Download or read book Marsh Sediment Accumulation and Accretion on a Rapidly Retreating Estuarine Coast written by Conor McDowell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge in coastal Delaware protects one of the most expansive salt marsh systems on the U.S. Mid-Atlantic seaboard. In recent decades, the Refuge has experienced a substantial decrease in salt marsh area along the Delaware Bay boundary by shoreface erosion and in the marsh interior by inland pool expansion. Although the origin of the pools is unknown, it has been suggested that the supply of allochthonous mineral sediment from tidal waterways to the marsh platform may be a contributing factor. To investigate whether vertical accretion of Refuge marshland is limited by sediment accumulation, a study was conducted to measure rates of mineral sediment and organic matter accumulation (mass/area/time) and accretion (length/time) using 137Cs and 210Pb chronologies developed for 19 marsh sites throughout the Refuge. To establish patterns and rates of recent historical marsh loss, an analysis of historical aerial photographs was undertaken. ☐ Results indicate that Bombay Hook NWR has lost a total of ~8.6 million m2 of marsh area since 1961. This loss was mostly caused by the formation of inland pools (~50% of area lost) and shoreface erosion along the Delaware Bay boundary (~35%), with a smaller contribution by waterway channel widening (~15%). Shoreface erosion was most prevalent in the southern half of the Refuge with some locations experiencing up to ~12 m/yr of retreat since 1961, while the northern section experienced far less retreat at 0.6 m/yr. The formation and expansion of inland pools were mostly concentrated in the northern half of the Refuge, adjacent to three freshwater impoundments constructed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in the late 1930s. ☐ Salt marsh accretion and mass accumulation rates measured for this study fall within the middle to upper range of similarly determined rates for undisturbed marshes of the Delaware Estuary, and rates based on 137Cs and 210Pb methods were largely in agreement. Accretion rates (137Cs) for low marsh sites averaged 0.65 cm/yr and were significantly higher than rates at high marsh sites, which averaged 0.42 cm/yr. Combined mineral and organic mass accumulation rates (137Cs) exhibited a similar difference between low and high marsh sites, averaging 0.31 g/cm2/yr and 0.13 g/cm2/yr, respectively. Mineral and organic mass accumulation rates correlated strongly with rates of accretion (R2= .85 and .79 respectively), revealing that both mineral sediment and organic matter drive marsh accretion at the Refuge, and that belowground biomass accumulation and aboveground mineral sediment deposition set the minimum and maximum rates of accretion, respectively. ☐ Marsh accretion rates measured in this study met or exceeded the rate of recent relative sea-level rise for the middle Delaware Estuary, based on the NOAA tide gauge record for Reedy Point (0.35 ± 0.05 mm/yr, 1956-2015). This result, in combination with the high rates of mineral accumulation measured throughout the Refuge, makes clear that there is not a marsh accretionary deficit related to insufficient mineral sediment. Moreover, the marsh soil record provides no evidence that the formation and expansion of marsh pools since the 1960s is related to low rates of marsh accretion or sediment supply. Additional research on historical changes in tidal inundation, marsh accretion, and elevation change is needed to better understand the nature of pool expansion and marsh loss at the Refuge.
Download or read book Hydrogeomorphic Influences on Salt Marsh Sediment Accumulation and Accretion in Two Estuaries of the U S Mid Atlantic Coast written by Brandon M. Boyd and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Impacts on Salt Marshes written by Brian R. Silliman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-06-03 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human Impacts on Salt Marshes provides an excellent global synthesis of an important, underappreciated environmental problem and suggests solutions to the diverse threats affecting salt marshes."—Peter B. Moyle, University of California, Davis
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sediment Dynamics of Chinese Muddy Coasts and Estuaries written by Xiao Hua Wang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment Dynamics of Chinese Muddy Coasts and Estuaries: Physics, Biology and Their Interactions provides a forum for the latest research addressing the physics, sedimentary processes, biology, chemistry and ecological processes associated with these rapidly changing estuarine and coastal environments. The book explores the challenges and opportunities for future research in China's estuaries and coastal waters around the world, and uses China as a case study to provide answers to the causes of, and possible solutions to, these problems, presenting methodologies on working with observation and modelling analysis. China's coastal zone is facing many urgent issues in the environmental degradation and sustainable use of its marine resources. This book reviews and synthesizes papers from international research communities, including those from China, to exemplify and document their scientific approaches to manage and recover coastal ecological functions. - Presents spatio-temporal processes and multivariate dynamic modelling - Includes physical and biological feedback, along with marine ecosystem observation and modeling - Features multidisciplinary methodological approaches - Includes important information on the effects of climate change to the coasts and estuaries of China
Download or read book Sea Level Rise and Coastal Subsidence Causes Consequences and Strategies written by J.D. Milliman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse-induced climate warming increasingly appears to be a reality, and the warming climate will be accompanied by an accelerated sea level rise - as much as 60-100 cm over the next century. What is commonly absent in the discussion of rising sea level, however, is the role played by the subsidence of low-lying coastal areas, which can have a far greater local effect than the eustatic rise of the sea. The combined sea-level rise and land subsidence will almost certainly make the greatest impact on coastal societies in the densely populated regions of southern Asia, but its effects will be felt globally. This volume explores the concepts of sea-level rise and coastal subsidence, both natural and anthropogenically accelerated, in the form of a series of case studies in such diverse locations as Bangkok, Bangladesh, Venice, and the Niger and Mississippi deltas, as well as a discussion of the economic, engineering and policy responses that must be considered if the effects of local sea-level rise are to be mitigated.
