Download or read book Memory Controllers for Mixed Time Criticality Systems written by Sven Goossens and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the design and performance analysis of SDRAM controllers that cater to both real-time and best-effort applications, i.e. mixed-time-criticality memory controllers. The authors describe the state of the art, and then focus on an architecture template for reconfigurable memory controllers that addresses effectively the quickly evolving set of SDRAM standards, in terms of worst-case timing and power analysis, as well as implementation. A prototype implementation of the controller in SystemC and synthesizable VHDL for an FPGA development board are used as a proof of concept of the architecture template.
Download or read book Memory Controllers for Real Time Embedded Systems written by Benny Akesson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Verification of real-time requirements in systems-on-chip becomes more complex as more applications are integrated. Predictable and composable systems can manage the increasing complexity using formal verification and simulation. This book explains the concepts of predictability and composability and shows how to apply them to the design and analysis of a memory controller, which is a key component in any real-time system.
Download or read book Distributed Real Time Architecture for Mixed Criticality Systems written by Hamidreza Ahmadian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a cross-domain architecture and design tools for networked complex systems where application subsystems of different criticality coexist and interact on networked multi-core chips. The architecture leverages multi-core platforms for a hierarchical system perspective of mixed-criticality applications. This system perspective is realized by virtualization to establish security, safety and real-time performance. The impact further includes a reduction of time-to-market, decreased development, deployment and maintenance cost, and the exploitation of the economies of scale through cross-domain components and tools. Describes an end-to-end architecture for hypervisor-level, chip-level, and cluster level. Offers a solution for different types of resources including processors, on-chip communication, off-chip communication, and I/O. Provides a cross-domain approach with examples for wind-power, health-care, and avionics. Introduces hierarchical adaptation strategies for mixed-criticality systems Provides modular verification and certification methods for the seamless integration of mixed-criticality systems. Covers platform technologies, along with a methodology for the development process. Presents an experimental evaluation of technological results in cooperation with industrial partners. The information in this book will be extremely useful to industry leaders who design and manufacture products with distributed embedded systems in mixed-criticality use-cases. It will also benefit suppliers of embedded components or development tools used in this area. As an educational tool, this material can be used to teach students and working professionals in areas including embedded systems, computer networks, system architecture, dependability, real-time systems, and avionics, wind-power and health-care systems.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Computing Architectures written by Olivier Terzo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneous Computing Architectures: Challenges and Vision provides an updated vision of the state-of-the-art of heterogeneous computing systems, covering all the aspects related to their design: from the architecture and programming models to hardware/software integration and orchestration to real-time and security requirements. The transitions from multicore processors, GPU computing, and Cloud computing are not separate trends, but aspects of a single trend-mainstream; computers from desktop to smartphones are being permanently transformed into heterogeneous supercomputer clusters. The reader will get an organic perspective of modern heterogeneous systems and their future evolution.
Download or read book Rank switching Open row Dram Controller for Mixed critical Real time Systems written by Yogen Krishnapillai and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we present a rank-switching open-row DRAM controller for mixed critical real time systems. This memory controller is optimized for multi-requestor and multi-rank memory systems. The key to improved performance is an innovative rank-switching mechanism which hides the latency of write to read transitions in DRAM devices without requiring unpredictable request reordering. We further employ open-row policy to take advantage of the data caching mechanism (row buffering) in each device. We choose the bank privatization scheme where each requestor is assigned its own private bank or set of banks. This private bank mapping guarantees that each requestor has its own row buffers and cannot be interfered by other requestors. The proposed memory controller design allows maximum of thirty two requestors at a time targeting either two or four ranks. This controller provides complete timing isolation between critical and non-critical applications and allows for compositional timing analysis over number of requestors and memory ranks in the system. We designed both the front end logic for the command generation and back end logic for the DRAM timing constraint check and arbitration utilizing the rank switching techniques. The complete design is implemented and synthesized using Verilog RTL and finally, we evaluated performance using various benchmarks. Our proposed memory controller offers significantly lower worst case latency bounds for critical real-time applications and supports average throughput for non-critical real-time applications compared to existing real time memory controllers in the literature.
