Download or read book Senescence written by Jolanta Dorszewska and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the second half of the twentieth century, life expectancy was prolonged, and the number of elderly people increased. The effect of population aging increases in the frequency of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, epilepsy, and stroke. Also, a higher incidence of infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignant cancers is observed in elderly people. The aging process is difficult to define. Are physiological changes in elderly people controlled by specific genes? Is aging process a pathophysiology affecting different organs with different severity? Finding answers to these questions may help prevent age-related diseases and improve the quality of life of old people. This book was made as a compendium on contemporary challenges in senescence.

Download or read book Annual Plant Reviews Senescence Processes in Plants written by Susheng Gan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scientific and economic significance of plant senescence means that much effort has been made to understand the processes involved and to devise means of manipulating them agriculturally. During the past few years there has been considerable progress in this regard, especially in the molecular, genetic and genomic aspects. Senescence has a tremendous impact on agriculture. For example, leaf senescence limits crop yield and biomass production, and contributes substantially to postharvest loss in vegetable and ornamental crops during transportation, storage and on shelves. In addition, proteins, antioxidants and other nutritional compounds are degraded during senescence. Senescing tissues also become more susceptible to pathogen infection, and some of the pathogens may produce toxins, rendering food unsafe. Mitotic senescence may also determine sizes of leaves, fruits and whole plants. This volume summarizes recent progresses in the physiology, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, genomics, proteomics, and biotechnology of plant senescence. Beginning with a chapter on senescence-related terminology and our current knowledge of mitotic senescence in plants (a less well-studied area), the book focuses on post-mitotic senescence, and includes chapters addressing the senescence of leaves, flowers and fruits. Later chapters examine the development of various new biotechnologies for manipulating the senescence processes of fruit and leaves, some of which are approaching commercialization. The book is directed at researchers and professionals in plant molecular genetics, physiology and biochemistry.

Download or read book Senescence Signalling and Control in Plants written by Maryam Sarwat and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Senescence Signalling and Control in Plants discusses the studies showing the importance of hormone action on developmental senescence. It shows the involvement of various signaling components (such as EIN2, LOX2) and transcription factors (such as oresara1 or ORE1) in controlling hormonal activity during senescence. Further, the involvement of various micro RNAs (miR164, miR319) in regulating leaf senescence are discussed. Through this book, the authors throw light on all the reverse and forward genetic approaches to reveal the role of various other phytohormones regulating plant senescence and the molecular mechanisms involved. Chapters on relevant topics are contributed by experts working in the area, making this a comprehensive treatise designed to provide an in-depth analysis on the subject matter. - Throws light on the involvement of hormones (other than the well- known hormones cytokine and ethylene) in plant senescence - Shows the underlying mechanisms on the hormonal actions during senescence - Exhibits the involvement of microRNAs during this important plant developmental process

Download or read book Sunflowers written by Juan Ignacio Arribas and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a broad number of recent discoveries, advances and important results concerning sunflower (Helianthus annus) crops and its related fields, with emphasis on the detailed study of several diseases and pests that can affect sunflowers (production, water resources needed, economy impact) in different regions of the globe, including Russia, both North and South America, Africa, India and Europe. We are all well aware of the increasing importance, as well as the economic impact that these plants have reached in recent years, not only in the food industry but also in the western energy market, with the increasing use of sunflower oil as a natural energy resource for biodiesel and biofuel. Apart from the interesting recent advances, results and conclusions presented in every chapter, plenty of visual and graphical content comprised of tables, charts, graphs, pictures and high quality detailed photographs and images showing different issues and problems regarding sunflower crops are also included. The manuscript chapters have been authored by experts in the field and in addition all of them underwent a stringent peer review process by expert reviewers to assure a high final scientific quality.

