Download or read book Measurement and Interpretation of DT Neutron Emission from TFTR written by John Scott McCauley and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Study of TFTR D T Neutron Spectra Using Natural Diamond Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three Natural Diamond Detector (NDD) based spectrometers have been used for neutron spectra measurement during Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) experiments using high power Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) and Ton Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) in 1996. A 2-3 % energy resolution coupled with the high radiation resistance of NDDs (5 x 1014n/cm2) makes them ideal for measuring the D-T neutron spectra in the high radiation environment of TFTR tritium experiments. The compact size of the NDD made it possible to insert one of the detectors into one of the center channels of the TFTR multichannel neutron collimator to provide a vertical view perpendicular to the vessel midplane, Two other detectors were placed inside shields in TFTR test cell and provide measurements of the neutrons having angles of emission of 110- 180° and 60-12-° with respect to the direction of the plasma current. By using a 0.25 [mu]s shaping time of the Ortec 673 spectroscopy amplifier we were able to accumulate useful spectrometry data at count rates up to 1.5 x 103 counts/sec. To model the D- T neutron spectra measured by each of three NDD's the Neutron Source post TRANSP (NST) code and semi-analytical model were developed. A set of D-T and D-D plasmas is analyzed for the dynamics of D-T neutron spectral broadening for each of three NDD cones of view. The application of three NDD based D-T neutron -spectrometer array demonstrated the anisotropy of the ion distribution function. and provided a mature of the dynamics of the effective ion temperatures for each detector view, and determined the tangential velocity of resonant tritons during ICRH.
Download or read book Measurement of Neutron Flux and Spectra for Physical and Biological Applications written by National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurement of Neutron Flux and Spectra for Physical and Biological Applications written by National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors written by Giuseppe Gorini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book of proceedings collects the papers presented at the Workshop on Diagnostics for ITER, held at Villa Monastero, Varenna (Italy), from August 28 to September 1, 1995. The Workshop was organised by the International School of Plasma Physics "Piero Caldirola. " Established in 1971, the ISPP has organised over fifty advanced courses and workshops on topics mainly related to plasma physics. In particular, courses and workshops on plasma diagnostics (previously held in 1975, 1978, 1982, 1986, and 1991) can be considered milestones in the history of this institution. Looking back at the proceedings of the previous meetings in Varenna, one can appreciate the rapid progress in the field of plasma diagnostics over the past 20 years. The 1995 workshop was co-organised by the Istituto di Fisica del Plasma of the National Research Council (CNR). In contrast to previous Varenna meetings on diagnostics, which have covered diagnostics in present-day tokamaks and which have had a substantial tutorial component, the 1995 workshop concentrated specifically on the problems and challenges of ITER diagnostics. ITER (the International Thennonuclear Experimental Reactor, a joint venture of Europe, Japan, Russia, and the United States, presently under design) will need to measure a wide range of plasma parameters in order to reach and sustain high levels of fusion power. A list of the measurement requirements together with the parameter ranges, target measurement resolutions, and accuracies provides the starting point for selecting a list of candidate diagnostic systems.
Download or read book Measurements of DT and DD Neutron Yields by Neutron Activation on TFTR written by Cris W. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DT Neutron Measurements and Experience on TFTR written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through semi-independent absolute calibrations of multiply redundant neutron detector systems, the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFIR) has achieved "7% (one-sigma) accuracy in its fusion power measurements. This has required careful attention to the linearity of detectors up to the present highest fusion power levels achieved on TFTR of over 10 MW. The extended duration of the DT program on TFTR has also tested the stability of the detector systems. These issues of calibration, linearity, and stability are reviewed for the TFTR experience and how it can be applied to plans for ITER.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-07 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neutron and X ray Emission Time Measurements written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser fusion targets can produce implosions with a delay between the peak compression (neutron emission) and the laser pulse on the order of 0.2 to 2.5 ns. We use a fast detector system to measure x-ray and D-T neutron emission times with a resolution of 100 to 200 ps. An NE111 fluor (quenched with 2% benzophenone) coupled to a microchannel plate photomultiplier tube detects the arrival of neutrons and x rays. A separate biplanar vacuum photodiode detects the arrival of unabsorbed laser light scattered from the target. These signals are mixed, then recorded on a 500 MHz transient digitizer. The discussion includes a description of the time interval system, experimental data, data analysis techniques, and system calibration.