Download or read book Architecture of Computing Systems ARCS 2016 written by Frank Hannig and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS 2016, held in Nuremberg, Germany, in April 2016. The 29 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 87 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: configurable and in-memory accelerators; network-on-chip and secure computing architectures; cache architectures and protocols; mapping of applications on heterogeneous architectures and real-time tasks on multiprocessors; all about time: timing, tracing, and performance modeling; approximate and energy-efficient computing; allocation: from memories to FPGA hardware modules; organic computing systems; and reliability aspects in NoCs, caches, and GPUs.
Download or read book Mixed Criticality Industrial Wireless Networks written by Xi Jin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-13 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book introduces how to manage important tasks in industrial wireless networks. Important tasks must be completed on time and with guaranteed quality; that is the consensus reached by system designers and users. However, for too long, important tasks have often been given unnecessary urgency, and people intuitively believe that important tasks should be executed first so that their performance can be guaranteed. Actually, in most cases, their performance can be guaranteed even if they are executed later, and the “early” resources can be utilized for other, more urgent tasks. Therefore, confusing importance with urgency hinders the proper use of system resources. In 2007, mixed criticality was proposed to indicate that a system may contain tasks of various importance levels. Since then, system designers and users have distinguished between importance and urgency. In the industrial field, due to the harsh environment they operate in, industrial wireless networks’ quality of service (QoS) has always been a bottleneck restricting their applications. Therefore, this book introduces criticality to label important data, which is then allocated more transmission resources, ensuring that important data’s QoS requirements can be met to the extent possible. To help readers understand how to apply mixed-criticality data to industrial wireless networks, the content is divided into three parts. First, we introduce how to integrate the model of mixed-criticality data into industrial wireless networks. Second, we explain how to analyze the schedulability of mixed-criticality data under existing scheduling algorithms. Third, we present a range of novel scheduling algorithms for mixed-criticality data. If you want to improve the QoS of industrial wireless networks, this book is for you.
Download or read book Cyber Physical Systems Design Modeling and Evaluation written by Roger Chamberlain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Design, Modeling, and Evaluation of Cyber Physical Systems, CyPhy2017, held in conjunction with ESWeek 2017, in Seoul, South Korea, in October 2017. The 10 papers presented together with 1 extended and 1 invited abstracts in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 16 submissions. The conference presents a wide range of domains including robotics; smart homes, vehicles, and buildings; medical implants; and future-generation sensor networks.
Download or read book A Journey of Embedded and Cyber Physical Systems written by Jian-Jia Chen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-30 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open Access book celebrates Professor Peter Marwedel's outstanding achievements in compilers, embedded systems, and cyber-physical systems. The contributions in the book summarize the content of invited lectures given at the workshop “Embedded Systems” held at the Technical University Dortmund in early July 2019 in honor of Professor Marwedel's seventieth birthday. Provides a comprehensive view from leading researchers with respect to the past, present, and future of the design of embedded and cyber-physical systems; Discusses challenges and (potential) solutions from theoreticians and practitioners on modeling, design, analysis, and optimization for embedded and cyber-physical systems; Includes coverage of model verification, communication, software runtime systems, operating systems and real-time computing.
Download or read book Embedded Media Processing written by David J. Katz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-09-07 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is an Embedded Media Processor (EMP)?; Memory Structures; Direct Memory Access (DMA); Memory Partitioning; Important Factors in Audio Processing; Important Factors in Video Processing; Media Processing Frameworks; Dynamic Power Management; Application Examples.
Download or read book A Comprehensive Study of DRAM Controllers in Real time Systems written by Danlu Guo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DRAM main memory is a critical component and a performance bottleneck of almost all computing systems. Since the DRAM is a shared memory resource on multi-core plat- forms, all cores contend for the memory bandwidth. Therefore, there is a keen interest in the real-time community to design predictable DRAM controllers to provide a low memory access latency bound to meet the strict timing requirement of real-time applications. Due to the lack of generalization of publicly available DRAM controller models in full-system and DRAM device simulators, researchers often design in-house simulator to validate their designs. An extensible cycle-accurate DRAM controller simulation frame- work is developed to simplify the process of validating new DRAM controller designs. To prove the extensibility and reusability of the framework, ten state-of-the-art predictable DRAM controllers are implemented in the framework with less than 200 lines of new code. With the help of the framework, a comprehensive evaluation of state-of-the-art pre- dictable DRAM controllers is performed analytically and experimentally to show the im- pact of different system parameters. This extensive evaluation allows researchers to assess the contribution of state-of-the-art DRAM controller approaches. At last, a novel DRAM controller with request reordering technique is proposed to provide a configurable trade-off between latency bound and bandwidth in mixed-critical systems. Compared to the state-of-the-art DRAM controller, there is a balance point between the two designs which depends on the locality of the task under analysis and the DRAM device used in the system.
