Download or read book Mercury Oxidation Via Catalytic Barrier Filters Phase II written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2004, the Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory awarded the University of North Dakota a Phase II University Coal Research grant to explore the feasibility of using barrier filters coated with a catalyst to oxidize elemental mercury in coal combustion flue gas streams. Oxidized mercury is substantially easier to remove than elemental mercury. If successful, this technique has the potential to substantially reduce mercury control costs for those installations that already utilize baghouse barrier filters for particulate removal. Completed in 2004, Phase I of this project successfully met its objectives of screening and assessing the possible feasibility of using catalyst coated barrier filters for the oxidation of vapor phase elemental mercury in coal combustion generated flue gas streams. Completed in September 2007, Phase II of this project successfully met its three objectives. First, an effective coating method for a catalytic barrier filter was found. Second, the effects of a simulated flue gas on the catalysts in a bench-scale reactor were determined. Finally, the performance of the best catalyst was assessed using real flue gas generated by a 19 kW research combustor firing each of three separate coal types.

Download or read book Performance Testing of Mercury Oxidation Via Catalytic Barrier Filters written by Jason Alan Hrdlicka and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mercury Oxidation Across the Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR Unit written by Ana Suarez Negreira and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants represent 32% of the total anthropogenic mercury emissions in the United States (60 tons in 2012, 2000 tons worldwide). In recent years, public concern has increased due to the long-term irreversible effects of mercury on the environment and human health. As a result, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed in December 2011 the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS); which require U.S. natural gas and coal-fired power plants to install air pollution control devices to prevent 91% of the Hg present in flue gas from being released. Currently, there are several air pollution control devices designed to reduce Hg emissions in power plants and whose working principles depend on the nature of the mercury species. Mercury is present in the flue gas in three forms: elemental (Hg0), oxidized (Hg+2) and particulate (HgP). Oxidized Hg is highly soluble in aqueous solutions, as compared to the insoluble and nonreactive Hg0, thus allowing for the removal of the former by conventional air pollution control devices. As a matter of fact, the promotion of Hg0 oxidation along the path of the flue gas from the boiler to the stack is currently the best approach to remove it by using current emission control technologies. The catalytic oxidation of mercury can be obtained through specific Hg oxidation catalysts such as noble metals or as a co-benefit of existing control technologies such as the Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) unit for NOx reduction. The latter option would be particularly attractive due to the associated low economic investment, since 40% of electricity from coal sources is produced in power plants that are already equipped with SCR units. However, little is known about the fate of mercury across the SCR unit, since most of the research work has been devoted to their applicability for NOx reduction. Understanding which are the key factors controlling the oxidation of mercury and developing a detailed mechanism of Hg oxidation across the SCR unit is a primary objective of this dissertation. One of the main achievements of this work has been the integration of an atomic-scale model with bench-scale experiments to identify key factors in Hg oxidation as a co-benefit of the SCR unit. Widely employed materials in commercial SCR catalysts include titania-supported vanadium and tungsten oxides, i.e., V2O5-WO3-TiO2, which were therefore investigated in this study. Theoretical models were used to assess the role of each component, namely, the support (TiO2), the active phase (V2O5) and the promoters (WO3), on the activity of this catalyst towards Hg oxidation. These include both density functional theory and ab-initio thermodynamic calculations; the latter are applied to investigate