Download or read book Market Mechanisms and the Health Sector in Central and Eastern Europe written by Alexander S. Preker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation World Bank Technical Paper No. 293.Presents a conceptual framework for understanding the impact of health sector reforms in Central and Eastern Europe. The book analyzes the various factors involved in the reforms and presents strategies adopted by many countries of the region during the early phases of the transition era.
Download or read book Labor Markets and Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe written by N. A. Barr and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Labor Markets and Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe' summarises social policy reform during the transition and EU accession and analyses the social policy challenges which continue to face both old and new member states. Specifically, the book amplifies two sets of arguments. First, social policy under communism was in important respects well-suited to the old order andprecisely for that reasonwas systematically badly-suited to a market economy. Strategic reform directions thus followed from the nature of the transition process and from constraints imposed by EU accession. Secondly, successful accession is not the end of the story: economic and social trends over the past 50 years are creating strains for social policy which all countriesold and new memberswill have to face.This book will be of interest to readers interested in social policy, particularly those with an interest in the process of post-communist transition, in EU accession, and in future social policy challenges for the wider Europe. It should be of interest to academics in departments of economics, social policy and political science, and to policy makers, including government advisers and civil servants.
Download or read book Labor Markets in Transition in Central and Eastern Europe 1989 1995 written by Christine Allison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Content Description #Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
Download or read book Health Care Law making in Central and Eastern Europe written by André Pieter den Exter and published by Intersentia nv. This book was released on 2002 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the relevance of a theoretical model of health care law-making in several Central and Eastern European countries. Confronted with the legacy of the ancient regime, the countries selected shifted away from a 'socialist' model towards a more 'market-oriented' health care system. From a legal perspective, this change of system imposed on government the need for drastic reforms starting with the introduction of a compulsory health insurance scheme based on the notion of solidarity. Future accession to the EU, requiring the incorporation of the acquis communautaire, has increased the complexity of legal reforms since. Strengthening the reform process, the author developed a method of law-making based on legal-theoretical understanding. Case study research in three selected countries justifies the conclusion that the analytical model rationalises the law-making activity, including the 'EU law approximation process'. What is more, it became apparent that the importance of this theoretical model is not restricted only to the selected countries but may also be a valuable instrument for other countries in transition in the region. Health care law-making in Central and Eastern Europe - Review of a legal-theoretical model provides a unique resource for scholars and policy makers interested in legal reforms in Central and Eastern European health care systems.
Download or read book The Financing of Pension Systems in Central and Eastern Europe written by Emily S. Andrews and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmentally Sustainable Development Agricultural Research and Extension Series: Banana Improvement Project Report No. 1. Presents an overview of current and planned activities in institutions working on the Banana Improvement Project, co-sponsored by the Common Fund for Commodities, the FAO Intergovernmental Group on Bananas, and the World Bank. The project has two important objectives: to develop improved banana varieties suitable for the international market and to improve pest and disease control practices with the object of reducing pesticide use and its harmful environmental impact.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Investing in Pastoralism written by David John Pratt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 365.The World Bank has been supporting range livestock development since the 1960s, gaining experience that currently contributes to best practices in natural resource management (NRM) in pastoral areas. This report focuses on NRM in the arid rangelands used by pastoralists in Africa and the Middle East, offering guidelines for development. An introductory chapter on the nature of NRM is followed by advice on preparing for project intervention and by guidelines for specific project components. A concluding chapter considers the broader implications for international agencies, particularly the World Bank. Eight annexes provide additional background information and advice, as well as a user guide for practitioners.
Download or read book The Impact of Environmental Assessment written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China is in the throes of two transitions: from a command economy to a market-based one and from a rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrial one. So far, both transitions have been spectacularly successful. China is the fastest-growing economy in the world, with per capita incomes more than quadrupling since 1978, achieving in two generations what took other countries centuries. Although swift growth and structural change have resolved many problems, they also have created new challenges: employment insecurity, growing inequality, stubborn poverty, mounting environmental pressures, rising costs of food self-sufficiency, and periods of macroeconomic instability stemming from incomplete reforms. Unmet, these challenges could undermine the sustainability of growth, and China's promise could fade. China 2020, a seven-volume set, examines China's recent history, where it is today, and the path it should follow during the first two decades of the 21st century. The volume in the set entitled, Old Age Security: Pension Reform in China highlights two severe difficulties with China's current pension system: the urgent and immediate problem of the pension burden placed on state-owned enterprises, and the longer-term predicament arising from a rapidly aging population. State enterprises inherited heavy pension obligations from the central planning era. With the transition to a market economy, employment in the state enterprise sector is declining, while the number of pensioners is rising rapidly. The study recommends a unified pension system that includes both mandatory funded individual accounts and a social insurance scheme. It also endorses a sustainable contribution rate that attaches considerable importance to long-term financial viability (more than 60 years) and examines the risks associated with low compliance rates and low interest rates.
