Download or read book Mechanisms by which Dietary Fatty Acids Regulate Human Low Density Lipoprotein Metabolism written by Stephen Charles Rumsey and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se

Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

Download or read book Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-05-13 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.

Download or read book Evolving Human Nutrition written by Stanley J. Ulijaszek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-18 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploration of changing human nutrition from evolutionary and social perspectives and its influence on health and disease, past and present.

Download or read book Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism VIII written by David Kritchevsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Proceedings of the Eight International Symposium on Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism (8th D.A.L.M.) is the subject of this volume. Since the first symposium in 1960, each successive meeting has broken new ground in the field of pharmacological control of lipid levels - offering new and stimulating insights and exposing the audience to the state of the art. The field has progressed sufficiently to permit discussion of the cellular biology of athero sclerosis. The opening session was devoted to pathology, macrophages, lipoproteins and their receptors and choles terol ester metabolism. Because of the recent emergence of new apolipoprotein technology, a workshop devoted sole ly to apolipoprotein methodology was introduced followed by a plenary session devoted to their metabolism and structure. Another rapidly developing area of atherosclerosis research is non-invasive assessment of this condition. Accordingly, a session was devoted to new techniques for this research modality. The final plenary sessions were devoted to the roles of drugs and diet in athero~ scl~rosis - cause, treatment and mechanisms of action. The meeting was summarized by Dr. O.J. Pollak, one of the "founding fathers" of this field. There were nine sessions of proffered papers whose abstracts appear in this volume. In addition, special workshops (to be reported elsewhere) were devoted to several drugs including Oiyzanol, Probucol and Etofibrate.

Download or read book Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism written by Rodolfo Paoletti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent symposium and the appearance of this new book on Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism take place at a very unusual time for the development of this area. After the publication and wide acceptance of the results of the cholestyramine study by the Lipid Clinics in the USA, showing for the first time a direct association between drug induced reduction of plasma levels of total and LDL cholesterol and coronary heart disease in a high risk population, an unparalleled interest in drugs and other procedures able to control plasma cholesterol levels has been activated. Two other significant events occurred during 1986 and 1987: the availability of compact instruments for the immediate determination of total cholesterol in plasma or total blood and the developments of new agents such as the inhibitors of HMG-CoA (hydroxymethyl glutaryl CoA) reductase and ACAT inhibitors, with potentially great effect on plasma lipid levels after oral administration. These new advances, together with the combined efforts of cell biologists and lipoprotein chemists, have set the pace for an exciting period of research and clinical applications of diets and drugs af fecting lipids. This volume, which includes the work of many of the leading world laboratories, represents an authoritative and up-to-date ap praisal of the status of the art and a stimulus to future research at laboratory and clinical level in an area of opportunity for clinical and preventive medicine.

Download or read book Food Components to Enhance Performance written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settingsâ€"among othersâ€"experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting.

Download or read book Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism written by Graham C. Burdge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism explores a number of major roles of PUFA in the body, including its role as a component of cell membranes and how it provides substrates for the synthesis of lipid second messengers. Recent studies are unraveling the effect of interactions between diet and endocrine factors and genetic and epigenetic variation on the regulation of PUFA biosynthesis in animals. Together, these recent findings provide novel insights into the impact of differences in PUFA supply on health. This book captures these findings in a manner that marks the state-of-the-art, placing them in the wider context of PUFA metabolism and nutritional science. Users will find a comprehensive discussion on the topic that presents the contributions of leading researchers who combine their knowledge to create a cohesive academic resource for researchers, those involved in production, and health policymakers. - Provides a comprehensive view of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism - Describes underlying metabolism on lipids that include polyunsaturated fatty acids - Includes discussions on recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism

Download or read book Disturbances in Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism written by John M. Dietschy and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The current state of knowledge concerning significant aspects of lipid metabolism are presented with respect to (1) general principles governing movement of lipids across biological membranes, (2) absorption of dietary lipids and chylomicron metabolism, (3) synthesis in the liver of lipoproteins of various densities, and (4) release, binding and metabolism of fatty acids both in the liver and in muscle tissue. This technical treatise, designed for investigators and clinicians in the field, contains illustrations, charts, graphs and extensive references.