the effects of temperature and flue gas composition (which is coal dependent) on the reactivity of the catalyst under realistic operating conditions. Active phase, support and structural promoter were incorporated progressively into the analysis, thereby modeling the SCR catalyst with an increased level of complexity. The DFT results show that the active phase, V2O5, alone is not reactive under flue gas conditions and that the presence of the support leads to an increase of its reactivity toward Hg oxidation, presumably due to the higher dispersion of the vanadia phase on the TiO2 surface. Particular focus was given to the interaction of water with the supported system, due the significant concentration of water vapor present in the flue gas (≈ 10%). It is shown that water interacts with the surface in either a molecular or dissociative fashion, depending on the water coverage, which is in turn temperature-dependent. Interestingly, a stabilization effect is observed at low water coverages, as the latter tends to dissociate on the surface, thus yielding a reconstructed surface with attached hydroxyl groups. Moreover, a dehydration process is observed that takes place with increasing temperature and that leads to a water-free surface above 390 K. The analysis of the reactivity of the supported vanadium oxide catalyst was completed by a study of the adsorption energies of gas species that likely play a role in Hg oxidation (i.e., Hg, HgCl, HCl and H2O). Hereby, it was observed that surfaces with high water coverage show higher reactivity towards HgCl (the gas specie with the highest adsorption energy) followed by HCl. The adsorption energies of Hg suggested a negligible interaction with the vanadia dimer. Ab initio thermodynamic calculations were carried out to take into account the effect of temperature and entropy loss on the adsorption energies of these species; based on these results, a mechanism to explain Hg oxidation to HgCl2 was proposed, which involves the adsorption of HCl and HgCl, following a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. As a final step in the theoretical analysis, the incorporation of WO3 into the model shows that these ternary systems (V2O5-WO3-TiO2) are even more reactive than the binary systems (V2O5-TiO2). First, the effect of the surface coverage was studied by comparing the reactivity of the low- and high-loading binary systems. This analysis indicated enhanced reactivity of the SCR catalyst toward HgCl, HCl and Hg, with increasing loadings of the active phase. The effect of the surface composition on the reactivity of the catalyst was estimated by comparing the reactivity of the binary monolayer systems (i.e., 100% V2O5-TiO2 or 100%WO3-TiO2) against ternary systems (V2O5-WO3-TiO2 with different V2O5/WO3 ratios). This study showed a higher reactivity of the ternary system, with the 75%V2O5-25%WO3-TiO2 system representing the optimal catalyst composition toward Hg oxidation. The theoretical studies were complemented by Hg oxidation experiments carried out in a lab-scale packed-bed reactor with the purpose of benchmarking some of the predictions of the computational work. The effects of flue gas composition, catalyst formulation, temperature and space velocity on the Hg oxidation efficiency of different SCR catalysts were examined under typical flue gas conditions. The effect of the catalyst composition on the activity toward Hg oxidation was analyzed by testing four different SCR catalysts: 4%V2O5-10%WO3-TiO2, 1%V2O5-10%WO3-TiO2, 1%V2O5-TiO2 and 10%WO3-TiO2). It was shown that the binary systems have a lower activity compared to the ternary systems, thus supporting the predictions from first-principles calculations described above. Through the kinetic analysis, parameters such as reaction orders and the apparent activation energy were derived. By using the power law equation, it was found that O2 is zeroth-order and Hg is first-order in terms of the Hg oxidation rate. For the case of HCl, the reaction order could not be estimated using such a simple equation, and a more complex equation is necessary to capture the complexities of the heterogeneous reaction pathway. The activation energy takes a value of about 40 kJ/mol and is in reasonable agreement with data from the literature. It is worth pointing out that the intrinsic difficulty of measuring very low Hg concentration (≈ 5 ppb) results in large uncertainties associated with relevant parameters such as oxidation efficiencies and reaction rates.