Download or read book Coastal Wetlands written by Gerardo Perillo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 1130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal Wetlands, Second Edition: An Integrated and Ecosystem Approach provides an understanding of the functioning of coastal ecosystems and the ecological services that they provide. As coastal wetlands are under a great deal of pressure from the dual forces of rising sea levels and the intervention of human populations, both along the estuary and in the river catchment, this book covers important issues, such as the destruction or degradation of wetlands from land reclamation and infrastructures, impacts from the discharge of pollutants, changes in river flows and sediment supplies, land clearing, and dam operations. - Covers climate change and its influence on coastal wetland form and function - Provides a fully updated and expanded resource, including new chapters on modeling, management and the impact of climate change - Contains full-color figures of wetlands and estuaries in different parts of the world
Download or read book Estuarine Beaches written by K.F. Nordstrom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1992-05-31 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to supply the background needed to structure research on estuarine beach resources and provide the basis for a program for informed management. The book is a synthesis of data on physical, biological, and human processes.
Download or read book Response of Upper Gulf Coast Estuaries to Holocene Climate Change and Sea level Rise written by John B. Anderson and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main impacts of global warming is accelerated sea-level rise: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predictions suggest that the rate of rise could reach as high as 5'10 mm/yr by the end of this century. While it is generally recognized that accelerated sea-level rise will severely impact low-gradient coastlines, scientists are still ill prepared to predict coastal response. A study of seven Gulf Coast estuaries (Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound, Weeks Bay, Calcasieu Lake, Sabine Lake, Galveston Bay, Matagorda Bay, and Corpus Christi Bay) was aimed at examining their response to past changes in the rate of sea-level rise and climate. The rates of change are of the same magnitude as those predicted for this century. The estuarine response to change has been one of abrupt landward retreat and major reorganization of estuarine environments at decadal time scales. This book should be of interest to scientists and policy makers concerned with future impacts of global warming.
Download or read book Dungeness and Romney Marsh written by Antony Long and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2007-09-20 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Romney Marsh / Dungeness Foreland depositional complex comprises an extensive tract of marshland and associated sand and gravel barrier deposits, located in the eastern English Channel. This monograph presents the results of a programme of palaeoenvironmental investigation aimed at improving our understanding of this internationally-significant coastal landform. The focus is on the evidence for landscape change during the late Holocene, from c. 3000 BC onwards, and on identifying the local, regional and global driving mechanisms responsible for the changes observed. The research details the results from two related projects, each funded as part of English Heritage's Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund scheme. The first project concerns the late Holocene evolution of the port of Rye, located in the southeast part of the complex, and the second the depositional history of the gravel foreland. Topics explored include the vegetation and land-use history of the study area, methodological issues relating to the collection and interpretation of radiocarbon dates from coastal lowlands, the role of compaction in influencing landscape and sea-level change, and the effects of medieval storms on coastal flooding and landscape change. This monograph is intended for students and researchers interested in Holocene coastal evolution and sea-level change, coastal vegetation history and land-use history, and the development of new techniques for reconstructing past environmental change in coastal lowlands.
Download or read book Sea Level Rise for the Coasts of California Oregon and Washington written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tide gauges show that global sea level has risen about 7 inches during the 20th century, and recent satellite data show that the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating. As Earth warms, sea levels are rising mainly because ocean water expands as it warms; and water from melting glaciers and ice sheets is flowing into the ocean. Sea-level rise poses enormous risks to the valuable infrastructure, development, and wetlands that line much of the 1,600 mile shoreline of California, Oregon, and Washington. As those states seek to incorporate projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning, they asked the National Research Council to make independent projections of sea-level rise along their coasts for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, taking into account regional factors that affect sea level. Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future explains that sea level along the U.S. west coast is affected by a number of factors. These include: climate patterns such as the El Niño, effects from the melting of modern and ancient ice sheets, and geologic processes, such as plate tectonics. Regional projections for California, Oregon, and Washington show a sharp distinction at Cape Mendocino in northern California. South of that point, sea-level rise is expected to be very close to global projections. However, projections are lower north of Cape Mendocino because the land is being pushed upward as the ocean plate moves under the continental plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. However, an earthquake magnitude 8 or larger, which occurs in the region every few hundred to 1,000 years, would cause the land to drop and sea level to suddenly rise.
