Download or read book Measurements of Atmospheric Ion Reactions written by R. F. Stebbings and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charge transfer and charged rearrangement collision cross sections were measured at energies down to 2 eV with identification of product ions and some state selection of primary ions. Electric impact studies of molecular oxygen with high resolution provided new important information on the ionization process, while investigations of negative ions in afterglows of atmospheric gases demonstrated the comparative lack of understanding in this important aspect of atmospheric deionization. The following reactions were studied by the ionization afterglow technique: ionic recombination in O2; thermalization diffusion and electron-ion dissociative recombination in N2; attachment in gases containing NO2; attachment and electron-ion dissociative recombination in gases containing NO. (Author).
Download or read book Measurements of Atmospheric Ion Reactions written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurements of Atmospheric Ion Reactions written by R. F. Stebbings and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC ION REACTIONS written by R. F. Stebbings and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charge transfer and charged rearrangement collision cross sections were measured at energies down to 2 eV with identification of product ions and some state selection of primary ions. Electric impact studies of molecular oxygen with high resolution provided new important information on the ionization process, while investigations of negative ions in afterglows of atmospheric gases demonstrated the comparative lack of understanding in this important aspect of atmospheric deionization. The following reactions were studied by the ionization afterglow technique: ionic recombination in O2; thermalization diffusion and electron-ion dissociative recombination in N2; attachment in gases containing NO2; attachment and electron-ion dissociative recombination in gases containing NO. (Author).
Download or read book Electronic and Ionic Reactions at Atmospheric Gases written by R. H. Neynaber and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory measurements indicate that the metastable ions of O(+) in reaction with N2 in the low-energy range (14 eV) react to form principally N2(+), while the ion molecule reaction to form NO(+) has a very small probability. The ground-state O(+) reacts mainly to form NO(+). The abundance of metastable O(+2)D ions was determined using the observation that O(+2)D + N2 has a small cross section for forming NO(+). The ion-energy dependences for both reactions were measured within the energy range 1.0 to 500 eV. (Author).
Download or read book In Situ Measurements of Meteoric Ions written by Joseph M. Grebowsky and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal ions found in the atmosphere above 60 km are the result of incoming meteoroid atmospheric ablation. Layers of metal ions are detected by sounding rocket in situ mass spectrometric sampling in the 80 to 130 km region, which coincides with the altitude region where meteors are observed. Enhancements of metal ion concentrations occur during meteor showers. Even outside of shower periods, the metal ion altitude profiles vary from measurement to measurement. Double layers are frequent at middle latitudes. More than 40 different meteoric atomic and molecular ions, including isotopes, have been detected. Atmospheric metal ions on average have an abundance that matches chrondritic material, the same composition as the early solar system. However there are frequently local departures from this composition due to differential ablation, species dependent chemistry and mass dependent ion transport. Metal ions react with atmospheric O2, O, O3, H2O and H2O2 to form oxygenated and hydrogenated ionic compounds. Metal atomic ions at high altitudes have long lifetimes. As a result, these ions, in the presence of Earth's magnetic field, are transported over long distances by upper atmospheric winds and ionospheric electric fields. Satellite measurements have detected metal ions as high as, approximately 1000 km and have revealed circulation of the ions on a global scale.
Download or read book Ionic Reactions in the Earth s Upper Atmosphere written by T. M. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements made on the selected-ion flow-tube at the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory on the temperature dependence of several ion-molecule reaction rate coefficients. The N(+) + CO and C(+)+ NO systems were studied over a range of 9 - 450 K. Measurements were also made on C(+) + O2, CO+ + O2, and CO2(+) + O2 over the range 90 - 450 K. Comparison with available earlier results showed agreement within experimental uncertainty. A flowing afterglow apparatus was developed at Oklahoma for the study of ion interactions. Positive-ion/negative ion recombination was studied in this apparatus. Preliminary work was carried out for the Cl2(+) + Cl system and photographic documentation is used to determine the strength of the recombination process. (Author).
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere written by M. H. Rees and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-08-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multitude of processes that operate in the upper atmosphere are revealed by detailed physical and mathematical descriptions of the interactions of particles and radiation, temperatures, spectroscopy and dynamics.
