Download or read book Measurements of the Arrival Directions and Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Ray Primaries Above 1017 EV written by Andrew M T. Pollock and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ultra high Energy Particle Astrophysics written by Shigeru Yoshida and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many kinds of radiation exist in the universe, including photons and particles with a wide range of energies. Some of the radiation is produced in stars and galaxies, and some is cosmological background radiation, a relic from the history of cosmic evolution. Among all this radiation, the most energetic are cosmic ray particles: nucleons, nuclei, and even extremely energetic gamma rays. There are some observational facts about cosmic rays to give suggestions on their origin. The most important one among them is that the energy spectrum of high energy cosmic rays above 10 GeV (where the magnetic field of the sun is no longer a concern) is well represented by a power law form. This indicates cosmic ray particles are products of non-thermal processes. Their energy extends over more than 13 decades from 107 eV up to 1020 eV. In terms of its structure, the spectrum can be divided into three regions: two 'knees' and one 'ankle'. The first 'knee' appears around 3×1015 eV where the spectral power law index changes from -2.7 to -3.0. The second 'knee' is somewhere between 1017 eV and 1018 eV where the spectral slope changes from -3.0 to around -3.3. The 'ankle' is seen at or after 3×1018 eV. Above that energy the spectral slope is around -2.7, but with a large uncertainty because of poor statistics and resolution. This book deals with the final and most energetic population, the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs).
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-03 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particle Physics Reference Library written by Stephen Myers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 867 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third open access volume of the handbook series deals with accelerator physics, design, technology and operations, as well as with beam optics, dynamics and diagnostics. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A,B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access.
Download or read book Search for Patterns by Combining Cosmic ray Energy and Arrival Directions at the Pierre Auger Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy-dependent patterns in the arrival directions of cosmic rays are searched for using data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We investigate local regions around the highest-energy cosmic rays with $E \ge 6 \times 10^$ eV by analyzing cosmic rays with energies above $E \ge 5 \times 10^$ eV arriving within an angular separation of approximately 15$^{\circ }$ . We characterize the energy distributions inside these regions by two independent methods, one searching for angular dependence of energy-energy correlations and one searching for collimation of energy along the local system of principal axes of the energy distribution. No significant patterns are found with this analysis. The comparison of these measurements with astrophysical scenarios can therefore be used to obtain constraints on related model parameters such as strength of cosmic-ray deflection and density of point sources.
Download or read book Very High Energy Phenomena in the Universe written by Yannick Giraud-Héraud and published by Atlantica Séguier Frontières. This book was released on 1997 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Origin of Cosmic Rays written by J.L. Osborne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Durham, England, August 26-September 6, 1974
Download or read book Cosmic Ray Air Shower Measurement from Space written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-17 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A feasibility study has been initiated to observe from space the highest energy cosmic rays above 1021 eV. A satellite observatory concept, the Maximum-energy Auger (Air)-Shower Satellite (MASS), is recently renamed as the Orbital Wide-angle Collector (OWL) by taking its unique feature of using a very wide field-of-view (FOV) optics. A huge array of imaging devices (about 10(exp 6) pixels) is required to detect and record fluorescent light profiles of cosmic ray cascades in the atmosphere. The FOV of MASS could extend to as large as about 60 in. diameter, which views (500 - 1000 km) of earth's surface and more than 300 - 1000 cosmic ray events per year could be observed above 1020 eV. From far above the atmosphere, the MASS/OWL satellite should be capable of observing events at all angles including near horizontal tracks, and would have considerable aperture for high energy photon and neutrino observation. With a large aperture and the spatial and temporal resolution, MASS could determine the energy spectrum, the mass composition, and arrival anisotropy of cosmic rays from 1020 eV to 1022 eV; a region hitherto not explored by ground-based detectors such as the Fly's Eye and air-shower arrays. MASS/OWL's ability to identify cosmic neutrinos and gamma rays may help providing evidence for the theory which attributes the above cut-off cosmic ray flux to the decay of topological defects. Very wide FOV optics system of MASS/OWL with a large array of imaging devices is applicable to observe other atmospheric phenomena including upper atmospheric lightning. The wide FOV MASS optics being developed can also improve ground-based gamma-ray observatories by allowing simultaneous observation of many gamma ray sources located at different constellations. Takahashi, Yoshiyuki Marshall Space Flight Center NASA-CR-204041, NAS 1.26:204041 NAS8-38609; NCC8-65...
Download or read book Atomic and Nuclear Physics written by Thomas Albert Littlefield and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the death of Dr. Littlefield it was decided that I should undertake the revision ofthe whole of Atomic and Nuclear Physics: an Introduction for the third edition, and it was soon apparent that major changes were necessary. I am confident that these changes would have had Dr. Littlefield's approval. The prime consideration for the present edition has been to modernize at a minimum cost. As much as possible of the second edition has therefore been retained, but where changes have been made they have been fairly drastic. Thus the chapters on fine structure, wave mechanics, the vector model of the atom, Pauli's principle and the Zeeman effect have been completely restructured. The chapters on nuclear models, cosmic rays, fusion systems and fundamental particles have been brought up to date while a new chapter on charm and the latest ideas on quarks has been included. It is hoped that the presentation of the last named will give readers a feeling that physics research can be full of adventure and surprises.
