Download or read book Mass Transport Properties in Thin Ion exchange Polymer Films and Related Phenomena written by Nebojsa Pantelic and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin ion-exchange polymer films (henceforth polyelectrolytes) have recently acquired substantial research interest. This is due in large part to the great promise demonstrated by the effective uptake and large preconcentration ratios of the ions from a liquid environment. The nanostructured porous film is an essential element of the spectroelectrochemical sensors. One fundamental aspect of the research involves molecular mass transport at the liquid/solid interface and associated film dynamics. These were studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry and quartz crystal microgravimetry and a good overall agreement between methods has been confirmed. The methodology for diffusion modeling was developed and demonstrated using several polyelectrolyte film materials. Three different theoretical models that account for non-ideal behaviors were employed to solve for the correct mechanism. Slow polymer relaxations coupled with ideal Fickian diffusion caused anomalies. The mass transport of model analytes was characterized by relatively slow diffusion constants (D = 10-12 - 10 -14 cm2/s) and relaxation rate constants (kR = 10-4 - 10-5 s-1). Anomalous diffusion in poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(acrylic acid) (PVA-PAA) composite thin films and the structure-property relationship were studied in detail. The results of in situ complexation between Fe2+ and ligand (2,2'-bipyridine) in thin Nafion films gave important insight into the set of chemical reactions for aqueous iron detection. The last chapter focuses on dynamics of a novel polyelectrolyte film material for chemical sensing, namely, partially sulfonated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SSEBS). The physico-chemical phenomenon of molecular aggregation was studied using rhodamine 6G laser dye and the SSEBS film material. It was demonstrated for the first time how spectroscopic ellipsometry could be effectively used in studying such a subtle process in thin films. The two thesis appendices are devoted to surface studies. The ultra-thin polyelectrolyte films (5-12 nm) were imaged using atomic force microcopy (AFM) and the results revealed "island-like" structures. The luminescence quenching of the laser dyes at the semiconductor indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces was demonstrated using evanescent wave spectroscopy. The results of investigation showed that within the first few nanometers from the ITO surface the luminescence was significantly reduced. In conclusion, the work gives important new insight into fundamental aspects of the spectroelectrochemical sensors.
Download or read book Ion Exchange Membrane Separation Processes written by H Strathmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-01-29 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, membranes and membrane processes are used as efficient tools for the separation of liquid mixtures or gases in the chemical and biomedical industry, in water desalination and wastewater purification. Despite the fact that various membrane processes, like reverse osmosis, are described in great detail in a number of books, processes involving ion-exchange membranes are only described in a fragmented way in scientific journals and patents; even though large industrial applications, like electrodialysis, have been around for over half a century. Therefore, this book is emphasizing on the most relevant aspects of ion-exchange membranes. This book provides a comprehensive overview of ion-exchange membrane separation processes covering the fundamentals as well as recent developments of the different products and processes and their applications. The audience for this book is heterogeneous, as it includes plant managers and process engineers as well as research scientists and graduate students. The separate chapters are based on different topics. The first chapter describes the relevant Electromembrane processes in a general overview. The second chapter explains thermodynamic and physicochemical fundamentals. The third chapter gives information about ion-exchange membrane preparation techniques, while the fourth and fifth chapter discusses the processes as unit operations giving examples for the design of specific plants. - First work on the principles and applications of electrodialysis and related separation processes - Presently no other comprehensive work that can serve as both reference work and text book is available - Book is suited for teaching students and as source for detailed information
Download or read book Guide to Programs written by National Science Foundation (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mass Transport Phenomena written by Christie J. Geankoplis and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular mass transport phenomena in fluids -- Transport phenomena and the basic equations of change -- Molecular mass transport phenomena in liquids -- Mass transport phenomena in solids -- Unsteady-state diffusion -- Mass transfer coefficients in laminar and turbulent flow -- Interphase mass transport -- Continuous two-phase mass transport processes -- Mass transport in state processes -- Analog computer methods.
Download or read book Polymer Thin Films written by Abbass A. Hashim and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a timely overview of a current state of knowledge of the use of polymer thin film for important technological applications. Polymer thin film book covers the scientific principles and technologies that are necessary to implement the use of polymer electronic device. A wide-ranging and definitive coverage of this emerging field is provided for both academic and practicing scientists. The book is intended to enable readers with a specific background, e.g. polymer nanotechnology, to become acquainted with other specialist aspects of this multidisciplinary field. Part A of the book covers the fundamental of the key aspect related to the development and improvement of polymer thin film technology and part B covers more advanced aspects of the technology are dealt with nano-polymer layer which provide an up-to-date survey of current research directions in the area of polymer thin film and its application skills.
Download or read book Lectures in Transport Phenomena written by Robert Byron Bird and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mass Transfer and Kinetics of Ion Exchange written by L. Liberti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While ion-exchange processes were originally used for the treatment of very dilute solutions, many applications for the treatment of concentrated solu tions have been developed in recent years. In these situations, the mass transfer bottlenecks are located in the~, rather than the liquid phase. Therefore, the development of quantitative models for ion-exchange kinetics requires knowledge about the conductance characteristics of ions and solvent in the solid phase. A useful approach towards this aim is the study of trans port characteristics of these species, and of their interactions in solid ion exchange membranes. Many different transport processes and related phenomena can be observed in membrane-solution systems, e.g., ion migration, electroosmosis, diffusion arid self-diffusion, osmosis, hydraulic flow, hyperfiltration (reverse osmosis) or ultrafiltration, streaming potential and streaming current, and membrane potentials (also called "membrane concentration potentials"). It is important to correlate all these phenomena so as to avoid a very large number of unnec essary measurements. Such correlation is often possible [Meares, 1976] since all these phenomena are determined by the ease of migration of the different species across the membrane. Important correlations have been made and summar ized even before high-capacity ion-exchange membranes became commercially available [Sollner, 1950, 197iJ.
Download or read book Water Resources Research Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Awards in Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalog of Research Projects written by United States. Office of Saline Water and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Saline Water Conversion Report for written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Peterson s Annual Guides to Graduate Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1982-12 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Science Manpower written by National Science Foundation (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Annual Guides to Graduate Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Title author company Index to Reports Published by the U S Department of the Interior Office of Saline Water written by Karl Otto Johnsson and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
