads are discussed, as well as key studies in metabolism, reproduction, and genetic expressions. Environmental Physiology of Livestock begins with a survey of current heat indexing tools, highlighting recent discoveries in animal physiology, changes in productivity levels, and new technologies available to better estimate stress response. Using this synopsis as a point of orientation, later chapters hone in on major effects of heat stress, including changing metabolic pathways and nutrient requirements, endocrine regulation of acclimation to environmental stress, and reduced reproductive performance. The text concludes with a thorough discussion of environmental effects on gene expressions, providing important insight for future breeding practices. Environmental Physiology of Livestock is a globally contributed volume and a key resource for animal science researchers, geneticists, and breeders.

Download or read book Heat Stress and Animal Productivity written by Anjali Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Anjali Aggarwal is working as a Senior Scientist at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). She holds a PhD degree in Animal Physiology and is involved in research and teaching at post-graduate level. Her area of research work is stress and environmental physiology. She has more than 50 publications, two technical bulletins, four manuals and many book chapters to her credit. She has successfully guided many post-graduate and PhD students. Her major research accomplishments are on microclimatic modification for alleviation of heat and cold stress, mist and fan cooling systems for cows and buffaloes, and use of wallowing tank in buffaloes. Her work involves the use of technology of supplementing micronutrients during dry period and early lactation to crossbred and indigenous cows for alleviating metabolic and oxidative stress and improved health and productivity. Studies are also done in her lab on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes as a result of exercise or exposure to heat stress. Dr. R.C. Upadhyay is working as Head, Dairy Cattle Physiology Division at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). He graduated in Veterinary Sciences and obtained his PhD degree in Animal Physiology. His area of recent research is climate change, stress, and environmental physiology. His major research accomplishment is on climate change impact assessment of milk production and growth in livestock. His work also involves studying methane conversion and emission factors for Indian livestock and use of IPCC methodology of methane inventory of Indian livestock. Heat shock protein-70 expression studies in cattle and buffaloes are also done in his lab. Draught animal power evaluation, fatigue assessment, work-rest cycle and work limiting factors form the highlights of his work. Studies on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes and electrocardiographic studies in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat are also undertaken in his lab. He has more than 75 research papers, four books and several book chapters to his credit. Technologies developed and research done by him include methodology of methane measurement: open and closed circuit for cattle and buffaloes; inventory of methane emission from livestock using IPCC methodology; livestock stress index: thermal stress measurement based on physiological functions; and draught power evaluation system and large animal treadmill system. He received training in Radio-nuclides in medicine at Australian School of Nuclear Technology, Lucas heights, NSW, Australia in 1985 and Use of radioisotopes in cardiovascular investigations at CSIRO, Prospect, NSW, Australia, during 1985-86. He has guided several post-graduate and PhD students. He is recipient of Hari Om Ashram Award-1990 (ICAR) for outstanding research in animal sciences.

Download or read book Lost in Transition Genetic Transcriptomic and Breeding Aspects of Metabolic Robustness in Dairy Cows written by Ngoc-Thuy Ha and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition phase of dairy cows is marked by severe metabolic stress resulting from a discrepancy of a high energy demand for rapidly increasing milk production and limited feed intake. Here, a failure in metabolic adaptation results in an increased susceptibility to health problems. However, even under the same environmental factors and production lev-el, the variability of how each cow deals with metabolic load is substantial, leading to the hypothesis that there might be an underlying genetic basis. The main goal of this thesis is to study this genetic basis from different points of v...

Download or read book Metabolic Inflammation and Immunomodulation in Dairy Cows written by Kai Yuan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition period in dairy cows is characterized by dramatic increases in nutrient requirements for lactation and substantial metabolic stress. The disturbed metabolic balance, coupled with suppressed immune function, contributes to markedly elevated incidence of health disorders. Several lines of evidence suggest that increased inflammation is common during the transition period. Unlike the classical inflammation associated with acute infection, the postpartum inflammatory state is low-grade and often of metabolic origin. This metabolic inflammation plays a key role in numerous disorders; an improved understanding of inflammatory pathways in transition cows may improve our ability to predict and prevent disorders. To mimic metabolic inflammation, in Experiment 1, we administered low amounts of recombinant bovine tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] (rbTNF[alpha]), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, to early lactation cows, and evaluated whether rbTNF[alpha] affects milk production, metabolism, and health. We found that rbTNF[alpha] administration increased systemic inflammation, decreased feed intake and milk yield, and increased incidence of disorders. Conversely, preventing excessive inflammation has the potential to improve productivity and health of dairy cows. To identify nutritional strategies that could enhance metabolism and immunity, we evaluated the efficacy of several feed additives. In Experiment 2, we evaluated effects of chromium propionate, rumen-protected lysine and methionine, or both on metabolism and immunity in lactating dairy cows, and found that supplementation of these nutrients may enhance neutrophil function. In Experiment 3, we determined whether supplementation of yeast product to transition cows could enhance production, metabolism, and immunity, and found that yeast product modulated feeding behavior, metabolism, immunity, and uterine inflammation. Overall, a greater understanding of the role of metabolic inflammation in the transition period and the nutritional strategies that could modulate these signals may improve the production and health of dairy cows.