Download or read book Reactions of Atmospheric Cluster Ions written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selected ion flow tube apparatus has been modified to include a well-defined flow drift region and instrumentation for ion modulation and data acquisition. This apparatus was used to measure the first experimental mobilities for several important families of atmospheric cluster ions. Core ions include the nitric oxide cation, ammonium ion, and hydronium ion; solvating ligands include water, ammonia, acetonitrile, and acetone. Several collision gases were examined including helium and nitrogen, as well as the polar gases, water and acetone. The mobilities of prototypical aromatic species have also been measured and evaluated to distinguish between isomeric structures. Doppler-resolved laser-induced fluorescence measurements of collision-induced rotational alignment of the molecular nitrogen cation drifted in helium have been carried out. A strong correlation was found between the degree of rotational alignment and the velocity subgroup probed along the field direction; the correlation between alignment and velocity increases with increasing field strength. These results are attributed primarily to the change in anisotropy of the relative velocity vector distribution of the nitrogen cation-helium pair with field strength.
Download or read book Air Ions written by Jonathan M. Charry and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air Ions: Physical and Biological Aspects fully develops two areas that are important for a comprehensive understanding of the subject of air ions: (1) the physical/chemical nature of ions, and (2) their potential interaction with biological systems. The reader is led through a series of none chapter, the first five of which lay the basis for understanding ions in the context of naturally and artificially created environments. The final four chapters are well situated to discuss the literature and history connected with the search for ion-induced biological effects.
Download or read book Measurement of Ion Transport Properties Ion Reaction Rates and Trace Neutral Concentration of Atmosphere Interest written by Fred L. Eisele and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research on Ion Molecule Reactions Involving Species Important in the Atmosphere written by Clayton F. Giese and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report covers studies of ion molecule reactions done with mass selection of the primary ion beam. There are five separate sections: (1) The cross section for the important reaction O(+)+N2 yields NO(+)+N has been measured from about 0.5 e.v. to 35 e.v. It has a broad maximum of 4 x 10 to the 16th power sq cm at 13 e.v. and, very surprisingly, drops off rapidly above this energy and, more slowly below this energy. (2) Isotope effects in reactions of HD(+) ions with HD molecules and rare gas atoms have been studied. (3) Some theoretical speculations on the importance of quantum-mechanical resonance forces in ion-molecule reactions are given. (4) Cross sections for dissociative ionization of N2 and N2O by rare gas ion impact have been measured. (5) Reactions, including dissociative ionization, of rare gas ions with N2O, C2H4, and D2 have been studied. (Author).
Download or read book Ion Composition Measurements and Related Ionospheric Processes in the D and Lower E Regions written by R. S. Narcisi and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurements of Negative Ion Production in Atmospheric Gases written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report investigates experimental measurements of two electron capture for negative ion production in atmospheric gases.
Download or read book Summary and Applications of Cluster Ion Reactions Measured at the Ballistic Research Laboratories written by Franklin E. Niles and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rate constants for room temperature reactions involving atmospheric cluster ions have been measured using two laboratory facilities: A stationary afterglow facility employing photoionization and separate mass analysis for ions and neutrals; and A drift tube facility employing thermionic emission of alkali ions and mass analysis of ions. In the afterglow facility, the sequence of reactions initiated by NO(+) ions reacting in a gaseous mixture of nitric oxide and water vapor and terminated by H2O(+).4H2O has been studied at 296K with each rate constant measured independently. Likewise, the sequence of reactions initiated by NO(+) ions reacting in a gaseous mixture of nitric oxide and ammonia and terminated by NH4(+).3NH3 has been studied at 296K. In the drift tube facility, the clustering of atmospheric gases to the alkali ions Li(+), Na(+), and K(+) has been studied. From laboratory studies of the clustering of atmospheric gases to alkali ions, a map of the minimum values for initial clustering reaction rate constants and equilibrium constants has been drawn. The importance of the formation of a weakly bound cluster ion followed by a switching reaction to form a strongly bound cluster ion to the ion chemistry of the D region has been shown. (Author).
Download or read book Compilation of Reaction Rate Constants Measured in the ESSA Flowing Afterglow System to August 1969 written by Fred Fehsenfeld and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reaction rate constants measured to August, 1969 in the ESSA flowing afterglow system have been compiled and tabulated in this report. The references to original publications are included along with reference to several published reviews on specialized aspects of ion-molecule reactions. Because of the large number of measured rate constants (several hundred) this report should be useful as a reference source and "finding list."
Download or read book Reactions of Bromide Ions with Atmospheric Trace Gases and Aerosols written by Andrea Elizabeth Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I investigated the utility of Br- as a chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) reagent ion for the detection and measurement of both atmospheric trace gases and aerosol species. The primary goals of this study are to obtain fast, very sensitive measurements of nitrate and sulfate and to ascertain if gas phase PAN and HNO3 could be measured simultaneously with the same chemical ionization scheme. Gas-phase measurements of PAN and nitric acid were conducted and the sensitivities of these measurements to temperature and relative humidity were determined. The potential for measuring aerosol composition by CIMS was assessed by comparison with PILS (particle-into-liquid sampler) measurements.