Download or read book Cardiovascular Disease written by Linda L. Gallo and published by Springer. This book was released on 1987-11-30 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sixth Annual International Spring Symposium on Health Sciences, held in Washington, D. C. , in May 1986, brought together over 650 scientists from 19 countries to review and update research on cardiovascular disease. In this volume, which contains 59 chapters, an internationally recognized group of authors con tribute up-to-date accounts of molecular and cellular processes occurring in the vessel wall in atherogenesis and describe approaches to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. The volume is divided into six major sections. Two sections deal with current aspects of lipoprotein metabolism. In Part I, we are alerted to the impact on li poprotein metabolism of structural heterogeneity within the four broad lipoprotein classes. Attention then turns to the components that orchestrate lipoprotein metab olism. Apolipoprotein identities, processing, and functions are described, as are the roles of lipid transfer proteins in plasma lipoprotein remodeling. Hepatic lipase synthesis and secretion are described. In Part II, Nobel Laureates Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein describe mutations in the LDL receptor that reveal the functions of its various domains and point out how understanding the LDL receptor has provided a rational basis for its regulation. A discussion of the role of receptors in regulating cholesterol uptake by tissues follows, with emphasis on receptor-ligand interactions. Additional pathways for cholesterol delivery to cells are explored, as are pathways for cholesterol egress.

Download or read book The Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Metabolic Phenotypes and Genetic Associations with Cardiovascular Health written by Carmen Arrington and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States, killing about 695,000 people in 2021, ahead of cancer and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)1. In the United States, the average annual direct and indirect cost of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was an estimated $378.0 billion in 2017-2018; the estimated direct costs have more than doubled in the last two decades2. Fatty acids (FAs), which can be obtained exogenously through the diet or produced endogenously through de novo lipogenesis (DNL), play a critical role in heart health by helping maintain lipid balance and regulate inflammatory processes. FAs can be oxygenated to produce oxylipins which are bioactive, act as lipid mediators, and are thought to be a potential explanation for the diverse effects of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs)3, 4. FA and oxylipin synthesis are highly regulated processes in which genes exert substantial influence. Genetic variation contributes to the activity and efficiency of enzymes responsible for FA and oxylipin metabolism as well as the functionality of receptors specific to FAs and oxylipins. The field of precision nutrition has developed to understand how one's diet and their genes interact to affect the way the body responds to food. This dissertation aims to address how a person's genes affect the way the body responds to food, specifically fats and FAs, to provide individualized nutrition guidance in CVD prevention and treatment. In Study 1, we explore the pivotal role of free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4 (human); Ffar4 (mouse)) in the context of myocardial infarction (MI), focusing particularly on its impact on the early oxylipin response to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Previous research has established the relevance of Ffar4 in metabolic and inflammatory pathways and found cardiac function improves 7 days after ischemic insult, prompting an in-depth analysis of the complex milieu of cardiac ischemia. To unravel the intricate connections, a murine model was employed, subjecting mice to cardiac ischemia followed by only 3 days of reperfusion while scrutinizing the influence of Ffar4 on oxylipin dynamics. The study was designed to meticulously assess the response to I/R injury, unraveling gene- and sex-specific variations in the oxylipin response. Additionally, to bridge the translational gap, the analysis extended to the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort. This human component aimed to elucidate the association of FFAR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with MI and ischemic CVDs. The murine experimentation uncovered a Ffar4-dependent response, particularly concerning LA-derived oxylipins, to I/R injury. While animals with systemic deletion of Ffar4 had higher LA alcohols and epoxides than wildtype prior to injury, I/R injury ablated the differences in oxylipin profile. Sex-specific differences also emerged from the analysis, shedding light on distinct molecular mechanisms operating in male and female mice. However, the human analysis found FFAR4-dependent higher risk for stroke in women; no other FFAR4-dependent differences in disease incidence were found which may suggest genetic variation is not the cause of downstream differences due implicating FFAR4. In essence, this research underscores the intricate involvement of FFAR4 in the oxylipin responses to cardiac ischemia. The study provides valuable insights into potential sex-specific mechanisms of oxylipin response while acknowledging the inherent disparities between murine and human response to cardiovascular (CV) challenges. These complexities emphasize the multifaceted role of the FFAR4 in CVD. In Study 2, we investigate substrate competition between saturated FAs (SFAs) and PUFAs as ligands for FFAR4 and the downstream impact on metabolic outcomes, specifically related to metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), MI, and death. The study utilizes data from the UKB cohort including various demographic and health-related variables as well as FA measurements. The statistical methods involve linear regression models and Cox-proportional hazard models to explore the relationships between SFAs and PUFAs, as well as their interaction on MetSyn risk factors, MI, and death. The study reveals that the association of PUFAs with lower triglycerides (TG), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), lower waist circumference (WC), and lower blood pressure (BP) depends on the levels of SFAs. Unexpectedly, when stratified by PUFA level higher SFAs are associated with metabolically beneficial outcomes, contrary to common perceptions. The study also uncovers differences by racial/ethnic group membership, showing distinct responses to SFAs and PUFAs among White, Black, and Asian participants. The findings challenge the simplistic view that reducing SFAs and increasing PUFAs uniformly benefit metabolic health. Instead, the findings suggest that individual differences in participant characteristics, including in racial/ethnic group membership, play a crucial role in how SFAs and PUFAs influence metabolic outcomes. A more nuanced approach to dietary recommendations that considers the intricate interplay between specific FAs and their impact on diverse populations may allow researchers to better address the risks for CVD. In Study 3, we focus on the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes, which play a regulatory role in PUFA metabolism. The FADS genes (FADS1 and FADS2) have two major haplotypes (haplotype D and haplotype A) which vary in prevalence across populations. Functional analyses indicate that haplotype D is more efficient in synthesis of longer chain PUFA in both the omega-3 ([omega]3) and omega-6 ([omega]6) pathways. The study specifically examines variant rs174547 in FADS1 as a proxy for the FADS genes. This variant has been associated with CV health outcomes leading to the hypothesis that 1) the association between FADS and lipid outcomes depends on FAs (moderation) and 2) the effect of FADS on outcomes occurs through FAs (mediation). The analysis uses the UKB dataset to explore the interplay between FADS and FAs on lipid outcomes including total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and TGs. The research employs a statistical framework to quantify the extent to which FAs mediate or moderate the relationship between FADS and lipid biomarkers. Results reveal evidence of moderation and/or mediation (or suppression) effects. For instance, out of the 28 tests of moderation, 19 models have evidence that a FA modifies the effect of FADS on lipid outcomes. Additionally, there are 12 models with evidence of mediation; for example, DHA acts as a mediator for the association between FADS and HDL-c, indicating that the influence of FADS on HDL-c is explained by the level of DHA, and non-LA [omega]6-PUFA suppresses the association between FADS and LDL-c. The study provides valuable insights into the complex interactions between FADS, FAs, and CV health. By analyzing FADS as a case study, the research demonstrates an analytical framework that can be applied to understand similar relationships in other genetic contexts. The findings underscore the need to consider individual variations in FA metabolism to optimize dietary recommendations for CV health. Collectively, this research sheds light on the multifaceted interplay between PUFAs, genetic factors, and CV health. The conditional associations based on FA profiles emphasize the potential for dietary modifications to address health disparities rooted in individual genotypes, as well as social and environmental factors. These findings challenge broad dietary recommendations and advocate for a more personalized approach to disease prevention and treatment strategies. The implications extend beyond CV health, prompting a reevaluation of how individualized nutrition guidance can be integrated into broader public health initiatives.