Download or read book Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress Fourth Edition written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-06 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the third edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, continuous discoveries in the fields of plant and crop environmental stresses and their effects on plants and crops have resulted in the compilation of a large volume of the latest discoveries. Following its predecessors, this fourth edition offers a unique and comprehensive collection of topics in the fields of plant and crop stress. This new edition contains more than 80% new material, and the remaining 20% has been updated and revised substantially. This volume presents 10 comprehensive sections that include information on soil salinity and sodicity problems; tolerance mechanisms and stressful conditions; plant/crop responses; plant/crop responses under pollution and heavy metal; plant/crop responses under biotic stress; genetic factors and plant/crop genomics under stress conditions; plant/crop breeding under stress conditions; empirical investigations; improving tolerance; and beneficial aspects of stressors. Features: Provides exhaustive coverage written by an international panel of experts in the field of agriculture, particularly in plant/crop stress areas Contains 40 new chapters and 10 extensively revised and expanded chapters Includes three new sections on plant breeding, stress exerted to weeds by plants, and beneficial aspects of stress on plants/crops Numerous case studies With contributions from 100 scientists and experts from 20 countries, this Handbook provides a comprehensive resource for research and for university courses, covering soil salinity/sodicity issues and plant/crop physiological responses under environmental stress conditions ranging from cellular aspects to whole plants. The content can be used to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies to mitigate plant/crop stress problems. This new edition includes numerous tables, figures, and illustrations to facilitate comprehension of the material as well as thousands of index words to further increase accessibility to the desired information.

Download or read book Advances in Oil Crops Research Classical and New Approaches to Achieve Sustainable Productivity written by Dragana Miladinović and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Senescence and Aging in Plants written by L.D. Nooden and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Senescence and Aging in Plants reviews the state of knowledge in the processes involved in plant senescence and aging. The book begins by discussing the emergence of senescence as a concept; experimental analysis of senescence; and patterns of senescence. It then examines membrane deterioration during senescence; photosynthesis in relation to leaf senescence; senescence of detached plant organs; changing patterns of nucleic acid and protein synthesis during senescence; and degradative and associated assimilatory aspects of nitrogen removal. This is followed by chapters on aspects of ethylene that may impinge upon its role in promoting senescence of higher plants; the role of cytokinins in plant senescence; the promoters and retardants of senescence; and the role of calcium in plant senescence. The concept of whole plant senescence is discussed, which can be subdivided into patterns, correlative controls, cessation of vegetative growth, declining assimilatory processes, assimilate partitioning, and hormonal controls. The final chapters cover the deterioration of cellular membranes during the plant aging process and seed aging.

Download or read book Senescence and Senescence Related Disorders written by Wang Zhiwei and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-20 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Senescence is a biological process that causes a progressive deterioration of structure and function of all organs chronologically. Recent studies have revealed the detailed molecular mechanisms of senescence using cell culture system and experimental organisms. It is thought that senescence is a potential cause for the development of various age-related disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. This book discusses in detail senescence and its related diseases by distinguished researchers and practicing clinicians. The cumulative knowledge from the studies could lead to developing new approaches for anti-senescence interventions.

Download or read book Photosynthesis Productivity and Environmental Stress written by Parvaiz Ahmad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-11-04 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to environmental fluctuations that examines photosynthesis under both controlled and stressed conditions Photosynthesis, Productivity and Environmental Stress is a much-needed guide that explores the topics related to photosynthesis (both terrestrial and aquatic) and puts the focus on the basic effect of environmental fluctuations. The authors—noted experts on the topic—discuss photosynthesis under both controlled and stressed conditions and review new techniques for mitigating stressors including methods such as transgeneics, proteomics, genomics, ionomics, metabolomics, micromics, and more. In order to feed our burgeoning world population, it is vital that we must increase food production. Photosynthesis is directly related to plant growth and crop production and any fluctuation in the photosynthetic activity imposes great threat to crop productivity. Due to the environmental fluctuations plants are often exposed to the different environmental stresses that cause decreased photosynthetic rate and problems in the plant growth and development. This important book addresses this topic and: Covers topics related to terrestrial and aquatic photosynthesis Highlights the basic effect of environmental fluctuations Explores common stressors such as drought, salinity, alkalinity, temperature, UV-radiations, oxygen deficiency, and more Contains methods and techniques for improving photosynthetic efficiency for greater crop yield Written for biologists and environmentalists, Photosynthesis, Productivity and Environmental Stress offers an overview of the stressors affecting photosynthesis and includes possible solutions for improved crop production.