Download or read book Particle Physics and the Universe written by Claes Fransson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is generally felt in the cosmology and particle astrophysics community that we have just entered an era which later can only be looked back upon as a golden age. Thanks to the rapid technical development, with powerful new telescopes and other detectors taken into operation at an impressive rate, and the accompanying advancement of theoretical ideas, the picture of the past, present and future Universe is getting ever clearer. Some of the most exciting new findings and expected future developments are discussed in this invaluable volume. The topics covered include the physics of the early Universe and ultra-high energy processes. Emphasis is also put on neutrino physics and astrophysics, with the evidence for non-zero neutrino masses emerging from both solar neutrinos and atmospheric neutrinos covered in great depth. Another field with interesting new results concerns the basic cosmological parameters, where both traditional methods and the potential of new ones, like deep supernova surveys and acoustic peak detections in the cosmic microwave background, are thoroughly discussed. Various aspects of the dark matter problem, such as gravitational lensing estimates of galaxy masses, cluster evolution and hot cluster electron distortions of the thermal microwave background spectrum, are also discussed, as are particle physics candidates of dark matter and methods to detect them. Cosmic rays of matter and antimatter are included as a topic, and so is the problem of the enigmatic dark energy of the vacuum. Contents: Cosmology with Clusters of Galaxies (N A Bahcall); Radiochemical Solar Neutrino Experiments and Implications (T A Kirsten); Evidence for Neutrino Oscillation Observed in Super-Kamiokande (Y Totsuka); High Energy Cosmic Neutrinos (S W Barwick); Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background (D T Wilkinson & P J E Peebles); Starlight in the Universe (P Madau); Acceleration of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (R D Blandford); Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe (M S Turner); Dark Matter Tomography (J A Tyson); Status of Models for Gamma Ray Bursts (M J Rees); and other papers. Readership: High energy physicists, astrophysicists and cosmologists.
Download or read book 1998 Freshman Achievement Award written by David R. Lide and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-06-19 with total page 2698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides chemical and physical data.
Download or read book Conference Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics written by David R. Lide and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-03-09 with total page 2730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This student edition features over 50 new or completely revised tables, most of which are in the areas of fluid properties and properties of solids. The book also features extensive references to other compilations and databases that contain additional information.
Download or read book Literature 1991 Part 2 written by Astronomisches Rechen-Institut and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 1592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts" appearing twice a year has become oneof the fundamental publications in the fields of astronomy, astrophysics andneighbouring sciences. It is the most important English-language abstracting journal in the mentioned branches. The abstrats are classified under more than a hundred subject categories, thus permitting a quick survey of the whole extended material. The AAA is a valuable and important publication for all students and scientists working in the fields of astronomy and related sciences. As such it represents a necessary ingredient of any astronomical library all over the world.
Download or read book Cosmic Ray Observations at the TeV Scale with the HAWC Observatory written by Zigfried Hampel-Arias and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, a more detailed understanding of TeV-scale cosmic rays has emerged which appears to deviate from the isotropic, single power law description of the cosmic ray flux. This may be the result of the distribution of sources within the Galaxy, changes in source spectra, effects from the propagation of cosmic rays from their sources to Earth, or a combination of the three. Supernova remnants are thought to be the most likely source of Galactic cosmic rays, providing a natural power law source spectrum with sufficient power to generate the observed cosmic ray energy density. Yet, recent results from balloon-borne experiments hint at a possible change in the spectral index between 20−50 TeV. These direct detection apparatuses provide the most precise measurements of the cosmic ray flux up to ~30 TeV, beyond which they are limited by the combined effects of their physical dimensions, runtime durations, and a rapidly decreasing flux. Above ~100 TeV, the spectrum has been measured by ground based air shower arrays, with typical systematic uncertainties of order 10%. Despite having the combined measurements from various experimental techniques, their different energy scales and systematics imply that identifying finer structure between 10−100 TeV requires a single experimental method to span the entire range. Furthermore, as the nearest potential source is hundreds of parsecs away and the Larmor radius of TeV scale charged cosmic rays in the Galaxy is of order 10−3 parsecs, the previously observed anisotropy in arrival directions of cosmic rays is unexpected. In order to attain the statistical power necessary to observe TeV cosmic ray anisotropy at the 10−3 level and below, the long data taking periods required are only attainable by air shower arrays. This thesis presents a measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum and the energy dependence of the anisotropy on small scales O(10°) using data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory, an air-shower array located near Puebla, Mexico that is sensitive to gamma rays and cosmic rays at TeV energies. The analyses in this work comprise data taking periods of order 1 yr containing ~1010 events. An analysis of the cosmic ray Moon shadow is first presented as a verification of the angular resolution and energy scale of the detector. Next, a measurement of the all-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum from 10−500 TeV is shown, with an indication of structure deviating from a single power law. The final results presented in this work show an improved spectral measurement of a particular region of cosmic ray excess at the 10−4 level, previously observed both in HAWC and in other experiments.