Download or read book Mercury Oxidation and Adsorption Over Cupric Chloride based Catalysts and Sorbents for Mercury Emissions Control written by Xin Li and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury emissions control is of great importance in environment protection as well as public health. Current mercury emissions control technologies are not well designed nor optimized, mainly due to the lack of fundamental understanding of adsorption and/or catalytic mechanisms and necessary kinetic modeling and reliable simulation data. This work aims to advance the fundamental mechanistic understanding of heterogeneous catalytic oxidation reaction and adsorption by using the reaction between Hg(0) vapor and CuCl2 and the subsequent adsorption of resultant oxidized mercury onto sorbents. XANES and EXAFS were used to determine mercury compounds formed on AC sorbents. The XANES study on raw and CuCl2-impregnated AC sorbents suggests that little or no elemental mercury is formed onto any spent sorbents and the chemisorption of Hg(0) vapor is very likely to be the dominant mechanism. HgCl2 is found to be a major oxidation reaction product when CuCl2 and HCl were impregnated onto raw AC regardless of the type of the carrier gas (i.e. N2 or O2). The adsorption isotherms of HgCl2 on DARCO-HG and CuCl2-impregnated AC were found to be of the Langmuir type. The kinetic adsorption constants were estimated by fitting the model simulation with experimental data. The breakthrough data from experiments are in good agreement with the calculation results from the modified kinetic model. The simulation results indicate that pore diffusion resistance significantly increases with an increase in sorbent particle size. HgCl2 adsorption removal performance was also predicted in an entrained flow system using a modified model. The CuCl2/[alpha]-Al2O3 catalyst possesses high activity for the oxidation of Hg(0) to Hg2+, with an excellent stability under the environment similar to the flue gas from coal-fired power plants. The CuCl2 crystallites formed onto [alpha]-Al2O3 were very stable up to 300oC, and undergo the thermal reduction process from Cu(II) to Cu(0) via Cu(I). In the absence of HCl and O2 gases, CuCl2 was found to follow a Mars-Maessen mechanism by consuming lattice chlorine of CuCl2 for Hg(0) oxidation and to be reduced to CuCl. In the presence of 10 ppmv HCl, 2,000 ppmv SO2, and 6% O2 gases, the CuCl2/[alpha]-Al2O3 sample works as an Hg(0) oxidation catalyst exhibiting>90% conversion with good resistance to SO2 at 140oC. The reduced CuCl was able to be re-chlorinated to CuCl2 under HCl and O2 gases by following the Deacon reaction. Multiple copper species were found to be formed when [gamma]-Al2O3 is used as a substrate as opposed to one Cu(II) species on [alpha]-Al2O3. The CuCl2/[gamma]-Al2O3 catalysts with low CuCl2 loading (

Download or read book Catalyst Additives to Enhance Mercury Oxidation and Capture written by Thomas K. Gale and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis is the key fundamental ingredient to convert elemental mercury in coal-fired power stations into its oxidized forms that are more easily captured by sorbents, ESPs, baghouses, and wet scrubbers, whether the catalyst be unburned carbon (UBC) in the ash or vanadium pentoxide in SCR catalysts. This project has investigated several different types of catalysts that enhance mercury oxidation in several different ways. The stated objective of this project in the Statement of Objectives included testing duct-injection catalysts, catalyst-sorbent hybrids, and coated low-pressure-drop screens. Several different types of catalysts were considered for duct injection, including different forms of iron and carbon. Duct-injection catalysts would have to be inexpensive catalysts, as they would not be recycled. Iron and calcium had been shown to catalyze mercury oxidation in published bench-scale tests. However, as determined from results of an on-going EPRI/EPA project at Southern Research, while iron and calcium did catalyze mercury oxidation, the activity of these catalysts was orders of magnitude below that of carbon and had little impact in the short residence times available for duct-injected catalysts or catalyst-sorbent hybrids. In fact, the only catalyst found to be effective enough for duct injection was carbon, which is also used to capture mercury and remove it from the flue gas. It was discovered that carbon itself is an effective catalyst-sorbent hybrid. Bench-scale carbon-catalyst tests were conducted, to obtain kinetic rates of mercury adsorption (a key step in the catalytic oxidation of mercury by carbon) for different forms of carbon. All carbon types investigated behaved in a similar manner with respect to mercury sorption, including the effect of temperature and chlorine concentration. Activated carbon was more effective at adsorbing mercury than carbon black and unburned carbon (UBC), because their internal surface area of activated carbon was greater. Catalyst coating of low-pressure-drop screens was of particular interest as this project was being developed. However, it was discovered that URS was already heavily involved in the pursuit of this same technology, being funded by DOE, and reporting significant success. Hence, testing of SCR catalysts became a major focus of the project. Three different commercial SCR catalysts were examined for their ability to oxidize mercury in simulated flue-gas. Similar performance was observed from each of the three commercial catalysts, both in terms of mercury oxidation and SO{sub 3} generation. Ammonia injection hindered mercury oxidation at low HCl concentrations (i.e., {approx}2 ppmv), yet had little impact on mercury oxidation at higher HCl concentrations. On the other hand, SO{sub 2} oxidation was significantly reduced by the presence of ammonia at both low and high concentrations of HCl.