Download or read book Iron and zinc translocation from senescent leaves to grains of wheat Triticum aestivum cv Akteur in response to nitrogen fertilization and citric acid application written by Nunun Barunawati and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-11-02 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die Mikronährstoffe Fe und Zn werden von Samen für die Entwicklung des Keimlings benötigt. Getreidekörner besitzen geringe Fe und Zn Gehalte und sind deshalb eine schlechte Quelle dieser Mikronährstoffe für die menschliche Ernährung.Um eine Anreicherung von Mikronährstoffen in Getreidekörnern zu erreichen, müssen jene aufgenommen, von der Wurzel zu Blättern oder Stängeln transloziert und von seneszenten Blättern oder Stängeln in die sich entwickelnden Körner retransloziert werden. Es ist bekannt, dass Stickstoffernährung eine wichtige Rolle bei der Retranslokation von Mikronährstoffen spielt, da die Anregung der Synthese von N-haltigen Fe Chelatoren wie Nikotianamin und Phytosiderophoren zu einer erleichterten Langstreckentranslokation dieser Metalle führen kann. Andererseits könnte eine N Düngung auch entgegengerichtet wirken, da dadurch Seneszenz verzögert wird und Mikronährstoffe in vegetativen Organen festgehalten werden. Bisher wurden die meisten Studien zu Mirkronährstoffretranslokation während der Blattseneszenz in hydroponischer Kultur oder in Topfexperimenten durchgeführt. Die hier vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte deshalb den Effekt unterschiedlicher N Düngungsformen auf Blattseneszenz und Mikronährstoffanreicherung in Weizenkörnern (Triticum aestivum cv. Akteur) unter Feldbedingungen in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Jahren. Es wurde beobachtet, dass die Seneszenz des Fahnenblattes durch N Düngung verzögert war und zwar besonders dann, wenn N in Form von Nitrat oder Ammonium angeboten wurde, wohingegen Harnstoff weniger effektvoll war. In beiden Feldexperimenten führte die Zugabe von Ammonium nach der Blüte zu einem erhöhten Fe und Zn Gehalt in den Körnern. Dies lässt darauf schließen, dass diese Behandlung eine vielversprechende Strategie zur verbesserten Anreicherung dieser Mikronährstoffen in Weizenkörnern darstellt. Die Stickstoffversorgung führte auch zu erhöhten Nikotianamingehalten in Blättern und Blattexudaten, wohingegen die Phytosiderophorkonzentrationen weit weniger von den N Behandlungen beeinflusst waren. In einem Versuch die Fe und Zn Mobilisierung zu verbessern wurde Zitrat auf seneszierende Blätter von Freilandweizen gesprüht und die Mikronährstoffanreicherung in den Körnern gemessen. In N-gedüngten Pflanzen erhöhte die Zitratapplikation die Zitratexudation von seneszierenden Blättern nicht und die Fe und Zn Anreicherung in Körnern blieb unverändert. In ungedüngten Pflanzen hingegen erhöhte die Zitratapplikation die Zitratgehalte in den Exudaten seneszenter Blätter und führte zu signifikant erhöhten Fe Gehalten in den Körnern. In diesem Fall ist der positive Effekt der Zitratapplikation höchstwahrscheinlich auf eine verbesserte Fe Solubilisierung durch Zitrat in den Fahnenblättern zurück zu führen, da diese Behandlung keinen Effekt auf die Nikotianamin- und Phytosiderophorgehalte hatte. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass N Düngung die Fe und Zn Anreicherung von Weizenkörnern verbessern kann und zwar besonders dann, wenn die unterschiedlichen Effekte der N Düngerform berücksichtigt werden, während die Zitratapplikation zu keiner erhöhten Fe und Zn Anreicherung in den Körnern geführt hat.

Download or read book Nutrient Acquisition by Plants written by Hormoz BassiriRad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-30 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an integrated review of the mechanisms controlling plant nutrient uptake and how plants respond to changes in the environment. Among key topics covered are: soil nutrient bioavailability; root responses to variations in nutrient supply; nitrogen fixation; root architecture; life span; mycorrhizae; responses to climate change. The book helps us understand the mechanisms that govern present-day plant communities and to predict the response of plants to a changing climate.

