Download or read book Measuring Price Competitiveness for Industrial Country Trade in Manufactures written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1987-04-28 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the methods used by the Research Department to construct the indicators of price competitiveness, or real effective exchange rates, published for 17 industrial countries in International Financial Statistics. The weighting scheme used to construct these indicators is derived from a disaggregated system of demand equations encompassing trade relations in bilateral and third-country markets. Other commonly used trade-weighting schemes are shown to be special cases of the more general and less restrictive competitiveness weights. Differences in the measurement of relative price changes using indices based on other weights are explained by the greater informational content of the competitiveness weights.
Download or read book Measuring Price Competitiveness for Industrial Country Trade in Manufactures written by Anne McGuirk and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the methods used by the Research Department to construct the indicators of price competitiveness, or real effective exchange rates, published for 17 industrial countries in International Financial Statistics. The weighting scheme used to construct these indicators is derived from a disaggregated system of demand equations encompassing trade relations in bilateral and third-country markets. Other commonly used trade-weighting schemes are shown to be special cases of the more general and less restrictive competitiveness weights. Differences in the measurement of relative price changes using indices based on other weights are explained by the greater informational content of the competitiveness weights.
Download or read book Measuring Price Competitiveness for Industrial Country Trade in Manufactures written by International Monetary Fund. Research Department and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measures of Prices and Price Competitiveness in International Trade in Manufactured Goods written by Robert E. Lipsey and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to present, and to explain the construction of, a set of price indexes relating to international trade in manufactured goods. These include: 1. Indexes of export prices for the U.S., Germany, and Japan, based on their weights, and indexes of competitors' prices for each of those countries based on the sane set of weights; 2. Indexes of domestic prices for the U.S., Germany, and Japan based on export weights; 3. Indexes for developed country exports of manufactures based on weights of developed country exports of manufactures to developing countries and of total developed country exports of manufactures, and indexes for exports of the U.S., Germany, and Japan on the sane sets of weights. The indexes for developed country exports make use of a method for estimating missing prices that takes account not only of contemporaneous price changes in the same country within the sane community groups, but also of price changes for the particular commodity in other countries. Comparisons are made between movements of domestic and export prices and between price indexes based on weights of early and late base years. In addition, an attempt is made to correct the price indexes for changes in the quality of some manufactured goods not usually taken account of in measures of export or import prices.
Download or read book Price Competitiveness in World Trade written by Irving B. Kravis and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic research study of the development of new econometrics research methods of measuring price competition in the international trade of developed countries - includes annual price indexes of price changes and levels calculated by these methods (incl. For the machinery industry, transport equipment and the metalworking industry) in the USA, the UK, the EC countries and Japan for 1953, 1957, and 1961-1964. References and statistical tables.
Download or read book Industrial Organization And Trade In The Food Industries written by Ian Sheldon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the outcome of a conference on 'Empirical Studies of Industrial Organization and Trade in the Food Industries' in Indianapolis. The conference placed an emphasis on empirical applications of new methods linking industrial organization and trade theory for the U.S. food industries.
Download or read book The Factory Free Economy written by Lionel Fontagné and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: De-industrialization, accelerated by the financial crisis, is a long term process. The comparative advantage of emerging economies shifted towards more advanced goods and their growing populations commanded an increasing share in global demand. This shift towards a factory-free economy in high income countries has drawn the attention of policy makers in North America and Europe. Some politicians have articulated alarming views, initiating mercantilist or 'beggar-thy-neighbour' cost-competitiveness policies. Yet companies that concentrate research and design innovations at home but no longer have any factories there may be the norm in the future. This volume proposes an economic analysis of this phenomenon and includes 11 contributions which complement each other and tackle the problem from different angles. The evidence in this book suggests that de-industrialization is a process that happens over time in all countries, even China. One implication is that criticism of China is not likely to provide a solution to these long term trends. Another implication is that the distinction between manufacturing and services is likely to become increasingly blurry. More manufacturing firms are engaging in services activities, and more wholesale firms are engaging in manufacturing. One optimistic perspective suggests that industrial country firms may be able to exploit the high-value added and skill-intensive activities associated with design and innovation, as well as distribution, which are all components of the global value chain for manufacturing. Although this ongoing transformation of the industrial economies may be consistent with evolving comparative advantage, it has significant short-run costs and requires far-sighted investments. These include the costs to workers who are caught in the shift from an industrial to a service economy, and the need to invest in new infrastructure and education to prepare coming generations for their changing roles.
Download or read book Competing in a Global Economy written by Robert Ballance and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-08-29 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global patterns of production and trade in manufactures have changed tremendously over the past two decades. The growth of world trade has been accompanied by a rapid increase in the number of products, suppliers and buyers involved in international markets. At the same time, the means by which manufacturers compete and collaborate have been changing. The great challenges that these developments pose for policy makers and practitioners provide the basic motive for this comprehensive assessment of the underlying forces and determinants that are reshaping the world's industrial map. Based upon an empirical approach, the analysis is closely interwoven with key elements of economic theory. the Heckscher-Ohlin model provides the framework for most of the book's interpretation, but less formal models focusing on economies of scale, product differentiation and other aspects of imperfect competition also figure prominently. The extensive research with access to UNIDO's vast body of unpublished information and contributions from specialists, has resulted in a blend of theoretical and empirical material which yields new insights into the way firms and industries compete in international markets.