Download or read book Pilot Testing of Mercury Oxidation Catalysts for Upstream of Wet FGD Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final report presents and discusses results from a mercury control process development project entitled ''Pilot Testing of Mercury Oxidation Catalysts for Upstream of Wet FGD Systems''. The objective of this project was to demonstrate at pilot scale a mercury control technology that uses solid honeycomb catalysts to promote the oxidation of elemental mercury in the flue gas from coal combustion. Oxidized mercury is removed in downstream wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) absorbers and leaves with the FGD byproducts. The goal of the project was to achieve 90% oxidation of elemental mercury in the flue gas and 90% overall mercury capture with the downstream wet FGD system. The project was co-funded by EPRI and the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE NETL) under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT41185. Great River Energy (GRE) and City Public Service (now CPS Energy) of San Antonio were also project co-funders and provided host sites. URS Group, Inc. was the prime contractor. Longer-term pilot-scale tests were conducted at two sites to provide catalyst life data. GRE provided the first site, at their Coal Creek Station (CCS), which fires North Dakota lignite, and CPS Energy provided the second site, at their Spruce Plant, which fires Powder River Basin (PRB) coal. Mercury oxidation catalyst testing began at CCS in October 2002 and continued through the end of June 2004, representing nearly 21 months of catalyst operation. An important finding was that, even though the mercury oxidation catalyst pilot unit was installed downstream of a high-efficiency ESP, fly ash buildup began to plug flue gas flow through the horizontal catalyst cells. Sonic horns were installed in each catalyst compartment and appeared to limit fly ash buildup. A palladium-based catalyst showed initial elemental mercury oxidation percentages of 95% across the catalyst, declining to 67% after 21 months in service. A carbon-based catalyst began with almost 98% elemental mercury oxidation across the catalyst, but declined to 79% oxidation after nearly 13 months in service. The other two catalysts, an SCR-type catalyst (titanium/vanadium) and an experimental fly-ash-based catalyst, were significantly less active. The palladium-based and SCR-type catalysts were effectively regenerated at the end of the long-term test by flowing heated air through the catalyst overnight. The carbon-based catalyst was not observed to regenerate, and no regeneration tests were conducted on the fourth, fly-ash-based catalyst. Preliminary process economics were developed for the palladium and carbon-based catalysts for a scrubbed, North Dakota lignite application. As described above, the pilot-scale results showed the catalysts could not sustain 90% or greater oxidation of elemental mercury in the flue gas for a period of two years. Consequently, the economics were based on performance criteria in a later DOE NETL solicitation, which required candidate mercury control technologies to achieve at least a 55% increase in mercury capture for plants that fire lignite. These economics show that if the catalysts must be replaced every two years, the catalytic oxidation process can be 30 to 40% less costly than conventional (not chemically treated) activated carbon injection if the plant currently sells their fly ash and would lose those sales with carbon injection. If the plant does not sell their fly ash, activated carbon injection was estimated to be slightly less costly. There was little difference in the estimated cost for palladium versus the carbon-based catalysts. If the palladium-based catalyst can be regenerated to double its life to four years, catalytic oxidation process economics are greatly improved. With regeneration, the catalytic oxidation process shows over a 50% reduction in mercury control cost compared to conventional activated carbon injection for a case where the plant sells its fly ash. At Spruce Plant, mercury oxidation catalyst testing began in September 2003 and continued through the end of April 2005, interrupted only by a host unit outage in late February/early March 2005. With a baghouse upstream of the catalysts, sonic horns did not appear to be necessary and were never installed. Pressure drop across the four catalysts remained low. Catalyst activity for elemental mercury oxidation was difficult to evaluate at this site. It was found that the baghouse effectively oxidized elemental mercury in the flue gas, with the baghouse outlet flue gas averaging 81% mercury oxidation. This oxidation resulted in little elemental mercury remaining in the flue gas going to the oxidation catalyst pilot unit. In many instances, catalyst outlet elemental mercury concentrations were near detection limits for the measurement methods employed, so mercury oxidation percentages across the catalyst were uncertain.