Download or read book The Chemical Biology of Plant Biostimulants written by Danny Geelen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces readers to the chemical biology of plant biostimulants This book brings together different aspects of biostimulants, providing an overview of the variety of materials exploited as biostimulants, their biological activity, and agricultural applications. As different groups of biostimulants display different bioactivity and specificity, advances in biostimulant research is illustrated by different examples of biostimulants, such as humic substance, seaweed extracts, and substances with hormone-like activities. The book also reports on methods used to screen for new biostimulant compounds by exploring natural sources. Combining the expertise of internationally-renowned scientists and entrepreneurs in the area of biostimulants and biofertilisers, The Chemical Biology of Plant Biostimulants offers in-depth chapters that look at: agricultural functions and action mechanisms of plant biostimulants (PBs); plant biostimulants from seaweed; seaweed carbohydrates; and the possible role for electron shuttling capacity in elicitation of PB activity of humic substances on plant growth enhancement. The subject of auxins is covered next, followed closely by a chapter on plant biostimulants in vermicomposts. Other topics include: exploring natural resources for biostimulants; the impact of biostimulants on whole plant and cellular levels; the impact of PBs on molecular level; and the use of use of plant metabolites to mitigate stress effects in crops. Provides an insightful introduction to the subject of biostimulants Discusses biostimulant modes of actions Covers microbial biostimulatory activities and biostimulant application strategies Offers unique and varied perspectives on the subject by a team of international contributors Features summaries of publications on biostimulants and biostimulant activity The Chemical Biology of Plant Biostimulants will appeal to a wide range of readers, including scientists and agricultural practitioners looking for more knowledge about the development and application of biostimulants.

Download or read book Enhancing the Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization in Plants written by Sham S. Goyal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-08-22 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest advancements and innovations in regulating the nitrogen levels in your crops Enhancing the Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization in Plants examines current research to present an overview of inorganic nitrogen uptake and metabolism in plant life and crop production. This comprehensive resource is divided into sections for quick and easy reference, focusing on physiology and adaptive mechanisms, molecular genetics, and applied aspects. The world’s leading experts in agronomy, crop science, and plant physiology analyze the most effective methods and management practices to ensure maximum plant growth and production. Enhancing the Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization in Plants develops links between basic and applied research and practical crop production. This unique book addresses a wide range of topics that relate to nitrogen use efficiency, and to plant and crop responses to applications of nitrogen via fertilizers, including nitrogen acquisition and reduction; crop rotation; molecular approaches, genetics, and markers; balanced fertilization and controlled-release fertilizers; nitrogen decline, supply, and demand; crop breeding; radiation use; nutrient deficiency and toxicity; nitrate induction and signaling; nitrogen transport; and nitrogen use at the leaf and canopy level . Enhancing the Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization in Plants examines: plant responses to changes in the supply of the two inorganic nitrogen sources of nitrate and ammonium root system control mechanisms of nitrogen uptake nitrate uptake and reduction in higher and lower plants how nitrogen affects biomass production in a canopy nitrogen’s effects on radiation interception and radiation use efficiency senescence and photosynthesis the regulation of nitrogen and carbon metabolisms by sugars and nitrogen metabolites integrated nitrogen fertilization the use of legumes for soil improvement root system control mechanisms fertility and crop nutrient demand chemical and biological processes that influence nitrogen transformation or loss the use of simulation models to measure water and nutrient transport in soils and much more Enhancing the Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization in Plants is an invaluable classroom aid for academics working in plant physiology and agronomy, and an essential professional resource for researchers working in plant and crop production.

Download or read book Plant Respiration written by Hans Lambers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiration in plants, as in all living organisms, is essential to provide metabolic energy and carbon skeletons for growth and maintenance. As such, respiration is an essential component of a plant’s carbon budget. Depending on species and environmental conditions, it consumes 25-75% of all the carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis – even more at extremely slow growth rates. Respiration in plants can also proceed in a manner that produces neither metabolic energy nor carbon skeletons, but heat. This type of respiration involves the cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase; it is unique to plants, and resides in the mitochondria. The activity of this alternative pathway can be measured based on a difference in fractionation of oxygen isotopes between the cytochrome and the alternative oxidase. Heat production is important in some flowers to attract pollinators; however, the alternative oxidase also plays a major role in leaves and roots of most plants. A common thread throughout this volume is to link respiration, including alternative oxidase activity, to plant functioning in different environments.

