Download or read book Measurements of Particulates in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation has been conducted to develop techniques for obtaining quantitative data that can be used to relate solid rocket propellant composition and operating environment to the behavior of solid particulates within the grain port and exhaust nozzle. The techniques employed are high speed motion pictures of propellant strand burners and slab burners in a cross-flow environment, SEM analysis of post-fire residue (strand, slab, and motor), determination of D32 across the exhaust nozzle using measurements of scattered laser light, and holograms of burning propellant strands, slabs, and motors. In addition, techniques are being developed for automatic retrieval of particular size distributions from holograms taken of the combustion of solid propellants. Results are presented on (1) the measurement of particular size changes across an exhaust nozzle, (2) holograms obtained at the nozzle entrance, and (3) automatic data retrieval from holograms. Keywords: Solid propellants, Particular sizing, Holograms, Particulates, Optical methods, Speckel reduction.
Download or read book Automatic Measurement of Particles from Holograms Taken in the Combustion Chamber of a Rocket Motor written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance of solid propellants in rocket motors is increased by the addition of aluminum and additives (aluminum oxide, zirconium, and so on). Some of the original metal and metal oxides are found in the combustion chamber (from the surface of the propellant to the nozzle exit). The increased propellant performance is related to its particle size distribution. This thesis describes the procedure used for the automatic measurement of particles from holograms taken in the combustion chamber of a rocket motor while firing. It describes the investigation done on two averaging techniques used to reduce speckle noise, capturing the image focused on a spinning mylar disk and software averaging of several image frames. The spinning disk and software averaging of several image frames. The spinning disk technique proved superior for this application. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test is applied to different particle samples in order to find an estimate of the number of particles required to obtain a stable distribution function. The number of particles is calculated and given. The last part of this study shows real particle distributions in the form of frequency histograms. Keywords: Solid propellant rocket engines, Propellant grains. (aw).
Download or read book Multiple wavelength Transmission Measurements in Rocket Motor Plumes written by Hong-on Kim and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Investigation of Experimental Techniques for Obtaining Particulate Behavior in Metallized Solid Propellant Combustion written by R. G. Cramer and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A continuing investigation is being conducted to develop techniques which can be used to obtain quantitative data that can be used to relate solid rocket propellant composition and operating environment to the behavior of solid particulates within the grain port and exhaust nozzle. The techniques employed are high speed motion pictures of propellant strand burners and slab burners in a cross-flow environment, SEM analysis of post-fire residue (strand, slab, and motor), determination of D32 across the exhaust nozzle using measurements of scattered laser light, and holograms of burning propellant strands and slabs in a cross-flow environment. In addition, work has been initiated to develop automatic data retrieval methods for obtaining particle size distributions from holograms taken of the combustion of solid propellants. Actual particle size of burning aluminum particles were obtained in high speed motion pictures by using high intensity rear illumination of the burning propellants to eliminate the flame envelopes surrounding the burning particles. Measurements of diffractively scattered light were successfully made for determination of changes in D32 across a solid propellant rocket motor exhaust nozzle. However, to date, propellant composition and grain geometry have significantly limited the range of obtainable data. Two-dimensional motors have been successfully employed to obtain good quality holograms of propellant burned in a cross-flow environment. A Quantimet 720 has been used in an initial effort to obtain particle size distributions from a photograph taken of a reconstructed hologram.
Download or read book Automatic Measurement of Particles from Holograms Taken in the Combustion Chamber of a Rocket Motor written by Denis Joseph Gaston Carrier and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance of solid propellants in rocket motors is increased by the addition of aluminum and additives (aluminum oxide, zirconium, and so on). Some of the original metal and metal oxides are found in the combustion chamber (from the surface of the propellant to the nozzle exit). The increased propellant performance is related to its particle size distribution. This thesis describes the procedure used for the automatic measurement of particles from holograms taken in the combustion chamber of a rocket motor while firing. It describes the investigation done on two averaging techniques used to reduce speckle noise, capturing the image focused on a spinning mylar disk and software averaging of several image frames. The spinning disk and software averaging of several image frames. The spinning disk technique proved superior for this application. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test is applied to different particle samples in order to find an estimate of the number of particles required to obtain a stable distribution function. The number of particles is calculated and given. The last part of this study shows real particle distributions in the form of frequency histograms. Keywords: Solid propellant rocket engines, Propellant grains. (aw).
Download or read book Particle Size Measurements in Solid Propellant Rocket Exhaust Plumes written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle sizing interferometer measurement of particle size distributions, velocity and number density in samples of rocket propellant exhaust is described. Signal visibility and scattered intensity for individual particles was measured for a nominal size range of 0.3 to 6 micrometers. Calibration tests of the instrument were obtained by firing small propellant samples into a 20-cu cm chamber and comparing the measured particle size distributions with those obtained from estimates using multiple wavelength transmissometers and a commercial optical particle counter. Particle sizing interferometer estimates of particle size distributions and number densities required the development of models which could account for sample space dependence on particle size and illuminating fringe contrast variation. Results obtained by using these models on particle size data from calibration and rocket motor test firings show the need for well-controlled insitu perturbationless particle size measuring techniques for hostile environments.