Download or read book The Forcing of Mercury Oxidation as a Means of Promoting Low Cost Capture written by John C. Kramlich and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace amounts of mercury are found in all coals. During combustion this mercury is vaporized and can be released to the atmosphere. This has been a cause for concern for a number of years, and has resulted in a determination by the EPA to regulate and control these emissions. Present technology does not, however, provide inexpensive ways to capture or remove mercury from flue gases. The mercury that exits the furnace in the oxidized form (HgCl{sub 2}) is known to much more easily captured in existing wet pollution control equipment (e.g., wet FGD for SO{sub 2}), principally due to its high solubility in water. Until recently, however, nobody knew what caused this oxidation, or how to promote it. Recent DOE-funded research in our group, along with work by others, has identified the gas phase mechanism responsible for this oxidation. The scenario is as follows. In the flame the mercury is quantitatively vaporized as elemental mercury. Also, the chlorine in the fuel is released as HCl. The direct reaction Hg+HCl is, however, far too slow to be of practical consequence in oxidation. The high temperature region does supports a small concentration of atomic chlorine due to disassociation of HCl. As the gases cool (either in the furnace convective passes, in the quench prior to cold gas cleanup, or within a sample probe), the decay in Cl atom is constrained by the slowness of the principal recombination reaction, Cl+Cl+M {yields} Cl{sub 2}+M. This allows chlorine atom to hold a temporary, local superequilibrium concentration. Once the gases drop below about 550 C, the mercury equilibrium shifts to favor HgCl{sub 2} over Hg, and this superequilibrium chlorine atom promotes oxidation via the fast reactions Hg+Cl+M {yields} HgCl+M, HgCl+Cl+M {yields} HgCl{sub 2}+M, and HgCl+Cl{sub 2} {yields} HgCl{sub 2}+Cl. Thus, the high temperature region provides the Cl needed for the reaction, while the quench region allows the Cl to persist and oxidize the mercury in the absence of decomposition reactions that would destroy the HgCl{sub 2}. Promoting mercury oxidation is one means of getting high-efficiency, ''free'' mercury capture when wet gas cleanup systems are already in place. The chemical kinetic model we developed to describe the oxidation process suggests that oxidation can be promoted by introducing trace amounts of H{sub 2} and/or CO within the quench region. The reaction of these fuels leads to free radicals that promote the selective conversion of HCl to Cl, which can then subsequently react with Hg. The work reported here from our Phase I Innovative Concept grant demonstrated this phenomenon, but it also showed that the process must be applied carefully to avoid promoting the recombination of Cl back to HCl. For example, addition of H{sub 2} at too high a temperature is predicted to actually decrease Cl concentrations via Cl+H{sub 2} {yields} HCl+H. At lower temperatures this reaction is slowed due to its activation energy. Thus, within the correct window, the process becomes selective for Cl promotion. Key parameters are the injection temperature of the promoter, the amount of the fuel added. A successful process based on this research will add a powerful tool to the mercury control arsenal. Presently, fractional oxidation in flue gases varies widely, but averages about 50%. The amounts of promoter needed to obtain quantitative oxidation are predicted to be small ({approx}50 ppm). The H{sub 2}/CO could be supplied by conventional natural gas reformer on site, and the low expected fuel concentration would require only a relatively trivial amount of natural gas, even for a large power plant. For example, a 600 MW{sub e} plant would require the order of only 1 MW thermal equivalent of natural gas. If the mercury in the stream approaching a FGD system is highly oxidized, then high captures could be achieved without any additional cost, even for fuels of low chlorine.