Download or read book Foundation of Operating Systems written by Dp Sharma and published by Excel Books India. This book was released on 2009 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Future of Intelligent Transport Systems written by George J. Dimitrakopoulos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-02-19 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Future of Intelligent Transport Systems considers ITS from three perspectives: users, business models and regulation/policy. Topics cover in-vehicle applications, such as autonomous driving, vehicle-to-vehicle/vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, and related applications, such as personalized mobility. The book also examines ITS technology enablers, such as sensing technologies, wireless communication, computational technology, user behavior as part of the transportation chain, financial models that influence ITS, regulations, policies and standards affecting ITS, and the future of ITS applications. Users will find a holistic approach to the most recent technological advances and the future spectrum of mobility. Systematically presents the whole spectrum of next generation Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) technologies Integrates coverage of personalized mobility and digital assistants, big data analytics and autonomous driving Includes end-of-chapter, open-ended questions that trigger thinking on the technological, managerial and regulatory aspects of ITS
Download or read book Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Data Engineering written by Nabendu Chaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents high-quality research work on cutting-edge technologies and the most-happening areas of computational intelligence and data engineering. It includes selected papers from the International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Data Engineering (ICCIDE 2018). The conference was conceived as a forum for researchers from academia and industry to present and share ideas and results and allow them to develop a comprehensive understanding of the challenges of technological advancements from different viewpoints. As such, this book helps foster strong links between academia and industry. It covers various topics, including collective intelligence, intelligent transportation systems, fuzzy systems, Bayesian network, ant colony optimization, data privacy and security, data mining, data warehousing, big data analytics, cloud computing, natural language processing, swarm intelligence, and speech processing.
Download or read book Smart Embedded Systems and Applications written by Saad Motahhir and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-02-20 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a wide range of challenges, technologies and state-of-the-art for the design, development and realization of smart and complex embedded systems and their applications; i.e., software and hardware development, with the use of digital technologies, and quality assurance for critical applications. This book starts with automotive safety systems which is one of the major functional domains. It discusses the importance of software in automotive systems followed by an insight into Automotive Software Standards, ISO26262, and Autosar. The book further discusses the use of Processor in the loop test for an adaptive trajectory tracking control for quadrotor UAVs. It also illustrates the role of embedded systems in medical engineering. Various innovative applications involving the concept of image processing and Internet of Things are also presented in this book. The SoC Power Estimation is also investigated. Finally, a Review of the Hardware/Software Partitioning Algorithms with some future works have been presented. this book is intended for academicians, researchers, and industrialists.
Download or read book Criticality aware Memory Systems written by Saugata Ghose and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on computer memory systems has been of increasing importance over the last decade, as they have become a significant bottleneck for application performance. While newer memory systems offer increased memory level parallelism, they cannot be used blindly due to contention for shared resources, making a beneficial and valid sequencing of memory requests requisite in order to exploit these improvements. Traditional approaches to improving this sequencing rely on highly sophisticated memory systems, where significant amounts of inference are often required to make these sophisticated decisions. Unfortunately, this design philosophy may no longer be sustainable. For example, as memory clock frequencies continue to scale while processor frequencies remain stagnant, sophisticated memory controllers are already being squeezed out, forcing computer architects to revert to simpler designs. We use this as an opportunity to symbiotically involve the processor cores in the decision-making process, simultaneously offloading the complexity from these memory decision makers while extracting richer information on each memory operation. This work studies the concept of load criticality, where the processors themselves identify the loads which they believe to be most important. Using loads that block at the end of the processor pipeline as an indicator of criticality, we annotate these load block predictions onto memory requests, for use by various components in memory. Our research finds that even using small, sim- ple predictors for load criticality can offer comparable performance to complex state-of-the-art schedulers for both parallel applications and multiprogrammed workloads on a contemporary multicore system. This same predictor can be used to obtain significant performance improvements and energy savings when using hardware prefetchers. Ultimately, our criticality-aware design approach achieves the performance of traditionally-complex memory systems, and does so with trivial overheads that are attractive for future commercial adoption.
Download or read book Annual Index abstracts of SAE Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
