Download or read book Transport Costs and Natural Integration in Mercosur written by Azita Amjadi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Informe MERCOSUR n mero 1 julio diciembre 1996 Subregional Integration Report Series MERCOSUR Informes Subregionales de Integraci n MERCOSUR S rie Informes Subregionais de Integra ao MERCOSUL 1 written by and published by BID-INTAL. This book was released on with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mercosur written by Francisco Domínguez and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2004 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays aims to contribute to our understanding of the process of regional integration currently underway in South America. Mercosur is a regional manifestation of a world-wide process of globalisation whose driving force is economic, but which is potentially much more than that. It involves a variety of political, social and cultural processes, some of them barely at an embryonic stage, though each advancing at its own rate of progress. Mercosur's neo-liberal matrix, however, has led to the economic decision-making process being taken outside the realm of politics, thus leaving large sections of the population with no mechanism to influence the integration process so that it addresses their urgent needs and demands.
Download or read book The Agriculture of Mercosur Past Present and Future written by C. de Brey and published by IICA. This book was released on 1997 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Latin America written by P. Coffey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America's experience with regional economic integration has been only slightly shorter than that of Europe. In fact, the first attempt at integration started as early as 1960, with the creation of LAFTA - the Latin American Free Trade Area (subsequently replaced by LAIA - the Latin American Integration Association). LAFTA, composed of 11 countries, sought, unsuccessfully, to create a free trade area in 12 years. In 1969, the Andean pact, which sought, also unsuccessfully, to create a sub-regional free trade area, was set up. Recently the Presidents of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay signed the Treaty of Asuncion aimed at creating a common market as from 1st January, 1995. This common market, MERCOSUR, will be completed by 2006. In comparison with the earlier and unsuccessful attempts at integration, and despite challenges and problems, both internal and external, MERCOSUR is working, and trade between the member States is increasing. Furthermore, as with the case of the European Union (EU), serious attempts (notably between Argentina and Brazil) are being made to co-ordinate economic and monetary policies. The most important evidence of these moves is the introduction of hard currencies, the reduction in the size of the public sector and the privatization of State assets. These are clearly exciting times for Latin American integration. In this book, the first in a new series of books on International Economic Integration, the authors examine the experience of MERCOSUR in the Latin American integration progress. After an analysis of the history of the moves towards integration in South America, the case of each Member State and the Associate Country is examined and perspectives for the future are assessed.
Download or read book Mercosur written by Riordan Roett and published by Lynne Rienner Pub. This book was released on 1999 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overviews the origins, current status, and future evolution of Mercosur, an important regional actor in the Southern Cone of Latin America. Early chapters explain the role of Brazil and its powerful negotiating position in the bloc, and explore complexities of reconciling domestic and foreign policy goals of member countries. Discussion then turns to issues such as finding a regional approach to industrial policy, external trade negotiations, and the US approach to Mercosur and hemispheric integration. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Regional Multilateral and Unilateral Trade Policies of MERCOSUR for Growth and Poverty Reduction in Brazil written by Angelo Gurgel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper determines the impacts of the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) for Brazil under alternative assumptions concerning the returns to scale and the nature of competition in several industries, emphasizing the effects on the agribusiness activities. The GTAPinGAMS applied general equilibrium model is used to run the simulations. The results suggest different changes in output, imports, exports, and prices under alternative assumptions about market structure. The FTAA allows the exploitation of economies of scale and reduction of markups in almost all industries, with evidences of rationalizing and pro-competitive effects occurring in the industries under imperfect competition. The welfare gains from the FTAA are larger in the model with market imperfections. If the FTAA excludes products from the agribusiness sectors, the Brazilian agricultural industries will exploit less the economies of scale.
Download or read book The trade and cooperation nexus how does the MERCOSUR EU process measure up Occasional Paper ITD Documento de Divulgaci n ITD 22 written by Robert Devlin and published by BID-INTAL. This book was released on 2000 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transport Costs and Natural Integration in Mercosur written by L. Alan Winters and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: March 1997 Geographic proximity and lower transportation costs are probably not enough for Mercosur to reap big rewards as a natural trading bloc. Amjadi and Winters explore the argument that trade between the Mercosur countries should be stimulated by preferential policies because of their geographic proximity. That is, that the Mercosur countries are candidates for natural integration. They find that, on average, transportation margins on trade within Mercosur and between Mercosur and Chile are about 6 percentage points lower than on trade with the rest of the world. That is a significant margin, and one that was reflected in the countries' trade patterns even before regional trade agreements reduced the policy-based barriers to mutual trade. But it is probably not large enough, in and of itself (without other benefits), to make the introduction of trade preferences desirable. Amjadi and Winters also explore the argument that absolutely high transportation costs between Mercosur and the rest of the world (that is, not relative to intra-Mercosur costs) justify regional trade preferences. For this to apply the introduction of trade preferences must cause the Mercosur countries to cease importing some goods from the rest of the world completely. While Mercosur-rest-of-the-world transport costs certainly are high, trade patterns suggest that very few goods will cease to be imported from the rest of the world. Finally, Amjadi and Winters find that transport margins on imports are, on average, 2 to 4 percentage points higher for Mercosur countries than for the United States. Further research on why this is so is necessary before one can conclude that avoidable inefficiencies are involved. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - is part of a larger effort by the department and the Latin America and the Caribbean Region to identify ways to make the most of Mercosur.