Download or read book Phytohormones in Abiotic Stress written by Dhandapani Raju and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-06-14 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are continuously exposed to different environmental stresses that negatively impact their physiology and morphology, resulting in production reduction. As a result of constant pressure, plants evolve different mechanisms for sustenance and survival. Hormones play a major role in defences against the stresses and stimulate regulatory mechanisms. One of the ways through which they mitigate stress is via the production of hormones like auxins, ethylene, jasmonic acid, etc. The phytohormones help in signaling and enhance the chances of their survival. Plant hormones play many vital roles from integrating developmental events, physiological and biochemical processes to mediating both abiotic and biotic stresses. This book aims to highlight these issues and provide scope for the development of tolerance in crops against abiotic stresses to maximize yield for the growing population. There is an urgent need for the development of strategies, methods and tools for the broad-spectrum tolerance in plants supporting sustainable crop production under hostile environmental conditions. The salient features are as follows: • It includes both traditional and non-traditional phytohormones and focuses on the latest progress emphasizing the roles of different hormones under abiotic stresses. • It provides a scope of the best plausible and suitable options for overcoming these stresses and puts forward the methods for crop improvement. • It is an amalgamation of the biosynthesis of phytohormones and also provides molecular intricacies and signalling mechanisms in different abiotic stresses. • This book serves as a reference book for scientific investigators from recent graduates, academicians and researchers working on phytohormones and abiotic stresses.

Download or read book Brassinosteroids Plant Growth and Development written by Shamsul Hayat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The entire range of the developmental process in plants is regulated by a shift in the hormonal concentration, tissue sensitivity and their interaction with the factors operating around the plants. Phytohormones play a crucial role in regulating the direction of plant in a coordinated fashion in association with metabolism that provides energy and the building blocks to generate the form that we recognize as a plant. Out of the recognized hormones, attention has largely been focused on Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic acid, Ethylene and more recently on Brassinosteroids. In this book we are providing the information about a brassinosteroids that again confirm its status as phytohormones because it has significant impact on various aspects of the plant life and its ubiquitous distribution throughout the plant kingdom. Brassinosteroids are generating a significant impact on plant growth and development, photosynthesis, transpiration, ion uptake and transport, induces specific changes in leaf anatomy and chloroplast structure. This book is not an encyclopedia of reviews but includes a selected collection of newly written, integrated, illustrated reviews describing our knowledge of brassinosteroids. The aim of this book is to tell all about brassinosteroids, by the present time. The various chapters incorporate both theoretical and practical aspects and may serve as baseline information for future researches through which significant development is possible. It is intended that this book will be useful to the students, teachers and researchers, both in universities and research institutes, especially in relation to biological and agricultural sciences.

Download or read book Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism written by C.H. Foyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to many textbooks, carbohydrates are the photosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration fluctuate in a circadian manner in almost every unique final products of plant photosynthesis. However, the photoautotrophic production of organic organism studied. In addition, external triggers and environmental influences necessitate precise and nitrogenous compounds may be just as old, in appropriate re-adjustment of relative flux rates, to evolutionary terms, as carbohydrate synthesis. In the algae and plants of today, the light-driven assimilation prevent excessive swings in energy/resource provision of nitrogen remains a key function, operating and use. This requires integrated control of the alongside and intermeshing with photosynthesis and expression and activity of numerous key enzymes in respiration. Photosynthetic production of reduced photosynthetic and respiratory pathways, in order to carbon and its reoxidation in respiration are necessary co-ordinate carbon partioning and nitrogen assim- ation. to produce both the energy and the carbon skeletons required for the incorporation of inorganic nitrogen This volume has two principal aims. The first is to into amino acids. Conversely, nitrogen assimilation provide a comprehensive account of the very latest developments in our understanding of how green is required to sustain the output of organic carbon cells reductively incorporate nitrate and ammonium and nitrogen. Together, the sugars and amino acids into the organic compounds required for growth.