Download or read book Scientific Advances in Animal Nutrition written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-02-07 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science of animal nutrition has made significant advances in the past century. In looking back at the discoveries of the 20th century, we can appreciate the tremendous impact that animal nutrition has had on our lives. From the discovery of vitamins and the sweeping shift in the use of oilseeds to replace animal products as dietary protein sources for animals during the war times of the 1900s-to our integral understanding of nutrients as regulators of gene expression today-animal nutrition has been the cornerstone for scientific advances in many areas. At the milestone of their 70th year of service to the nation, the National Research Council's (NRC) Committee on Animal Nutrition (CAN) sought to gain a better understanding of the magnitude of recent discoveries and directions in animal nutrition for the new century we are embarking upon. With financial support from the NRC, the committee was able to organize and host a symposium that featured scientists from many backgrounds who were asked to share their ideas about the potential of animal nutrition to address current problems and future challenges.

Download or read book Management of Dyslipidemia written by Wilbert S. Aronow and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-07-21 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. The earlier in life dyslipidemia is treated, the better the prognosis. The current book is an excellent one on dyslipidemia written by experts on this topic. This book includes 12 chapters including 5 on lipids, 4 on hypercholesterolemia in children, and 3 on the treatment of dyslipidemia. This book should be read by all health care professionals taking care of patients, including pediatricians since atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease begins in childhood.

Download or read book Effects of Dietary Trans Fatty Acids on Lipoprotein Metabolism and Cholesterol Homeostatic Mechanisms in Gerbils written by Jason B. Dictenberg and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Density Lipoproteins written by Arnold von Eckardstein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology on “High Density Lipoproteins – from biological understanding to clinical exploitation” contributing authors (members of COST Action BM0904/HDLnet) summarize in more than 20 chapters our current knowledge on the structure, function, metabolism and regulation of HDL in health and several diseases as well as the status of past and ongoing attempts of therapeutic exploitation. The book is of interest to researchers in academia and industry focusing on lipoprotein metabolism, cardiovascular diseases and immunology as well as clinical pharmacologists, cardiologists, diabetologists, nephrologists and other clinicians interested in metabolic or inflammatory diseases.