Download or read book The Department of Energy s FY 1997 Budget Request for the Office of Energy Research OER written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pilot Testing of Mercury Oxidation Catalysts for Upstream of Wet FGD Systems written by Gary M. Blythe and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document summarizes progress on Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-04NT41992, ''Pilot Testing of Mercury Oxidation Catalysts for Upstream of Wet FGD Systems'', during the time-period January 1 through March 31, 2006. The objective of this project is to demonstrate at pilot scale the use of solid honeycomb catalysts to promote the oxidation of elemental mercury in flue gas from coal combustion, and the use of a wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system downstream to remove the oxidized mercury at high efficiency. The project is being co-funded by the U.S. DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, EPRI, Great River Energy (GRE), TXU Generation Company LP, the Southern Company, and Duke Energy. URS Group is the prime contractor. The mercury control process under development uses honeycomb catalysts to promote the oxidation of elemental mercury in the flue gas from coal-fired power plants that have wet lime or limestone FGD systems. Oxidized mercury is removed in the wet FGD absorbers and leaves with the byproducts from the FGD system. The current project is testing previously identified catalyst materials at pilot scale and in a commercial form to provide engineering data for future full-scale designs. The pilot-scale tests will continue for approximately 14 months or longer at each of two sites to provide longer-term catalyst life data. Pilot-scale wet FGD tests are being conducted periodically at each site to confirm the ability to scrub the catalytically oxidized mercury at high efficiency. This is the ninth reporting period for the subject Cooperative Agreement. During this period, project efforts primarily consisted of operating the catalyst pilot units at the TXU Generation Company LP's Monticello Steam Electric Station and at Georgia Power's Plant Yates. Two catalyst activity measurement trips were made to Plant Yates during the quarter. This Technical Progress Report presents catalyst activity results from the oxidation catalyst pilot unit at Plant Yates and discusses the status of the pilot unit at Monticello.

Download or read book FutureGen Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Activity report written by Brookhaven National Laboratory. National Synchrotron Light Source and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.

Download or read book Air Pollution Calculations written by Daniel A. Vallero and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-17 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air Pollution Calculations: Quantifying Pollutant Formation, Transport, Transformation, Fate and Risks, Second Edition enhances the systems science aspects of air pollution, including transformation reactions in soil, water, sediment and biota that contribute to air pollution. This second edition will be an update based on research and actions taken since 2019 that affect air pollution calculations, including new control technologies, emissions measurement, and air quality modeling. Recent court cases, regulatory decisions, and advances in technology are discussed and, where necessary, calculations have been revised to reflect these updates. Sections discuss pollutant characterization, pollutant transformation, and environmental partitioning. Air partitioning, physical transport of air pollutants, air pollution biogeochemistry, and thermal reactions are also thoroughly explored. The author then carefully examines air pollution risk calculations, control technologies and dispersion models. The text wraps with discussions of economics and project management, reliability and failure, and air pollution decision-making. - Provides real-life current cases as examples of quantitation of emerging air pollution problems - Includes straightforward derivation of equations, giving practitioners and instructors a direct link between first principles of science and applications of technologies - Presents example calculations that make scientific theory real for the student and practitioner

Download or read book Wiley s Remediation Technologies Handbook written by Jay H. Lehr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-07-22 with total page 1283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wiley's Remediation Technologies Handbook: Major Contaminant Chemicals and Chemical Groups, extracted from the Enviroglobe database, consists of 368 chemicals and chemical groups. This book lists in alphabetical order these chemical and chemical groups along with the numerous technologies, many of which are patented, or trademarked techniques, to remediate them. A short description of each of these technologies is provided along with appropriate references. Wiley's Remediation Technologies Handbook: Major Contaminant Chemicals and Chemical Groups: Covers the most important chemical and chemical groups that are found to pollute the environment, and the ways to remediate them. Gives succinct abstract describing the numerous technologies used to clean-up a wide range of pollutants. Provides the uses and limitations of each technique. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.

Download or read book ORD Publications Summary written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of the Air Waste Management Association written by and published by . This book was released on 2006-07 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation Ambient Air Quality By Personnel Monitoring written by Adrian L. Linch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personnel monitoring is a term designating the determination of the inhaled dose of an airborne toxic material of an air-mediated hazardous physical force by the continuous collection of samples in the breathing or auditory zone, or auditory zone, or other appropriate exposed body area, over a finite period of exposure time. A personnel monitor is a self-powered device worn by monitored individual to collect a representative sample of laboratory analysis, or to provide accumulated dose of instantaneous warning of immediately hazardous conditions by visible or auditory means while being worn.