Download or read book The Legal Framework for Water Users Associations written by Salman M. A. Salman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent experience confirms that participation of farmers in managing parts of an irrigation system and collecting water charges usually results in a more efficient use of water. To be effective, farmers in the hydraulic unit would need to organize themselves by establishing a "water users" association. This paper presents a comparative study of the legal framework for these associations in Colombia, India, Mexico, Nepal, the Philippines, and Turkey. Building on the theory that participation of farmers in managing and operating parts of an irrigation system will result in an optimum use of water, the document analyzes in a comparative manner how each of these countries addressed the basic aspects related to the establishment and functioning of such associations. Additional emphasis is placed on the collection of water charges.
Download or read book Civil Service Reform in Francophone Africa written by 'Ladipo Adamolekun and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's financial markets are rapidly integrating into a single global marketplace, and developing countries are being drawn into this process starting from different points and moving at various speeds. Those with adequate institutions and sound policies in place may proceed smoothly along the road toward financial integration and gain the many benefits that integration can bring. Most of the developing economies lack many of the necesssary prerequisites for such a move; a few are so unprepared that integration may do them more harm than good. Developing countries may have little choice about whether to follow this path'advances in communications and new developments in finance have made the course inevitable'but they may still choose the ways in which they proceed, choosing the policies that benefit the economy and averting potential shocks. This World Bank report looks at the important challenges both sets of countries face in a new age of global capital. The book presents new and compelling evidence that, while low interest rates in industrial countries provided an initial impetus to the surge in private capital flows during 1989-93, these flows have entered a new phase, driven by increased financial integration . The report analyzes the causes and effects of integration, with a particular emphasis on how developing countries in the nascent stages of integration can learn from the experiences of the more rapidly integrating developing countries.
Download or read book Medicinal Plants written by John Lambert and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex and important relationship between public expenditure and economic performance has been the subject of numerous econometric studies. But the studies remain inconclusivesome results have shown positive relationships, while others are negative. Thus there is no conventional wisdom backed by statistical evidence on this relationship, nor is there any sort of clear theoretical underpinning that explains how the aggregate of government spending acts on the growth of total output. This book studies the role of public expenditures in a noneconometric way by examining a number of specific instances of these expenditures and their direct effect on economic performance. Specifically, the authors presents scenarios from Botswana, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, and Zambia and ask a series of questions to identify and illuminate the impact of these instances of public expenditure on a number of variables that help measure economic performance. These examples are then used to make generalizations about the relationship between public spending and economic performance.
Download or read book Social Development and Absolute Poverty in Asia and Latin America written by Willy De Geyndt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Using econometric techniques analyzes causes of widespread poverty in Latin America and the 10 largest East and South Asian countries. Concludes that slow economic growth is not the only explanatory variable, and cites importance of schools and health care"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.
Download or read book Health Status and Health Care Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries Bulgaria Estonia Poland Slovakia and Hungary written by and published by CEPS. This book was released on with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combining the Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Poverty Measurement and Analysis written by Soniya Carvalho and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the impact of paddy irrigation investments, operations, and maintenance in Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, as well as the conclusions of a performance audit of flood control schemes at three sites in Bangladesh. Findings from the review contradict the dominant model for government-operated, gravity-fed irrigation schemes in the humid tropics. The irrigation schemes are performing less well than expected at appraisal, mainly because of falling paddy prices, overoptimism about the crop area served, and project design faults. Results emphasize the value of co-production, involving pragmatic approaches to operation and maintenance under which public irrigation agencies, local authorities, and farmers work together to address specific problems and strengthen appropriate incentives.
Download or read book Vehicular Air Pollution written by Bekir Onursal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much is expected of private financing to help meet the infrastructure requirements of the rapidly growing East Asian economies. Although private financing grew briskly during the 1990s, it represents only a small share of all infrastructure investment in the region (between 12 and 18 percent). This monograph draws on experience in a number of countries in East Asia, as well as Australia, Chile, and India, to analyze the impediments to and prospects for private financing of infrastructure. The chapters discuss the choices available to policymakers and the strategies that governments have followed. An overview chapter describes recent trends in international financing of infrastructure projects in the region, discusses the key policy and institutional impediments to greater private participation, and assesses the role of domestic capital markets and finance. It also outlines a national and regional strategy for stimulating private investment in infrastructure. The case studies from countries outside East Asia illustrate the payoffs of increased integration and concerted moves toward private provision of infrastructure.
Download or read book Land Degradation in Tanzania written by Alemneh Dejene and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 370. Local land users and officials often have conflicting perceptions of and responses to land degradation issues. This causes problems for officials in diagnosing and addressing the issue and is a major constraint on the successful implementation of policies and projects to address land degradation. This study looks at the perception and response gap between officials and land users in the diagnosis and remedy of land degradation. It also examines the dynamics of the loss of soil fertility and low productivity at the village level. The study's findings will help shape investment programs to enhance land productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Download or read book Biodiversity and Agriculture written by Jitendra Srivastava and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture's vital role in biodiversity conservation and management. Definition of biodiversity. Biodiversity's links to agriculture. Biodiversity and agriculture: on a collision course?. Rationale for the World Bank's involvement in biodiversity management. Biodiversity in the Bank's agricultural and environmental portfolios. Towards a strategy for biodiversity conservation in harmony with agricultural development.