Download or read book Particle Behavior in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors and Plumes written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The particle size distribution inside the combustion chamber and the changes that occurred across the exhaust nozzle were measured in a subscale solid propellant rocket motor with a 2% aluminized end-burning propellant grain and a highly underexpanded nozzle. A combination of diagnostic techniques were used. Size distributions in the exhaust plume were determined by a Single Particle Counter, a Malvern 2600 ensemble particle sizer, and by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examinations of particles collected on a timed exposure impact probe. Size distributions inside the combustion chamber were determined by Malvern 2600 measurements through windows at the nozzle entrance, SEM examinations of particles collected from the nozzle entrance wall, and exhaust plume measurements of a helium quenched motor. It was determined that agglomeration processes dominated in the flow from the center of the combustion chamber up to the nozzle entrance. Particle breakup processes dominated particle behavior from the nozzle entrance, through the nozzle, and into the exhaust. Solid-Propellant; Rocket Motor; Particle Sizing.
Download or read book Studies of the Exhaust Products from Solid Propellant Rocket Motors written by R. Dawbarn and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particulate Sizing in a Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Using Light Scattering Techniques written by Kevin G. Horton and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the feasibility of introducing particles of a known mean diameter into a small solid propellant rocket motor and measuring the change in mean diameter across the exhaust nozzle. Light scattering profiles at small forward angles were recorded at the entrance and exit of the nozzle. The propellant used was nonmetallized and contained HYPB and ammonium perchlorate. Promising results were obtained for injections of polydispersions of glass beads and aluminum oxide particles.
Download or read book A Preliminary Investigation on the Destruction of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors by Impact from Small Particles written by David J. Carter (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particle Sizing in a Solid Rocket Motor Using the Management of Scattered Light written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A previous study discussed the formulation of the theory for the scattering properties in the general case of particles of arbitrary size and refractive index occurring in a polydispersion of finite optical depth. Roberts and Webb concluded that three volume-surface mean diameter (Sauter) D sub 32 of the polydispersion may be determined from the intensity of diffraction scattered light from spherical particles. An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the feasibility of measuring the change in particle size across the exhaust nozzle of a small solid propellant rocket motor. Light scattering measurements were made at small forward angles at the entrance and exit of the exhaust nozzle. The experimental technique was found to be practical, especially if used in conjunction with measurements of transmitted light of multiple wave lengths. However, the determination of D sub 32 is difficult in the motor environment and is biased toward the larger particles in the size distribution. Particle size measurements were in reasonable agreement with sizes determined from collected exhaust products. Recommendations for further improvement of the apparatus are made. Keywords: Diffractively scattered light; Particle sizing.
Download or read book Investigation of the Effects of Solid Rocket Motor Propellant Composition on Plume Signature written by Clay J. Snaza and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three propellants with aluminum/silicon weight percentages of 18/0%, 13.5/4.5%, and 12/6% were fired in a subscale motor to determine if the plume infrared signature could be reduced without a significant loss in specific impulse. Spectral measurements from 2.5 to 5.5 micrometers and thermal measurements from 3.5 to 5.0 micrometers were made. Plume particle size measurements showed that only particles with small diameters (less than 1.93 micrometers) were present with any significant volume. Replacing a portion of the aluminum in a highly metallized solid propellant with silicon was found to eliminate the Al2O3 in favor of SiO2 and Al6SiOl3, without any change in particulate mass concentration or any large change in particle size distribution. These particulates were found to have significantly lower absorptivity than Al2O3. An additional investigation was conducted to determine the particle size distribution at the nozzle entrance. Malvern ensemble scattering, phase-Doppler single particle scattering and laser transmittance measurements made through windows in the combustion chamber at the nozzle entrance indicated that large particles were present (to 250 micrometers). However, most of the mass of the particles was contained in particles with diameters smaller than 5 micrometers. Approximate calculations made with the measured data showed that if 100 micrometers particles are present with the smoke (particles with diameters less than 2 micrometers) they could account for only approximately 10% of the article volume.
Download or read book A Preliminary Investigation of the Destruction of Solid propellant Rocket Motors by Impact from Small Particles written by David J. Carter (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurements of Sub Micron AL203 Particles in Rocket Plumes written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transmission measurements using six wavelengths were made through the edges of plumes for solid propellant rocket motors using various propellants and motor geometries. The average values obtained for the aluminum oxide particles were a Sauter mean diameter of O.30+ or -.02 microns, an index of refraction of 1.64 + or -.04 and standard deviation of 1.52+ or -.12 for the assumed monomodal, log-normal size distribution. The results indicated that the small aluminum oxide particles in the plume edge were gamma-AL203, independent of propellant composition, motor operating conditions and nozzle geometry. The good correlation of the data indicated that the small particles can be adequately represented by a monomodal, log-normal distribution.
Download or read book Solid Propellant Processing Factors in Rocket Motor Design written by Carlton L. Horine and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particle Sizing in a Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Using Scattered Light Measurements written by John S. Rosa and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was performed to determine, in situ, the change in mean particle size across the exhaust nozzle of a small metallized solid-propellant rocket motor. Light scattering profiles were recorded at both the exhaust and the entrance of the nozzle. The experiment method used provided excellent results within the exhaust. However, combustion light at the wavelength of the transmitted light hampered light scattering measurements within the motor. Particle size measurements were consistent with the sizes found in the collected exhaust products. Keywords: Solid-Propellant; Rocket Motor; Light-Scattering; and Particle Sizing. (Theses).
Download or read book Ice Nucleus Activity Measurements of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust Particles written by Vernon W. Keller and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