Download or read book Price Competitiveness in Export Trade Among Industrial Countries written by Helen B. Junz and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Relative Competitiveness of U S German and Japanese Manufacturing written by Tsutomu Miyagawa and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring International Price and Cost Competitiveness written by Philip Turner and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Links Between Trade and Competition Policy written by Yusaf Akbar and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quality Cost Delivery written by Great Britain. Department of Trade and Industry and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Competing in a Global Economy written by Helmut Forstner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1990 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global patterns of production and trade in manufactures have changed tremendously over the past two decades. The growth of world trade has been accompanied by a rapid increase in the number of products, suppliers and buyers involved in international markets. At the same time, the means by which manufacturers compete and collaborate have been changing. The great challenges that these developments pose for policy makers and practitioners provide the basic motive for this comprehensive assessment of the underlying forces and determinants that are reshaping the world's industrial map. Based upon an empirical approach, the analysis is closely interwoven with key elements of economic theory. the Heckscher-Ohlin model provides the framework for most of the book's interpretation, but less formal models focusing on economies of scale, product differentiation and other aspects of imperfect competition also figure prominently. The extensive research with access to UNIDO's vast body of unpublished information and contributions from specialists, has resulted in a blend of theoretical and empirical material which yields new insights into the way firms and industries compete in international markets.
Download or read book Intra industry Trade written by Peter John Lloyd and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative new collection presents a selection of previously published seminal articles that have led to the development of intra-industry trade theory and empirical research. Parts I and II cover the pioneering research in the 1960s and a number of models of intra-industry trade that were developed from 1979 to the present day. Parts III and IV look at the empirical research problems in the choice of measure of intra-industry trade and empirical studies that seek to identify the nature of this trade. Part V deals with the role of the multinational corporation and part VI completes the collection with articles that look at extensions to asset markets and applications to other problems such as the geography of trade and rules of origin. Intra-Industry Trade will be an invaluable source of reference to all international trade economists and libraries specialising in this area.
Download or read book Study on the Cost Competitiveness of European Industry in the Globalisation Era written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study has developed a database of estimates of unit labour costs (ULCs) and real effective exchange rates (REERs; nominal exchange rates deflated by relative ULCs and weighted for the importance of each trading partner to a country's trade) at the 2-digit NACE level for manufacturing industries. It has relied upon OECD and Eurostat data for the developed countries, and has supplemented this with data gathered directly from the statistical offices of Brazil, China, India and Russia in order to include these countries in the analysis. Data for broad groups of service sectors have also been developed for comparison. Chapter 2 presents a brief literature review on the relevance of ULCs as a measure of competitiveness. Chapter 3 notes the macroeconomic (all-manufacturing) trends in the data. The scope for analysis of the database is potentially large. In the remaining chapters of this report we present results along a number of different lines of enquiry. Chapter 4 presents selected results on a country-by-country basis, and draws out some common themes. Chapter 5 uses the database to compare outcomes for a selection of new and old Member States to detect evidence of convergence in performance of the new MS. Chapter 6 summarises the results for service sectors. Chapter 7 presents results for Brazil, China and India5. Chapter 8 draws conclusions from the analysis. The appendices describe the methods and data sources and also compare the results for ULCs and REERs for all-manufacturing with those available from the OECD and ECB."--Editor.
Download or read book Markups Entry Regulation and Trade written by Bernard Hoekman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Country size matters in determining the effectiveness of domestic and foreign competition on pricing behavior in manufacturing. Removing barriers to the entry of new firms reduces markups more in large countries, while removing barriers to imports reduces markups more in small countries.Actual and potential competition is a powerful source of discipline on the pricing behavior of firms with market power. Hoekman, Kee, and Olarreaga develop a simple model that shows that the effects of new entry and import competition on industry price-cost markups depend on country size.The authors predicted that barriers to domestic entry would have a stronger anti-competitive effect in large countries, while barriers to foreign entry (imports) would have a stronger effect in small countries. After estimating markups for manufacturing sectors in 41 industrial and developing countries, they test these hypotheses and find that the hypotheses cannot be rejected by the data. For example, although Indonesia and Italy impose the same number of regulations on the entry of new firms, the effect of the regulations on manufacturing markups is 20 percent greater in Italy because of its larger size. Similarly, while Chile and Zimbabwe have the same import penetration ratio, the market discipline effect of imports is 13 percent greater in Zimbabwe because of its smaller size.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the links between trade and competition policy. It was prepared as a background paper for the World Bank's World Development Report 2002: Building Institutions for Markets. The authors may be contacted at [email protected], [email protected], or [email protected].