Download or read book Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant written by Peter J. Van Soest and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monumental text-reference places in clear persepctive the importance of nutritional assessments to the ecology and biology of ruminants and other nonruminant herbivorous mammals. Now extensively revised and significantly expanded, it reflects the changes and growth in ruminant nutrition and related ecology since 1982. Among the subjects Peter J. Van Soest covers are nutritional constraints, mineral nutrition, rumen fermentation, microbial ecology, utilization of fibrous carbohydrates, application of ruminant precepts to fermentive digestion in nonruminants, as well as taxonomy, evolution, nonruminant competitors, gastrointestinal anatomies, feeding behavior, and problems fo animal size. He also discusses methods of evaluation, nutritive value, physical struture and chemical composition of feeds, forages, and broses, the effects of lignification, and ecology of plant self-protection, in addition to metabolism of energy, protein, lipids, control of feed intake, mathematical models of animal function, digestive flow, and net energy. Van Soest has introduced a number of changes in this edition, including new illustrations and tables. He places nutritional studies in historical context to show not only the effectiveness of nutritional approaches but also why nutrition is of fundamental importance to issues of world conservation. He has extended precepts of ruminant nutritional ecology to such distant adaptations as the giant panda and streamlined conceptual issues in a clearer logical progression, with emphasis on mechanistic causal interrelationships. Peter J. Van Soest is Professor of Animal Nutrition in the Department of Animal Science and the Division of Nutritional Sciences at the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University.

Download or read book Associations of Pre and Post partum Lying Time with Metabolic Status Health Survival and Performance of Dairy Cows written by Juan M. Piñeiro and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dairy cattle have strong behavioral need to rest and deprivation of their lying time (LT) has been associated with lameness and changes in feeding behavior and endocrinological milieu. However, the effects of LT during the transition period on metabolic stress, inflammation, health and performance have not yet been fully investigated. Therefore, the following tree specific aims were conducted. A total of 1052 Holstein cattle (401 nulliparous heifers and 651 parous cows) from 3 commercial dairy farms were enrolled for this prospective cohort study. The first aim (Chapter 3) was to evaluate the association of pre- and postpartum lying time (LT) on calcium and energy balance (NEFA and BHB), inflammation (haptoglobin and hemogram), and health status of dairy cows. Prepartum LT had significant quadratic association on serum NEFA concentration, but was not significantly associated with serum Ca concentration within 48 h after calving. Increased LT within 14 DIM was associated with increased risk of diagnosis with ketosis within 14 DIM, inflammation, and incidence of postpartum diseases. Findings from this study suggest that LT along with Ca and energy balance are critical for transition cow health. The second aim (Chapter 4) was to assess the association of post-partum LT on milk yield, components (milk fat and protein percentage), and somatic cell count (SCC). Milk yield at first DHIA test was not associated with LT within the first 14 DIM, but was negatively correlated with the daily coefficient of variation (CV) of LT within 14 DIM. However, health status was associated with milk yield and components, and health status was associated with LT within 14 DIM. The third aim (Chapter 5) was to evaluate the association of lying time (LT) within the first 14 days in milk (DIM) and health status on culling within 60 DIM, cyclicity, and reproductive performance. LT had a positive linear association with culling, for every hour increment of LT within 14 DIM the culling risk within 60 DIM increased by 1 percentage point, and negative quadratic association with cyclicity at 42 DIM. Multiparous cows with a LT of 9-13 h/d had greater probability of pregnancy up to 300 DIM compared to cows with a LT >13 h/d. These findings suggest that there is an optimum daily LT range for early postpartum cows housed in freestall barns, different than reported for mid lactation cows, with the potential for improved reproductive performance.

Download or read book Ruminant Physiology written by Pierre Cronjé and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology (ISRP) is the premier forum for presentation and discussion of advances in knowledge of the physiology of ruminant animals. This book brings together edited versions of the keynote review papers presented at the symposium.