Download or read book Deepening Integration in MERCOSUR written by Inter-American Development Bank and published by . This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book MERCOSUR and the European Union written by Mikhail Mukhametdinov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-07 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book draws comparison between MERCOSUR and the European Union to explain variation of regionalism and to expose its limits. The project is based on the idea that contemporary examples of regionalism should be evaluated against several propositions of multiple integration theories rather than against a single theory. In order to systematically explain why and how integration outcomes in MERCOSUR differ from those in the EU, the author develops an analytical framework for the comparison of the two blocs. MERCOSUR is compared with the EU by the use of the various criteria of economic interdependence, economic convergence, intra-bloc size and interest asymmetries, cultural diversity and geostrategic motivations, which are identified as the salient parameters of integration theories.
Download or read book MERCOSUR written by Jorge Guira and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of the viability of MERCOSUR as an effective engine of economic development. It considers MERCOSUR in all its real-world and theoretical contexts, from forces inherent in Latin American history to its role in a global trading regime dominated by the WTO, the IMF, the EU and NAFTA.
Download or read book Impact of 57 New Export Processing Zones in Mercosur written by Richard L. Bolin and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 25 Years of Mercosur a Successful Example of Regional Integration written by Sabrina Schleimer and published by . This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 1,3, Berlin School of Economics and Law, language: English, abstract: The following extended term paper will analyse MERCOSUR and examine whether it can be regarded as a successful example of regional integration. To do so, the paper will review the objectives set in the founding treaty, the Treaty of Asunción, and analyse whether they have been fully met. At a glance, the objectives of MERCOSUR were to "eliminate trade barriers, establish a common external tariff, coordinate macroeconomic policies and develop the harmonization of laws" (Arieti, 2006, p. 764). To fulfil these objectives, the development of MERCOSUR was supposed to go through three gradual stages: the first goal was to create a free trade area, this was to be followed by a customs union, and the third and final aim was the creation of a common market. These stages will be analysed to conclude if they have been reached. At the same time, the main achievements and challenges of MERCOSUR's integration experience will be presented. The limited scope of this term paper does not allow for an analysis of every aspect in great detail. Due to this, the main focus after the theoretical section will be on the area of trade and on the earlier stages of the agreement, as this is most important to establish the success of MERCOSUR as a regional trade agreement and thus highly relevant to find an answer to the research question. In the era of globalisation, international markets have continued to grow in importance. Many regional economic integration agreements have been negotiated and created to improve competitiveness in global trade. One of these regional agreements is the 'Mercado Común del Sur' (MERCOSUR), in English 'Common Market of the Southern Cone', which was founded by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay in 1991. Its creation was expected to mark an economic transition of the region as "the condit
Download or read book Regional Multilateral and Unilateral Trade Policies of Mercosur for Growth and Poverty Reduction in Brazil written by David G. Tarr and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harrison, Rutherford, Tarr, and Gurgel estimate that the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA), the EU-MERCOSUR agreement, and multilateral trade policy changes will all be beneficial for Brazil. The Brazilian government strategy of simultaneously negotiating the FTAA and the EU-MERCOSUR agreement, while supporting multilateral liberalization through the Doha Agenda, will increase the benefits of each of these policies.The authors estimate that the poorest households typically gain roughly three to four times the average for Brazil from any of the policies considerethe United States protects its most highly protected markets. Both the FTAA and the EU-MERCOSUR agreements are net trade-creating for the countries involved, but excluded countries almost always lose from the agreements. The authors estimate that multilateral trade liberalization of 50 percent in tariffs and export subsidies results in gains to the world more than four times greater than either the FTAA or the EU-MERCOSUR agreement. This shows the continued importance to the world trading community of the multilateral negotiations.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the impact of trade liberalization on poverty.
Download or read book Does Mercosur s Trade Performance Raise Concerns about the Effects of Regional Trade Arrangements written by Alexander Yeats and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: February 1997 Do the discriminatory trade barriers applied in regional trade arrangements encourage high-cost imports from member countries at the expense of lower-cost goods from nonmembers? In discussions about regional trade arrangements (RTAs), one concern has been whether the discriminatory trade barriers applied in RTAs encourage high-cost imports from member countries at the expense of lower-cost goods from nonmembers. But evaluations of the impact of RTAs have been hampered by a lack of appropriate empirical procedures for assessing their influence on the level and direction of trade. Yeats employs a new index for analyzing the static trade effects of an RTA. He examines changes in the regional orientation of exports and shows how this information can be employed in connection with the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index to identify apparent inefficiencies in trade patterns. He applies the approach to statistics on Mercosur countries' exports to determine if recent trade is evolving along lines current compatible with these countries' current comparative advantage. He does not comment on the many other possible effects of RTAs, such as benefits from political cooperation, enhancing the credibility of reform strategies, or dynamic gains from trade. Nor does he focus directly on changes in trade with nonmembers, changes that accelerated rapidly because of the 1988-91 liberalization of trade in Mercosur countries. Thus the paper does not address the net welfare effects of trade creation and diversion relative to the 1988 trade policies of member countries. The results show the most dynamic (fast-growing) products in Mercosur's intra-trade generally are capital-intensive goods in which members have not displayed a strong export performance in outside markets. Neither the RCA indices nor statistics about factor proportions indicate that Mercosur has a comparative advantage in those products. The evidence suggests that Mercosur's own trade barriers are responsible for these trade changes. Most-favored-nation tariffs on the fast-growing products are above the average for all imports and provide Mercosur members with significant preferences. These findings constitute evidence of the potential adverse effects of regional trade arrangements on members and on third countries, as judged by the variance in their trade patterns from what current comparative advantage would predict. Although there are other possible standards, the counterfactual comparison used is an equivalent degree of liberalization on a nondiscriminatory basis. Given the recent proliferation of RTAs, they highlight the need for further empirical research on the domestic and international effects of these arrangements, to better assess the pros and cons of regionalism. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to study regionalism and development.