Download or read book Measurements of DT and DD Neutron Yields by Neutron Activation on TFTR written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of elemental foils have been activated by neutron fluence from TFTR under conditions with the DT neutron yield per shot ranging from 1012 to over 1018, and with the DT/(DD+DT) neutron ratio varying from 0.5% (from triton burnup) to unity. Linear response over this large dynamic range is obtained by reducing the mass of the foils and increasing the cooling time, all while accepting greatly improved counting statistics. Effects on background gamma-ray lines from foil-capsule-material contaminants, and the resulting lower limits on activation foil mass, have been determined. DT neutron yields from dosimetry standard reactions on aluminum, chromium, iron, nickel, zirconium, and indium are in agreement within the ±9% (one-sigma) accuracy of the measurements; also agreeing are yields from silicon foils using the ACTL library cross-section, while the ENDF/B-V library has too low a cross-section. Preliminary results from a variety of other threshold reactions are presented. Use of the 115In(n.n(prime)) {sup 115m}In reaction (0.42 times as sensitive to DT neutrons as DD neutrons) in conjunction with pure-DT reactions allows a determination of the DT/(DD+DT) ratio in trace tritium or low-power tritium beam experiments.
Download or read book Fusion Nucl aire written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Interpretation of Neutron Measurements in Cosmic Radiation written by Hans Albrecht Bethe and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neutron Emission Profile Measurement During the First Tritium Experiments at JET written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cross calibration of Neutron Detectors for Deuterium tritium Operation in TFTR written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the initial deuterium-tritium experiments on TFTR, neutron emission was measured with 235U and 238U fission chambers, silicon surface barrier diodes, spatially collimated 4He proportional counters and ZnS scintillators, and a variety of elemental activation foils. The activation foils, 4He counters and silicon diodes can discriminate between 14 MeV and 2.5 MeV neutrons. The other detectors respond to both DD and DT neutrons but are more sensitive to the latter. The proportional counters, scintillators, and some of the fission chambers were calibrated absolutely, using a 14-MeV neutron generator positioned at numerous locations inside the TFTR vacuum vessel. Although the directly calibrated systems were saturated during the highest power deuterium-tritium operation, they allowed cross-calibration of less sensitive fission chambers and silicon diodes. The estimated absolute accuracy of the uncertainty-weighted mean of these cross-calibrations, combined with an independent calibration derived from activation foil determinations of total neutron yield, is ±7%.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors 2 written by Peter E. Stott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book of proceedings collects the papers presented at the workshop on "Diagnostics for Experimental Fusion Reactors" held at Villa Monastero, Varenna (Italy) September 4-12, 1997. This workshop was the seventh organized by the International School of Plasma Physics "Piero Caldirola" on the topic of plasma diagnostics and the second devoted to the diagnostic studies for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The proceedings of the first workshop on ITER diagnostics were published by Plenum Press in 1996 with the title "Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors". While many of the ideas and studies reported in the first workshop remain valid, there has been sub stantial progress in the design and specification of many diagnostics for ITER. This moti vated a second workshop on this topic and the publication of a new book of proceedings. ITER is a joint venture between Europe, Japan, Russia and USA in the field of con trolled thermonuclear fusion research. The present aim of ITER is to design an experimental fusion reactor that can demonstrate ignition and sustained burn in a magnetically confined plasma. To achieve this goal, a wide range of plasma parameters will have to be measured reliably. It is also anticipated that diagnostics will be used much more extensively as input to control systems on ITER than on present fusion devices and this will require increased relia bility and long-term stability.
Download or read book Absolute Calibration of TFTR Neutron Detectors for D T Plasma Operation written by Cris W. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