Download or read book Physical Processes in Estuaries written by Job Dronkers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Physical Processes in Estuaries the present day knowledge of the physics of transport phenomena in estuaries and their mathematical treatment is summarized: It is divided into following parts: - Water movements in estuaries - Estuarine fronts and river plumes - Internal waves and interface stability - Fine sediment transport, aggregation of particles, settling velocity of mud flocs - Sedimentation and erosion of fine sediments. For each topic an up-to-date review and recommendations for future research are given, followed by results of original studies. Since estuarine environments are the first to be threatened by urbanization and industrial exploitation this book is an important tool for students and researchers of environmental problems as well as for consultants and water authorities.
Download or read book Historic Sediment Accretion Rates in a Louisiana Coastal Marsh and Implications for Sustainability written by Rebekah Perkins Smith and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deltaic marshes of the Mississippi River in Louisiana disappeared at a rate of 88 km2 annually from 1956 to 2000 (Barras et al. 2003) as marshes become inundated by sea water. Marsh surface elevation varies spatially and temporally due to fluvial sediment deposition, resuspension, erosion, compaction, sea level rise, and organic matter accumulation and decomposition. If net accretion from sediment deposition and/or peat production is insufficient, marshes respond to sea level rise by migrating landward. Since human development prevents landward migration of marsh in Breton Sound Basin, Louisiana, marsh sustainability can only be achieved if vertical accretion keeps pace with a relative sea level rise of 10 mm/yr so that marsh surface elevation is maintained within the tidal range. Measurement time scale and changing influences on marsh sediment were considered in an assessment of the long-term sustainability of Breton Sound marsh based on comparison of the rate of relative sea level rise to measured accretion rates. Six cores (~4 m long each) were collected in Breton Sound and a combination of three radioisotopes, as well as stratigraphic analysis were used to measure accretion rates and identify evidence of historical river effects and storms. Net accretion rates over recent short-term (decadal) and long-term (centennial/millennial) time scales were measured using 210Pb, 137Cs, and 14C dating. Long-term mean accretion based on 14C dating was highly variable (3.5 mm/yr, [sigma]=4.5). Three 210Pb rates were recovered, averaging 4.3 mm/yr ([sigma]=1.9). Accretion rates measured using 137Cs averaged 7.7 mm/yr ([sigma]=2.3). Rates of sediment accretion are ultimately insufficient to offset relative sea level rise, especially after allowing for sediment volume reduction encountered over the long term. The combined effects of reduced fluvial input, rising sea level, and prevention of landward marsh migration create an environment that is inherently unstable.
Download or read book Integrating Conservation Biology and Paleobiology to Manage Biodiversity and Ecosystems in a Changing World written by G. Lynn Wingard and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policy makers and resource managers must make decisions that affect the resilience and sustainability of natural resources, including biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, these decisions are often based on evidence or theory derived from highly altered systems and over short time periods of low-magnitude environmental and climatic change. Because natural systems change and evolve across multiple timescales from instantaneous to millennial, long-term understanding of how past life has responded to perturbations can inform resource managers. By using these natural laboratories of the past, conservation paleobiology and paleoecology provide the framework necessary to anticipate and plan for future changes. The goal of this Research Topic is to heighten awareness among conservation and restoration practitioners to the value and applications of long-term perspectives provided by conservation paleobiology and paleoecology. Most conservation studies focus on systems already impacted by anthropogenic change; these studies would benefit from paleontological data through expanded temporal scales, identification of baselines, and an understanding of how organisms have responded to past changes. However, resource management decisions rarely include input from paleontologists, and paleoecological research is rarely incorporated into conservation decision-making. We seek to bridge this research-implementation gap by highlighting the application of paleoecological data to issues such as biodiversity dynamics, extinction risks, and resilience to perturbations, among other topics. We hope to foster new cross-disciplinary synergies by encouraging conservation scientists and managers to collaborate with paleontologists to improve conservation decision-making and by increasing awareness among paleontologists to the needs of the resource management community. This Research Topic will provide a forum for both the paleontological and resource management communities to exchange ideas that will enhance restoration and conservation decision-making. We invite papers on conceptual advances, reviews of specific topics to guide efforts in research or practice, case studies of successful applications, articles describing datasets with applied value, and perspective papers summarizing a body of paleontological research with relevance to the resource management community. Topics can include but are not limited to: • Responses of species, communities, and ecosystems to perturbations • Strategies to achieve the direct integration of paleobiology and paleoecology into on-ground resource management • Identifying baselines and reference conditions • Increasing the robustness of forecasting models through the incorporation of paleontological data • Identifying key species, interactions, and other phenomena as indicators of impending change • New methodologies, analytical tools, and/or proxies in the application of paleontological data to conservation and restoration practice Lynn Wingard, Damien Fordham, and Greg Dietl have no conflicts of interest. Chris Schneider has a potential conflict of interest where manuscripts pertain to stakeholders in the petroleum industry, as she is an independent contractor in the Alberta Oil Sands mining area.
Download or read book Sediment Accretion and Tidal Marsh Formation at a Santa Clara Valley Tidal Marsh written by Elizabeth Burke Watson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography on Tidal Hydraulics written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography on Tidal Hydraulics written by United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Committee on Tidal Hydraulics and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
